





.^^ 




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A 



Gazetteer of Georgia; 



CONTAINING 



A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE; 



ITS 



Kesources, Counties, Towns, Yillages, 



a:nd whateyee is usual in statistical works. 



BY ADIEL SHERWOOD, 

HONORARY MEMBER OF THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL BOOIETT, AND COEEESPONDIKa 
SECRETARY OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF ILLINOIS. 



FOURTH EDIT iB iST, 

REVISED AND CORRECTED. 



GEORGIA: 

Macon : S. BOYKIN Griffin : BRAWNER & PUTNAM. 

Atlanta : J. RICHARDS. ^ 

1860. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by 

ADIEL SHERWOOD, 

Ie ikQ Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, 



ABBREVIATIONS. 



Ala. 



!■ 



ap. 

Is. 
in. 
M. 



Alabama, 


Mt. 


Mountain. 


Greek or branch, 


N. C. 


North Carolina. 


Capital or place of 


No. 


Number. 


public business. 


p. t. 


Post Town. p. place 


County. 
Island. 


p. V. 
r. 


Post Village. 
River. 


Miles. 


S. C. 


South Carolina. 


Milledgeville. 


Ten. 


Tennessee. 



p 



c*--\ 



,!rb-] 



^g^«^Jg^^ 



r 



^ L-V. 



PREFACE. 



n 



Since ths 3d editioii of the G-azetteer of Greorgia was 
published, in 1837, some forty now counties have been 
organized, making the whole number 132. True, since 
that date Eev. George Wkite^ has issued two statistical 
works; but as great changes have baen made, a new 
edition of the G-azetteer is demanded. The census of 
1859 has not been included, because it was not complete 
at first, as published by the Comptroller General, in the 
hope that the enumeration of 1860 woald be out in time 
for this work. The papers will print it as early as pos- 
sible, and when desired can be pasted upon the inside 
cover of this book. 

The Railroad routes, with the distances from place to 
place on the rude maps, will be a great convenience to 
travellers, and furnish all the information necessary in 
the cars. Over 1,200 miles of railroad are now open; 
extensions are made every month. Soo.i Sivannah will 
be in direct communication with Thomasville and the 
South-west. Soon Macon and Albany will be in conncKion 
with Brans wick ; another seaport will be accessible to the 
produce of the Empire State of the South, and all the 

*•'■ This geiitlemiQ, in his statistics of 1849, pages 44 and 45, prifits, 
" In 1717 the P.ilatiiij and Lords Proprietors,'' &c., from my Gazetteer ; 
this paragraph, except what is enclosed io doable comnaas, is ray own 
composition. The next seatence is also mine. Below is this :^" la 
July, 1732, the Charter from Greorgia, the record was read,'' &a. Here 
he has taken my words and my printer's error, verbatim ; the error is 
corrected in mybook, page 358, in ttiis way: —For '• Georgia, the Record, " 
read " George the Second" (see 3d edition, 1S37) ; this correction the 
plagiarist did not discover, or he would not have subjected himself to 
exposure in a minner sj pilpible. If he had acknowledged his obliga- 
tion, no notice would have been taken of his rapacity. This bill of 
plagiarism could be greatly enlarged if necessary. 



4 PKEFACE. 

Southern and South-western part greatly benefited. Ma- 
con, too, will soon be connected with Augusta direct. 
Griffin and Atlanta will be united with Jacksonville, 
Alabama. 

Very few words are necessary in this preface. A good 
map, containing every County and every Court-house, 
accompanies the book. Former editions have received 
so much approbation from the citizens, that hope is bright 
in regard to this. Many distinguished persons have 
urged its early publication. 

Griffin^ August^ 1860, 



CONTENTS. 



Antiquities, .... - 184 

Boundaries, - - - - - - 11 

Climate, --.--- 19 

Colleges, .-.--- 143 

Cotton Factories, - - - - 112 

Counties, alphabetically, with Towns, Post-Offices, etc., 25 

Diagrams of Railroads, - - - - 6 

Government Officers, - - - - 193 

History and Progress of Education, - - 142 

Lakes and Ponds, - - - - - 18 

List of Governors and Congressmen, - - 160 

Literature, Georgia Authors, - - - 154 

Manners, Customs, etc., ... 183 

Mineral Resources, ----- 188 

Natural Historv, ----- 182 

Old History, "- 12 

Population, ----- 192 

Preface, - - - - - - -3 

Presidents of the United States, - - 181 

Public Debt, ----- - 180 

Railroads, ..---, 149 

Receipts and Disbursements, - - - 178 

Religious Denominations, - - - 193 

Revolutionary facts, - - - - 1*15 

Rivers, . - . - - - 15 

School Statistics, - - • - . . 143 

Soil and Productions, - - - - 194 

Summer Retreats, ----- 170 

Supreme Court, - - - - - 165 

The Press, - - - - - - 165 

Treaties^ Acquisition of Territory,etc., - - 13 



RAILROAD ROUTES. 



Atlanta to West Point, 
87 Miles. 



Atlanta. 



East Point. R.R. to Macon. 



Atlanta to Augusta, 
171 Miles. 



18 



41 



72 



87 



Fairburn. 



Newnan. 



Lagrange, 



171 

160 
160 
142 
124 

Washington. 114 



Augusta. 

Belair. 

Berzilia. 

Dearing. 

Camac. 



Athens. 



106 
95 



Crawfordville. 
Union Point. 



Westpoint. 



Warrenton. 



Gumming. 



Greenesboro' 

Oconee River. 



Madison. 



Social Circle. 

Alcovee River. 



Covington. 
Rock Mountain. 
Decatur. 
Atlanta. 



Savannah and Gulf Road, R. R. Atlanta to Chatta- 

about 190 miles to Thomasville, nooga, 138 miles. 



20 



58 



125 



155 



167 



190 



SavaDnah, 



Ogechee River. 



Altamaha River. 



Zero. 



McDonald. 



Alapaha River. Rome. 



Valdosta, capital of Lowndes. 



Quitman, capital of Brooks. 



138 



114 



107 



100 



82 



70 



60 



50 



45 



84 



20 



Thomasville. 
Cars will run near to Thomasville, 
and so on to Bainbridge, in all, 1861. 
Distances in some places estimated. 



Chattanooga. 

State Line. 



Ringgold. 



Tunnellville. 



Dalton. 



Calhoun. 



Adairsville. 



Kingston. 



Cartersville. 

Etow'ah iliver. 



Alatoona. 



Acworth. 



Marietta. 



Cbattahoochee River. 



Atlanta. 



Clmvdand. 



Railroad from Macon to Savannah, 191 Miles, 

191 Savannah. 



170 



Eden 







140 


Halcyondale 






128 


Ogechee. 




"q 






















C8 


ca 


120 


Scarboro'. 


•^ 


§ 






S) 


^ 




, 


^ 


^ 








63 miles. 


111 


Millen. 






100 


Herndon. 



68 



Davisboro'. RiddlevUle. 





Bandersville. 


56 


Tennille. 


• 


6 

B 

i 

1 

QO 

rH 


28 




p 

s 


Mclntire. To Irwinim. 




38 miles. 


20 


Gordon. 


♦ 




9 


Griswold. 
Macon. 



Atlanta and Macon R. B., Macon to Columbus, 

103 MUes. 100 MUes. 



lOSlAtlanta. 



97 



92 



81 



60 



49 



42 



26 



15 



100 Columbus. 



East Point. 



Rough and Ready. 



Jonesboro' 



Griffin. 



Milner. 



Barnes ville. 



Forsyth. 



Crawford's. 



Macon. 



91 



80 



70 



65 



50 



42 



28 



12 



Shetulga. 

Upatoie. 

Geneva, Talbot Co. 

Steam Mills. 



Butler, Taylor Co. 

Flint River. 



Reynolds', Crawford Co. 



Fort Valley, Houston Co. S.W.R.R^ 



Echoconnee Creek. 



Macon. 



S. W. R. R., Macon to 

Fort Gaines & Eufala, 

140 miles. 



8^ 



90 



97 



120 



Brown's Mills. 



Dawson, Terrell Court-house. 

To Outhhert. 



S. W. R. R., Macon to Albany, 
106 miles. 



Macon. 



12 



28 



38 



48 



Echoconnee. 



Fort Valley. 



Winchester. 



Montezuma, 

Flint River. 



Smithville. To Albany. 50 Oglethorpe 



Cuthbert. Fort Gaines. 



95 



Americas. 



Smithville. 



Wooten's. 



140 Georgetown, opposite Eufala. 107 Albany, 



BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. * 11 



Boundaries and Extent, 



Georgia is bounded on the N'orth by Tennessee and 
North Carolina ; on the North-east by South Carolina, 
from which it is separated by the Savannah river ; on 
the South-east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the South 
by Florida, and on the West by a corner of Florida and 
Alabama. 

The line between this State and Tennessee begins at 
Nickojack, in Latitude 35°, West Longitude from Wash- 
ington city, 8° 38^ 45'^, and runs due East 66 rniles, to 
near the centre of Gilmer county, where it meets the North 
Carolina boundary. The line between us and North 
Carolina is 74 miles in length ; so that the whole of our 
northern boundary, from Nickojack to Ellicott's Rock, at 
the head of Chatooga, is 140 miles. 

From the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint 
rivers, in Latitude 30° 42' 42'^ and Longitude 8° 53' 15'^, 
to the head of the St. Mary's, the distance is 157 miles. 
Extend this line to the Atlantic, 47 more, and we have a 
southern boundary of 200 miles. 

The Chattahoochee, in its various meanderings, forms 
the western boundary 360 miles, to Miller's Bend, in 
Latitude 32° 52' 16"; Longitude, 8° 12' 45". Here the 
line diverges from the river, and runs N. 9° 26' W- to 
Nickojack, a distance of 146 miles. 

Georgia extends from Latitude 30° 34' 26" 6 N. to 
the 35°; and from 3° 45' to 8° 38' 45" W. Longitude 
from Washington city. Length from north to south 300 
miles ; breadth from east to west 240, containing upwards 
of 58,000 square miles — 37,120,000 acres. In shape, 
this State is a pentagon, having its nortli-eastern angle in 
Rabun, its south-eastern in Chatham, its south south-east- 
ern in Camden, its south-western in Decatur, and its north- 
western on the summit of Raccoon mountain, in Dade 
county. 



12 OLD HISTORY. 



Old History. 



Sir Walter Ealeigli is the reputed discoverer of the 
territory now called Georgia. A large number of old 
Tracts have lately been gathered up and reprinted by Mr. 
Force, of Washington city ; from these extracts are made, 
showing the early History of our State, which will, no 
doubt, be full of interest to every citizen. 

From "An Account showing the Progress of the Colony of Georgia, 
&c. ; printed in London, by order of the Trustees, in the vear 
MBCCXLI." 

"Mr. Oglethorpe has with him Sir Waltei- RawleigJi's 
written Journal, and by the Latitude of the Place, the 
Marks and Traditions of the Indians, it is the very first 
Place where he went on shore, and talked with the In- 
dians^ and was the first Englishman they ever saw ; and 
about half a Mile from Savannah is a high Mount of 
Earth under which lies their Chief King : And the In- 
dians informed Mr. Oglethorpe that their king desired, be- 
fore he died, that he might be Buried on the Spot where 
he talked with that great good man." 

In 1717 the Palatine and Lords Proprietors of South 
Carolina, granted unto Sir Eobert Mountgomery, •" all 
that Tract of Land which lies between the rivers Altamaha 
and Savannah," under the title of the Margravate of 
Azilia. There is extant a pamphlet in which the owner 
describes the country, and his plan of settling it, &c. ; but 
it is presumed he did not carry his plans into execution. 

In 1725 the Carolinians had built forts on the Altama- 
ha, to prevent the negroes escaping to Florida, and to 
overawe the Indians. The boundary between the Spanish 
and Carolinians not yet defined. 

In July, 1752, the trustees for establishing a Colony in 
Georgia, held their first regular meeting in London. The 
charter from George the 2d was read, granting all the 
lands between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers. This 
charter covers 1 6 large octavo pages : it excludes Eoman 
Catholics from the benefits of the country. 



TKEATIES, ETC. 

The reins of the Britisli Government were thrown off 
in January, 1776. The Provincial Governor, Wright, 
was imprisoned, and Archibald Bullock acted as Gov- 
ernor. 

In 1777 our Constitution was formed. The separate 
sections of the settled parts of the State were denominated 
Parishes — St. John's, St. Paul's, &c., eight in number; 
now they were called counties ; and, except Liberty, re- 
ceived their names from distinguished individuals in the 
English Parliament, who were opposing the war, and jus- 
tifying the Americans in their manly resistance to op- 
pressive taxation, without representation. The Constitu- 
tion was revised in '89 and '95. In 1831 or '2, a conven- 
tion suggested some alterations, specially in regard to 
representation, but the people did not sanction them. 

The sessions of our Legislature were held at Savannah 
till 1776 ; then the body met in Augusta. Its sessions 
were at Savannah and Augusta, as the perilous condition 
of the country would admit, till the close of the war. 
Major Prince could find no account of any session in 
1780. The Governor and Council were once at Ebene- 
zer, when it was dangerous to remain in either of the 
above cities. 

The first session at Louisville was held in the winter 
of 1795-96. 

In 1807, Milledgeville became the seat of Government, 
and the sessions of the Legislature have ever since been 
held in that place. — [M'Call, and Journals of the Legisla- 
ture.] 

Treaties, Acquisition of Territory, &c. 

By a royal charter of the King of England, dated 
June 9th, 1782, to General Oglethorpe and other trustees, 
the lands between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers 
were granted in trust; and, in 1763, the lands between 
the last river and St. Mary's. In 1780, General Ogle- 
thorpe held a treaty of friendship with the Creeks, at an 
Indian town, on the west bank of the Chattahoochee 
above the falls, called Coweta. 



By a treaty held at Auguafca, 1773, with the Greeks 
and Cherokees, the lands were acquired which now com- 
pose Wilkes, Lincoln, &c. ; and by another treaty at the 
same place, in 1783, the land was acquired up to the 
mouth of the Kiowe, and the line followed nearly the 
present line between Elbert and Franklin, leaving Daniels- 
ville a little south ; thence on the west to the source of the 
Appalachee ; and down this stream, the Oconee, and Al- 
tamaha, to an old Hue. The south part of this territory 
was, in the next year, named Washington county, and the 
north part Franklin. The treaty at Golphinton was held 
in 1785. Possession was obtained of the lands included 
in a line running south-west, from the fork of the Ocmul- 
gee and Oconee to the south stream of St. Mary's. 

The treaty at Shoulderbone, 1786, was not to acquire 
lands, but to establish the other treaties more permanently, 
and to secure the punishment of offenders. 

In 1 802, by a treaty held at Fort Wilkinson, just below 
Milledgeville, part of the lands between the Oconee and 
Ocmulgee was obtained. The line began on the Appa- 
lachee at the High shoals, leaving Madison four miles 
east, crossing Little river at Lumsden's Mills; Commis- 
sioners' creek at Bushing's Mills, and down Palmetto 
creek to the Oconee. In 1805, at Washington city, the 
remainder of the lands between the Oconee and the Oc- 
mulgee were acquired up to the mouth of the Alcovee 
river, the corner of Newton and Jasper counties. These 
lands were distributed by lotteries, and all since acquired. 

In 1814, General Jackson having conquered the Creeks 
on the Tallapoosa, made a treaty with them at Fort Jack- 
son on that river, by which the lands between the Chat- 
tahoochee and Altamaha were acquired. This territory 
includes Early, Baker, south part of Irwin, Appling, 
Ware, &c. The act to survey these lands was not passed 
till 1818. 

In 1817, by a treaty at the Cherokee agency, and by 
another at Fort Laurens, on the Flint river, in 1818, that 
territory which now includes Newton, Dekalb, Gwinnette, 
Walton, most of Hall, and Habersham, was acquired. 



RIVERS. J.5 

In 1819, by a treaty at Washington, Kabun county was 
obtained, and the western parts of Hall and Habersham 
to the Chestatee. 

In 1821, the lands between the Flint and the Ocmulgee 
were acquired by a treaty. Counties are Munroe, Bibb, 
Crawford, Dooly, Houston, Upson, Fayette, Pike, and 
Henry. 

In 1825, those between the Flint and Chattahoochee 
were acquired by a treaty at the Indian Springs. Counties 
Coweta, Campbell, Carroll, Troup, &;c. 

The Cherokee country was annexed to contiguous coun- 
ties for judicial purposes, in 1830; i. e., the laws of the 
State were extended over it, in order to punish crime, and 
bring offenders to j ustice ; for, prior to this, unprincipled 
men would secrete themselves in the nation, and no law 
could reach them, inasmuch as the Greorgia laws required 
that the criminal should be tried in the county in which 
the crime was committed; but the Cherokee country was 
no county^ and thus became a hiding-place for villains. 
It was under the operation of this law that the missiona- 
ries became obnoxious, as they would not take the oath 
to demean themselves like good citizens. 

After this the whole country was surveyed, but those 
lots on which the Indians resided were not to be taken pos- 
session of, unless the rights of occupancy were purchased ; 
this was done in many instances, aad the Indians removed 
west of the Mississippi. Now there are white settlers in 
all parts of that country. The right to the soil has 
always been maintained by Georgia. The last Chero- 
kees left in 1841. 

Rivers. 

The general course of our rivers, which can be seen 
on the map, is S. S. E., if we except that of the Flint 
and Chattahoochee, which is south, .flowing into the 
Gulf of Mexico. There is no rapid in ascending the 
Savannah, till you reach Augusta, above the 33^ N. 
Latitude. The/a?^ in the Oconee is further south ; and, 



16 KIVERS. 

as you advance west, the first rapids are still further 
south ; so that those in our western river are 32° 25^ In 
travelling from the seaboard, one wonld suppose the 
country so perfectly level for more than a hundred miles, 
that the streams would be very sluggish ; but they are 
much more rapid than those in the Northern States. 
While the tide finds its way up the Potomac to Wash- 
ington, 300 miles from the ocean, and the Hudson to 
Waterford, 160 ; it can get up our rivers but 20 or 30 
miles. This furnishes abundant proof that the bed and 
channel of our rivers are not so near on a level with the 
ocean as those in the more Northern States, gushing 
from high hills, and tumbling down inacessible moun- 
tains. Most of our rivers have their rise in the southern 
extremity of the Alleghany mountains ; and as there is 
no great descent in any of them at one place, they must 
descend imperceptibly very fast, so that their mouths may 
be on a level with the ocean. They rise so rapidly dur- 
ing heavy rains, and overflow their banks so far, that it 
is difficult to keep a bridge over or a mill upon them. 
They have no high banks like the northern rivers, but 
you are upon them before you entertain any suspicion 
that they are near. Exceptions to this remark may be 
made in regard to some parts of the Flint and Chatta- 
hoochee. 

Elijay river, an Indian word, emphasized on the 
last syllable, rises in Gilmer, and runs into Coosewatee in 
N. E. corner of Gordon. 

Notley river rises in the south part of Union county, 
runs N. W. into Tennessee. 

Toccoa river rises in the south part of Fannin, and runs 
N. into Tennessee. 

But the rivers are now very little used since the rail- 
roads are in operation. The Savannah is, however, an 
exception ; this is used as much as ever. The Altamaha 
and Chattahoochee to Columbus are also in use ; but a 
steamer seldom comes up to Milledgeville or Macon. 



RIVERS. 



17 



RIVERS, A. 

The following Is taken from the first edition, 1827 : — 



Names of Rivers. 




^3 

a >^ 
P 


li 

Si 


1 


i 
s 

■s 

1 


o 
1— t 

o 

-I 


Altamaha ... 


al20 
570 
140 
300 

25 
275 
290 
200 
130 
153 

90 
550 

25 


12 


120 
6180 








Chattahoochee. '^-TT' 





890 


;c470 


Canoochee . . . , 


f/50 


Flint 


■ 'ys5 


ddlOO 






200 


Newport 








Ocmulgee. /rT. 

Oconee 

Ogechee 

Ohoopie. . . / . 


/150 
A120 


150 
120 


^215 

iciho 


iiso 






MO 


Saint Ilia. . . 


7n48 

30 

ol8 

g 








wl08 


St Mary's 


60 








Savannah . T-fT 


»340 
18 





^410 


r490 


Turtle 





a To confluence of Oconee and Ocmulgee. 

b To Fort Mitchell. 

c To mouth of Chestatee ; Indians still in possession, and capacity not 
known ; but so far as explored seems to be navigable. 

d To mouth of Cedar creek in Tattnall. 

dd Steamers have been up to old Agency in Crawford. 

e To Sunbury. 

/To Macon. 

g To confluence of chief branches corner of Jasper. 

h To Milledgeville. 

i To Athens, though no produce has been floated so far ; boats have 
ascended to Barnet's shoals in Clarke. Thomas Terrell and others 
wrought on this river some 30 years ago. 

j To Fort Argyle. 

k To Louisville. 

I To mouth of Jack's creek in Emanuel. 

m To Burnt Fort in W. part of Camden — now in Charlton. 

n To Ellabka in Appling. 

o To Savannah ; p to Augusta ; q to Petersburg ; r to Mullen's Ford, 
Habersham. 

Since that time steamers have navigated the Coosa from Rome into 
Alabama. Boats of 10 tons have been down the Connesanga, and con- 
veyed flour, bacon, whisky, &c. , to Rome. 



18 FACE OF THE COUNTRY, ETC. 



Lakes and Ponds. 

In the Okefenoke swamp are two ]akes, and tbrongh- 
ont the sonth-western counties are many large ponds. 
In Oglethorpe is the Goose Pond ^ covering 20 or 80 acres, 
and one in Greene nearly as large. This latter one af- 
£&nfe abundance of fish ; and several individuals, in 1825, 
endeavored to drain it into the Oconee, to save the trouble 
of angling ; but, after several days of toilsome labor, the 
project was abandoned. 

Face of the Country. 

In regard to surface, Georgia may be divided into three 
sections ; the first extending from Florida, the southern 
boundary, to the Z2>° N. Latitude, is level ; the second, 
from the 38° to the 84°, is uneven; the third, from the 
34° to the 35°, is hilly and mountainous. The second sec- 
tion is the most populous. 

Soil. 

In the southern section the soil is sandy, with rich low 
grounds. Where pine only grows, the soil is not so produc- 
tive ; but where other kinds of timber gTow with the pine, 
it is generally fertile. In the middle section the soil is a 
red loam, and remarkably fertile. In the northern, there 
is a grey gravelly soil, and it is quite productive. It is not 
pretended that these three kinds of soil are confined to 
parallels of latitude, exclusively, to the several sections 
named ; but that they generally prevail in these sections 
is obvious to all acquainted with the State. 

Productions. 

In the southern section only rice is cultivated for ex- 
portation. The sea-island or hlack-seed cotton, which is 
generally worth twice as much as the green-seed^ grows 
kindly in all the lower parts of this section. The sugar- 



^ CLIMATE. 19 

cane has been in successful cultivation for several years, 
and many hogsheads of sugar are raised on the planta- 
tions and sold in the country, but none has been exported.* 
Oranges, figs, olives, pomegranates, and most of the 
tropical fruits grow here. 

Corn, sweet-potatoes, peaches, &c., &c., grow abundantly 
in all parts of the State. 

In the middle and northern sections, the green-seed cot- 
ton is cultivated, and some tobacco. Upland or dry-cul- 
ture rice is raised here by many families for their own 
use. 

Climate. 

The mercury in Fahrenheit usually fluctuates from 
75° to 86° between April and October. Governor El- 
lis says it rose as high as 102°, in 1757, in Savannah ; 
but it has not in that city been higher than 94° in 
several years. At Eatonton, and in Wilkes county, in 
1827-8, it never rose higher than 96°. An Augusta pa- 
per, on the 5th June, 1828, says, " The mercury is to-day 
up to 92°, as high as it has been in two years."f The 
frost falls in the middle section of the State about the 
middle of October ; the earliest for the last ten years fell 
on the 10th October, 1819. There was no frost in 1796 
and 1822, till about the 20th December. The mercury 
falls every winter almost as low as 20° : sometimes to 
16°. 

In 1774 there was a severe frost in May, which killed 
large trees. In January, 1827, the Oconee river was 
frozen over near Milledgeville, and the Savannah at Au- 
gusta, a circumstance never before knowD. The winter 
of 1828 was unusually mild, the mercury ranging, in the 
first ten days of January, from 64° to 76° ! The jessa- 
mine, woodbine, althea, hyacinth, and jonquil, were in 
all the verdure of spring. Watermelons and shad were 

* 1828 may be considered a new epoch in the culture of sugar, when 
probably some hundred hogsheads were raised. 

f July, 1859 and 1860. Mercury was several times 98 to 100 degrees. 
In the United States and Europe, it was higher than ever known before. 



20 CLIMATE. 

in the Savannah, and Macon markets. The China and 
plum-trees were in bloom in the up-countrj. Many per- 
sons lost all their meat. On the 5th of April, there was 
a mighty change ; the mercury fell to 26°, much lower 
than it had been all winter. Small creeks were frozen 
over half an inch thick. The corn and cotton were 
killed, and some trees ! In the first of September, it 
was down to 52°, — lower than was ever recollected to 
have been before so early. 

The December of 1828 was also unusually warm. 
Flies were troublesome to horses ; musquitos were buz- 
zing about ; the sun was oppressive to the traveller ; and 
the mercury at Eatonton, on the 11th instant, was up to 
74° at 8 P. M. ! 

On the 10th January, 1828, the captain of an English 
vessel presented Mr. Cowper, of St. Simon's Island, with 
a few peas which he had brought from England. On 
the 27th of February, thirty-seven days after, Mr. C. 
complimented the captain with a peck of fine green 
peas, a part of the produce of the seed which he had 
given him I 

So warm was this winter, that the cotton plant in some 
places was not killed, and sprouts from the old roots 
sprung up and produced a new crop, without the labor of 
planting. 

All the winter of 1828-9 was very mild, till the 9th of 
January, 1829. On the 9th, at 4 P. M., the mercury was 
at 76°, and on the 11th, at 6 A. M., it was down to 16°, — 
a change of 60 degrees in about 36 hours I The remain- 
der of the winter and spring was colder than ever before 
known. Scarcely a night of February or March but in 
which there was frost. No peach bloom was seen till 
about the 1st of April ; whereas they generally appear 
about the 1st of February. 

There is no purer water nor any healthier climate on 
the globe than is found in the northern section of this 
State. Many individuals have seen the frosts of a hun- 
dred winters. In the months of August, September, and 
October, the bilious fever obtains in the lower and mid- 



CLIMATE. * 21 

die sections of the State ; but for the two last years very 
few deaths have been occasioned by it. 

1830, June 1. Mercury down to 60° — so cool that 
much cotton dies. It is reported that snow fell in Kabun. 

June, July, August, September, and October, without 
rain, except some partial showers. 

Camp and Tobler's creeks, in Jones and Baldwin, and 
Eichland, in Greene, nearly dry — a little water in holes. 
Earth not wet one inch in Greenesboro', from 1st June 
till 8th November ! Persons came from Washington, in 
Wilkes, 40 miles, to Parke's mill ; there were counted 72 
wagons and carts at a time, waiting for grists. 

September 20. Slight frost. 

September 29. Frost which killed vines, and leaves 
on some trees ; never before known so early. Yet all 
October and most of November the heat was oppressive, 
and no general killing frost till the 11th December. Cot- 
ton was in bloom the day before. 

All November was said by the Northern papers to be 
rainy and cloudy. In Boston the sun was not visible for 
11 days. In Georgia there was rain but 4 or 5 days, and 
these were the Sabbaths ; the rest of the timiB it was clear 
and dry. 

1831, January 14. Snow, and it continued, in the shade, 
some days. 

February 6. Snow; six to eight inches. Ground was 
almost constantly frozen in the morning, for near two 
months. 

April 8. Heavy rains. In Hall county, snow that 
covered the ground ! 

April 11 and 12. Frost that killed beans and po- 
tatoes in gardens ; severer in Augusta than at Milledge- 
ville. 

May 10. Frost and some ice, though not to injure veg- 
etation. 

May 25 and 26. Frost near Savannah ; in Monroe 
and Pike, it touched the corn and cotton, and bit the 
beans. 

July 1 and 11 and 12. Very cool ; mercury down to 



22 CLIMATE. 

64° ; not higher than 88° in Eatonton up to 15th instant, 
nor above 90° in Milledgeville. Northern papers com- 
plain of excessive hot weather. 

August 9. Yery cool ; mercury down to 66°. 

August 14. Sun had a singularly green appearance, 
shorn of its beams, and spots could be seen with the 
naked eye. Eain almost incessantly till middle of Sep- 
tember — fodder spoiled. 

October 4. Slight frost. 

1832, February 2. " We have rarely, if ever, had 
such weather in Georgia. On the 26th January, the 
thermometer stood at 7° above zero, or 25° below freez- 
ing point." 

" Weather more intensely cold than we recollect ever 
to have known it. In 1816, the severe cold of a few 
days was longer remembered. On Friday last, thermom- 
eter was 6° above zero. The novel scene of skating par- 
ties was exhibited in the vicinity of the town." — Milledge- 
ville papers. 

China trees were killed, and put forth next spring from 
the ground. 

May 24 and 25. Yery cool. 

June 6 to 10. Yery cool ; a fire every morning com- 
fortable and even needed. 

June 19 to 23. Yery cool, with stifp north-east breeze. 
Persons changed their summer for winter clothing ; fire 
was kept up in sitting-rooms all day, and students sought 
the sun to study in rather than the shadi. 

October 1. Frost. 

1833, March 1. Terrible wind and rain; blew down 
houses, chimneys, and buildings, and destroyed sovenil 
lives. 

March 3. Sabbath coldest this season. 

March 29. Slight snow in middle section ; mountains 
covered in upper part of State. 

April 6 and 7. Heavy rains — water higher than 
known for twenty years. IS'ot a bridge left on the Ap- 
palachee river. The rains all winter and spring heavier 
than usual. 



CLIMATE. 23 

July. Warmest weather constantly that we have ever 
had. 

August 15. Cool for fifteen days, so that fir e is pleas- 
ant. Wind north-east, but no rain. 

1835, January 8. At night snow fell eight inches, 
and thirteen in Troupe and Pike ; seldom known at such 
a depth. 

February 3. Four inches snow . 

February 8. Mercury 3° below zero in Baton ton, in a 
close passage, and 8° below zero in open air in Milledge- 
ville ! Nothing like this ever known before in Greorgia. 
The snow of 8th January was only five inches in Chero- 
kee, 150 miles north of Milledgeville, very little at Au- 
gusta, none in Charleston, and none in Petersburgh, Va. 
Tlie cold weather in Kew England was about the 25th 
January, when the mercury froze ; but it did not reach 
us till the 7th and 8th of February ; in Florida i t was not 
so severe till the 4th of March, when most of the orange- 
trees were killed. 

" A Lapland Winter. — We continue the record of 
the weather (which with us has little mitigation of sever- 
ity since Saturday night) in such parts of the country as 
we have accounts from — it being acknowledged on all 
hands to be more rigorous than ever before known. 

'' In New Haven, on Monday, at 8 A. M., Professor 
Silliman's thermometer was 23 degrees below zero ! A 
gentleman who has been in the habit of making notations 
of the weather for forty -four years, states that he never 
knew the mercury before more than 16 degrees below 
the cipher. The famed cold 'winter of '79-80, according 
to the notes of President Styles, in the month of January, 
was only at 19 degrees. 

" The extremes of cold on Sunday or on Monday 
morning were, at Lowell, Mass., 24 degrees below zero ; 
at Concord, Mass., 27; Dorchester 22; Worcester 19; 
Woonsocket Falls, E. L, 24 ; Montreal 35 ; Branford, 
Conn., 16 ; Saratoga Springs 33 ; Poughkeepsie 33, 13 
degrees lower than ever before known ; Troy 28, 7 de- 
grees lower than since the present century commenced ; 



24 CLIMATE. 

Northampton, Mass., 38 ; many wells were frozen at the 
depth of fourteen feet from the surface, and a colt was 
frozen in a stable ; Providence and Smithfield, E. I., 26 ; 
Elizabethtown, N. J., 18 ; Utica 84; New Lebanon 89; 
Schenectady SS] Belleville, N. J., 20."— iV. Y. Com, 
Adv. 

January 15. Tremendous thunder shower. One flash 
in Eatonton killed two cows and two hogs ; a chimney 
was struck in Savannah. Three or four showers and 
heavy thunder up to the close of the month ; then the 
cold weather begins. 

The summer of 1835 unusually cool. Most of Sep- 
tember cool as October is ordinarily. Frost on the 26th 
September. 

October 6. Killing frost, but in five days the weather 
turned warm as summer, and so continued till the last of 
November. The gardens flourished ; cotton, which had 
lost its leaves, again shot forth, and the crop was greatly 
increased. 

May 18 and 14. Severe hail storm near Macon. 

1886. Winter of 1886-6 mild in comparison with the 
preceding. Last part of November severe frost and ice ; 
then mild till the 25th of January,- 1886 ; then cold two 
weeks ; mercury down to 12 degrees above zero — 20 de- 
grees warmer than February, 1885. 

March 11. Slight snow, hardly enough to cover the 
ground — only one during the winter. 

December 5. Snow 4 inches ; 6 in Norfolk, but none 
in Eichmond. No snow in Georgia before Christmas for 
many, many years ! 

It is very evident that our winters are becoming 
colder. 

1887, February. Snow 4 or 5 inches, and also in 
•March ; not much during the winter. 

March 8. Violent hail storm at Zebulon ; stones as 
large as hen's eggs ; destroyed windows and killed one 
horse. 

May 7. Snow in upper part of the State, loading the 
trees. — Papers, 



COUNTIES, 



ALPHABETICALLY, 



"With the Towns, Villages, and Public Places in 
them,— Rivers, Creeks, &c. 

1. Appling County is bounded on the N". by Alta- 
maha river, which separates it from Montgomery and 
Tatnall, E. by Wayne, S. by Wayne, Pierce and Ware, 
and W. by Coffee. It is still a large county, though it 
has supplied most of Coffee county with its dimensions. 
Head streams of St. Ilia river are in this county. The 
title claimed by the Creek Indians to this territory was 
extinguished by the treaty at Fort Jackson, Ala., and 
organized in 1818. Post offices as by II. S. List, are 
Holmesville, the capital, Cook's store, 12 W. C. l\,, 
Reddishville or Rushville in S. E. part, Hall near Camp 
Ground N. part, and Middleton's store in IST. E. Public 
'places are Initial Point and Scriven on the K. K. from 
Savannah in S. E. corner. Fort James and Oglethorpe 
Bluff on Altamaha river in the N. E., beside several 
other Bluffs. 

Holmesville contains the usual public buildings, and 
but few houses and stores; it is some 120 miles S. E. M. 

This county received its name in honor of Col. Daniel 
Appling, a native of Columbia Co., Ga. Col. A. was 
born in 1787, was a soldier in war of 1812, captured a 
number of British at Lake Ontario, died 1817 in Ala- 
bama. 

2. Baker County was created out of Early in 1825, 
lying in the S. W. part of the state. The counties of 
Dougherty and Calhoun are on the North, Mitchell on 

2 



26 BALDWIN. 

the East; Flint river forms the eastern boundary. 
Decatur is on the South, and Miller and Early on the 
West. Ichaway-nochaway creek, running through the 
county, falls into Flint near southern corner. 

Nticton was made the capital in 1831, and contains 
the usual public buildings; it stands on the Flint, near 
the mouth of Coolewahee creek, in the 8th District of 
Old Early, 20 m. S. Albany. 

The county was named for Col. John Bciker, a soldier 
in the Revolutionary war, given in 1825. He died in 
Sunbury, soon after the war. 

3. Baldwin County is in the central part of the 
State, cut in twain by the Oconee. It is bounded on 
the N. by Putnam, west of the river, and by Hancock 
E. of it; E. by Hancock and a corner of Washington ; 
S. by Wilkinson, and W. by Jones. Town creek was 
formerly the eastern boundary ; but lately a strip E. of 
it has been annexed from Hancock. The south part 
of the county is sandy, and produced in 1828, on Mr. 
Boykin's plantation, fine specimens of sugar cane, giving 
assurance to the inhabitants of the metropolis that, in 
a few years, they need not go far for the luxury of sugar. 
The north part is red clay. 

This county was purchased of the Creeks in 1802, and 
it extended to the High Shoals on the Appalachee. The 
courts were held for some time at Hill8boro\ a small 
village, now containing a few log-houses and a dram 
shop, 6 miles East of Eatonton. Population 9,091. 
Milledgeville is the capital. The whole nlimber of 
Banks in the State is 21. Amount of Poor School 
fund received $960 60, and all expended. The trustees 
of this fund report 200 children, who, according to the 
provisions of the law ought to share in its benefits; but 
the fund is insufficient to educate them all. Academic 
funds received $1,267 05. 

Milledgeville^ p.t. and cap. Baldwin county, and named 
in honor of Governor Milledge, is the seat of Govern- 
ment for Georgia, and is situated on the west side of the 
Oconee river at ?the head of steamboat navigation, in 



BALDWIN. * 27 

Latitude 83° 4' 10''. West Long, from Washington, 6° 
19'. This town is 659 miles S. W. Washington City; 
l,584S.W.KobbinstoQ, in Maine; 158 K W. Savannah; 
89 W. S. W. Augusta; 193 K Darien ; 71 S. Athens; 
82 E. K E. Macon, and 125 E. N. E. Columbus. 

The act of the Legislature, in which Commissioners were 
appointed to lay off the town, was passed in May, 1808, 
and by the original plan contains twenty streets, to most 
of which are given names of distinguished patriots. The 
first building, constructed of logs, was erected in 1804. 
on Franklin street, on Mr. Baxter's lot ; and the first 
framed house was put up by Gen. Scott, in 1805, and 
was standing 1829, a two-story building, on the corner 
of Franklin and Elbert streets, diagonally from Jackson 
Hall. For some years, most of the buildings were erect- 
ed and business done east of the State House ; but now 
the town is travelling westward from the hurried atmos- 
phere of the river and Fishing creek, and the hum of ac- 
tivity is heard on Wayne street. 

The State House stands on an eminence, three-fourths 
of a mile from the river, exhibiting a tasteful appearance, 
of Gothic architecture. In this are rooms for the Legis- 
lature during its sessions, the offices of the Governor, 
Secretary of State, Treasurer, Comptroller, and Surveyor 
General, beside apartments for Clerks and Committees, 
and several fire proof rooms for public records. 

The Kepresentative Hall is 60 by 54 feet, ornamented 
with full length portraits of Franklin and La Fayette, 
and the Senate Chamber with those of Washington and 
Jefferson. In the Executive office is an old portrait of 
Oglethorpe, sitting, dressed in an antique costume, and 
examining the map of Georgia. This building, with the 
wing erected at the N. end in 1828, cost $115,000. The 
cost of an excellent clock in the cupola was $1,000. En- 
larged since. 

The other public buildings are, a State arsenal, three 
stories high, containing implements of war-; Government 
house, houses of worship for the Methodists, Baptists, and 
Presbyteiians, the dimensions of which are about 60 by 



28 BALDWIN. 

40 feet, a Market House, containing a room for the meet- 
ing of the town police, Penitentiary, Court-honse, Jail, 
Academy, and several Banks. 

Since the seat of Government has become permanently 
fixed here, considerable improvements have been made 
in buildings, and some new ones erected. The river op- 
posite the town is 560 feet wide, over which is an ex- 
cellent bridge, private property, which cost about 
$20,000 ; the income for tolls is about $3,000. The prin- 
cipal cotton warehouses were a mile and a half from 
town till 1828, when a lock was completed, so that boats 
can ascend to the bridge. From 4,000 to 8,000 bags on- 
ly are deposited in Milledgeville annually, and 'yet it is 
in the heart of a cotton country. 

Freights, per bag, in February, 1828, were $2 to 
Savannah, and $2 50 with insurance. There seems to 
be no spirit to invite the planters here, — no purchasers 
are waiting, and yet 5 and 600 bags can be taken 
down the river at a time, and 70 tons brought back in 
return. The railroad now takes all the cotton. 

From the presses in this town, there go forth weekly 
6 or 7,000 newspapers. 

The surface of this place is quite uneven, the soil is 
red, and but few of the streets have good sidewalks. It 
has been healthy for the past two years, scarcely a case 
of fever having been known. Should it be sickly, a 
healthy retreat is found at a distance of three miles, in 
the pine lands south. Augusta also is supplied with a 
safe retreat on the sand hills. 

The Legislature held its first session here in 1807. The 
net amount of postage accruing at the post-office here in 
1827 was $2,240 45 ; in 1828, $2,489 26. 

Milledgeville was constituted a city by the Legislature 
in December, 1836, and is now governed by a Mayor and 
six Aldermen. An addition has been made to the State 
House, a wing has been added to correspond with that at 
the north-western end. A large Masonic Hall, with 
stores in the basement story, has been erected. A new 
Bank, the Milledgeville Bank, with a branch in Augusta 
has been established. 



bajn^ks. 29 

The post-offices are Black Spring E. of tlie river, and 
Talmage at Midway village, the site of Oglethorpe Uni- 
versity, some 2 miles S. of the Court-house. Scottshord' 
is 5 niiles S. W. in the pine woods, containing about a 
dozen houses. Some years ago it had a flourishing Fe- 
male School, and attracted boarders from a distance ; now 
it is a very quiet spot, and a pleasant retreat from the bus- 
tle of the capital. It furnishes much fruit, apples, peach- 
es, grapes, &c. Its contiguity to the State capital would 
induce the belief that it is a place of refinement. Popu- 
lation of Milledgeville 2,229— in the county 7,876— 
families 719. In 1858, 5,029 bags of cotton. 

Midivdy contains Oglethorpe University, some 50 
families, and a mixed school of respectable grade; by the 
late census there are 700 souls probably, including all 
the pupils in college and schools. Huson, Mt. ISTebo, 
Sandtown, Whiting, and Woodville are residences and 
public places, but quite small. 

Fort Wilkinson^ on the Oconee, 2 or 3 miles S., is the 
spot where the treaty was held with the Creek Indians 
in 1802, by which much of the land between the Oconee 
and'Ocmulgee was acquired. This territory was divided 
into two counties: the southern part Wilkinson, north-" 
ern, Baldwin; the seat of justice for the latter was called 
Hillshoro\ and located 6 m. E. of Eatonton. In 1807, it 
was divided into Jones, Laurens, Telfair, Putnam, and 
Eandolph ; this latter was changed in 1812 to Jasper. 

Abraham Baldwin^ after whom this county was named, 
a graduate of Yale College, settled in Columbia Co. in 
1783. He was one of the founders of Franklin College, 
1785 ; Senator in Congress ; helped to form the Federal 
Constitution ; died in A^^asliington city, 1807. 

4. Banks County was organized in 1858, from the 
counties of Habersham, Fi-anklin, and others. It has 7 
post-offices ; the cap. Homer. Head waters of Broad 
river are in this county. Homer is on west side of Hud- 
son river, on the road from Gainesville to Carnesville ; 
new place. 

Doctor Banks^ after Avhom it was named, had been 



30 BERRIEN — BIBB. 

senator from the adjoining county, Hall, a number of 
years, and was succeeded by his son ; he was a man of 
influence in our Legislature. 

5. Berrien" County was formed out of Irwin chiefly, 
in 1856. The AUapaha is its eastern boundary, dividing 
it from Coffee and Clinch ; Lowndes and Brooks are on 
the south ; Colquitt and Worth on the west, separated 
by Little river; Irwin on the north. Withlacoochee 
rises in this county. 

Nashville is the capital, but a small place, as the county 
has been so lately organized ; it is located S. E. from the 
centre ; Ava P. O. is on the west side, and Milltown in the 
S. E. corner; Hahira is S. W. from C. H. 

This county perpetuates , the name of John McPherson 
Berrien, judge of our courts, Attorney General under 
Gen. Jackson, Senator in Congress many years. President 
of Ga. His. Soc, one of our most distinguished and 
talented men ; born in N. J., 1781 ; died in Savannah, 
1856. 

6. Bibb County is bounded N. by Monroe; N. E. 
by Jones; E. by Twiggs; South by Houston, and W. 
by Crawford. The Ocmulgee runs through the eastern, 
and the Tobesofskee through the central part. The soil 
in the northern part is red loam, in the southern sandy. 
Sugar-cane has been successfully cultivated in this 
county. The academy fund received is $,1,269 42, 
$525 85 of which is expended. There are three incor- 
porated academies in the county, Macon, Washington, 
and Lake academies, at each of which, in 1828, there 
were 45, 30, and 80 pupils. 

Macon, p. t. and cap., Bibb county, and named after 
Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, long President of 
the U. S. Senate, is situated on both sides of the Ocmul- 
gee river, 32 miles W. S. W. Milledgeville, 12 S. W. Clin- 
ton, 80 N. E. Perry, 22 E. Knoxville, and 25 S. E. For- 
syth ; estimated population, 8,500. 

No place has risen up with greater rapidity than 
Macon. The first lots were sold^ 6tli and 7th March, 
1828. The first cabin was built here by Thomas Tatum, 



BIBB. 31 

in 1822, on Walnut street, on the lot now owned by 
Major Napier ; now it contains more than 200 inhabited 
bouses, many of which are neat, and some very large, 43 
stores, 11 groceries and confectioneries, beside druggists, 
and mechanics of all kinds, 8 doctors, and 12 lawyers. 

The Court-house stands on Bridge street, three stories 
high, 93 by 47 feet, with a cupola, and has a fine ap- 
pearance from Fort Hawkins, on the east side of the 
river. In the basement story are apartments for offices 
of various descriptions, in the second are large rooms for 
the Superior Court and for county purposes, in the third 
the offices of the clerks. 

The streets in Macon run N. "W. and S. E., and are 
alternately 180 and 120 feet wide, i. e. Wharf street, the 
one parallel with the river and near it, is 180 feet, the 
next parallel one is 120 ; so those which meet at right 
angles. Until the spring of 1828, the incorporation 
covered only the west side of the river ; then 20 acre 
lots, beside many 10 acre ones, were sold, and the pur- 
chasers are putting up good buildings. 

A fine bridge, beside the Railroad bridge, connects both 
parts of the town. This was built by the State, cost 
$9,200; was rented the first quarter of 1828 for $1,802 
50, and the second for $925. It is now sold to the town 
for $25,000, and ten years allowed to make the payments. 
Cotton and corn pass over toll-free. 

As a commercial place, Macon has many advantages : 
it is in the heart of a thickly settled and fertile country, 
and on a navigable river. Though steamboats have 
been up, the produce and merchandise are transported 
on flat-bottomed boats. Thirty or forty boats are owned 
here, and they carry at a time from 400 to 700 bags of 
cottoD, and return with 70 and 80 tons. On both sides 
of the river are thirteen warehouses. 

Macon received as the crop of 1824, 4,000 bags cot- 
ton ; of 1825. 17,000 bags ; of 1826, 30,000 ; of 1827, 
a dry year, 1,700 ; of 1828, about 39,000. The price of 
freight to Savannah varies from 62i to 75 cents per 
hundred, and has been as high as a dollar. 



52 BIBB. 

Within nine miles of Macon are 14 Saw and 9 Grist 
mills ; five are on Swift creek. The Macon Bank is a 
fine three story building. There are also here branches 
of the Darien Bank, of the Fire Insurance, and an 
agency of the State Bank. The net amount of postage 
accruing to the United States in this place for 1827 was 
$1,665 12, and for 1828, $2,124 47. 

Hitherto Macon has been very healthy, though its 
friends have entertained fears that it would be sickly. 

Several attempts were made in the Legislature to re- 
move the seat of Government from Milledgeville, and 
make Macon the metropolis, — but a final decision was 
made in 1827, and $20,000 appropriated to enlarge the 
State House, and which has been accomplished. But 
this has not repressed the anxieties of the people to 
settle in this thriving town, for new houses are starting 
up all around almost as rapidly as the mushroom of the 
night. 

Five weekly papers are published here, and there are 
3 bookstores with pretty good assortments of books. 

Female College completed in 1889. Has 150 pupils. 

In the winter of 1817 and '18, Mr. Eoger McCall 
went down the river with 500 bags of cotton, principal- 
ly from Jones's county. This was the first cotton that 
went from Macon (that now is). 

1818, Eoger McCall and Harrison Smith built three 
boats, carrying 300, 350, and 400 bags ; first boats, built 
here. 

1822, town was laid out and surveyed. James 
Webb, Surveyor. 

1823, first lots were sold ; 1828, last lots, with re- 
serve, were sold. Lots were sold in each intermediate 
year. 

1125, first Bank located here. — Darien branch, Sam- 
uel Wood, Cashier. 

1827, first steamboat came to Macon, owned by Jno. 
T. Lamar. Steamer run but a short time ; resumed in 
1833. 

1834, Commons (70 lots) sold by order of Council. 



BROOKS. 83 

1837, commons (100 lots or more) sold by order of 
Council. 

There are 5 houses of worship, 1 cotton factory, 3 
foundries, 2 variety works for sash, &c., 2 furniture fac- 
tories, 4 carriage factories, female college, free school, 
several select and private schools, 6 hotels, several board- 
ing houses, 175 stores, 2 banks, 4 agencies. 100,000 
bags of last crop cotton sold here. Academy for blind is in 
Macon. 

Doctor Wm. W. Bibb, after whom this county was 
named, a Virginian by birth, settled in Wilkes; was 
Member of Congress, 1813-16 ; first governor of Alabama, 
appointed by President Madison ; died in 1824. 

The population of Macon is over 11,000. A Wesley- 
an Female College, the first chartered in the state, is in 
Macon, and Southern Botanical College. 

7. Brooks County was created out of Thomas and 
Lowndes, in 1858. Little Eiver runs through the north- 
east corner about half its length, where it falls into the 
Withlacoochee river, which separates it from Lowndes 
to the Florida line : Thomas is on the west ; Colquitt and 
Berrien on the north ; Ocopilco and Piscola creeks fall 
into AVithlacoochee. 

Morven is a post village in the N. E., and Tallokas in 
the N. W., Mineral Spring in S. E., near Withlacoochee 
river. 

Quitman is the seat of justice, a new place, in 12th 
District, near middle road from Thamasville to Troup- 
ville, two miles from the Ocopilco river, on the line of 
the Savannah Eailroad. A few houses and stores are 
erected. Daily stage from Thomasville via Milltown to 
terminus of railroad crossing river at Radford's Mills, 
sonie 165 miles from Savannah, and about 30 east from 
Thomasville. 

Preston G, Brooks was Member of Congress from S. C. 
He acquired much notoriety in the South for castigating 
Charles Sumner, senator from Mass., who had, in his speech, 
abused Gen. Butler, senator from South Carolina. Mr. 
S. was a rank abolitionist, and Mr. Brooks supposed this 
2* 



84 . BRYAN — BULLOCH. 

the only way to obtain satisfaction. This Co. was named 
after him. 

8. BuYAN County is in the S. E. part of the State. 
Bounded on the N. by Ballock ; N. E. by Chatham ; E. 
by the Atlantic ; and S. by Liberty. The Ogechee sepa- 
rates this county from Chatham, and the Cannouchee 
runs nearly diagonally through it. It chief produce is 
rice. The Court-house is four miles N. E. Cannouchee, 
174 S. E. Milledgeville, 26 W. Savannah. This county 
was represented in the convention for revising the con- 
stitution by Judge Clay, who afterwards became a most 
distinguished minister, and died in Boston, Pastor of the 
First Baptist church. From its contiguity to the ocean 
and marshes, the roads, in several of these neighboring 
counties, are made with great difficulty. For crossing 
the Ogechee bridge and causeway, W. of it, with a four- 
wheel carriage, you pay two dollars ; for a gig, one dol- 
lar ; horse, twenty-five cents ; but this has been made 
at great expense. 

Eden is the capital, some 4 miles from Cannouchee 
river, containing the usual public buildings, but few 
houses. 

Hmxlwkk is in S. E. part near the Ogechee, and was 
suggested by some early Governor to make it the capi- 
tal of the State, instead of Savannah ; it has never at- 
tained any size, for its contiguity to the river must ren- 
der it a sickly spot. Old Fort Argyle was in this coun- 
ty erected by the Carolinians before Georgia was 
settled. 

Jonathan Bryan^ after whom this county was named, 
was one of the first Judges in this State — one of the 
Commissioners of the Treaty at Dewit's corner, 1777 — 
member of Governor's council in 1774, but resigned be- 
cause he opposed the Governor's designs. He resided 
on Wilmington Island after the War, universally be- 
loved. 

9. Bulloch County is bounded on the K by Scull's 
creek, which separates it from Emanuel; E. by the 
Ogechee, parting it from Scriven and Effingham ; S. by 



BURKE. S5 

Liberty, and W. b}^ Tatnall. Much of the land is 
poor. 

Staieshoro' is the capital, and continues small. Bengal 
and Mill Ray are post-offices. County laid out in 
1796. 

Archibald Bulloch was among the first patriots that 
advised resistance against England ; Member of Con- 
gress 1775, and helped form our State Constitution in 
1777 ; was President of the Provincial Council of Geor- 
gia in 1776. 

10. Burke County has Richmond on the N., the Sa- 
vannah on the E., Scriven on the S., Emanuel on the 
S. W., and Jefferson on the W. Much of the soil is 
fertile, and many wealthy inhabitants reside here. The 
red calcareous earth is found in some spots. A rotten 
limestone pervades many parts of the county, and ren- 
ders the water bad. 

Burke county has in it a great number of ponds, 
some large enough to be denominated lakes ; one is 
called Heshman's lake. It must of course be sickly. 
The site for public buildings loas a mile or two east of 
Waynesboro', on Mcintosh creek. Here the jail stood 
during the Revolutionary war, and a considerable bat- 
tle was fought near it. The soil is fertile, enriched by 
the marine deposits made when the Atlantic pushed its 
waves over the whole country. Many of the inhabi- 
tants spend their summers at Bath and at Mount Enon. 

Wayneshorough^ p. t. and cap., Burke county, and 
named after General Anthony Wayne, is 80 miles E. Mil- 
ledgeville, 4 from Briar creek, 25 E. Louisville, 80 S. S. 
W. Augusta, and contains C. H., Jail, houses of worship 
for Presbyterians and Methodists, 25 dwellings, 6 stores, 
and seven offices and shops. 

This town has increased in size since the R, R. from 
Millen to Augusta has been constructed, as it runs near 
its eastern border. Barton, Birdsville, Bark Camp, Gush- 
ing, and Brushy creek are public places. 

Alexander is a post village, 12 miles S. E. C. H., with 
a meeting-house, school, store, mechanics, &c. 



56 BUTTS. 

Bark Camp M. H. in W. part is a public jDlace. 

Birdsville is a small village in the south part. So'me 
18 or 14 post-offices in this county. David Emanuel re- 
sided in this county, and Lyman Hall's mortal remains 
sleep in the N. E. corner, near Savannah river. 

Edmund Burke was a member of Parliament, and a 
warm friend of the Colonies in the Kevolutionary strug- 
gle. This Co. named after him 1777. 

St. Glair is a small place in the north-western part, 
near Bushy creek M. H., and some years ago had a P. 
O. Grove Mount and Waterloo are places of resort. 

Rev, Edmund Botsford preached in this Co. in 1771, and 
organized the church at Botsford's M. H., east of C. H. 

Rev. James Matthews preached to this church about 
1786. 

Rev. Edmund Byne, as early as 1785, proclaimed the 
gospel here. 

11. Butts County was taken from Henry and Monroe 
in 1825. Newton is on the north, separated by S. Ocmul- 
gee. The Ocmulgee separates it from Jasper on the east, 
Monroe on the south, and Henry on the west. The In- 
dian Springs — the most fashionable resort in this state — 
are in the south part of this county. The soil is not very 
fertile, though there is quite a dense population settled 
on it. 

Jackson, p. t. and cap., Butts county, named in honor 
of General Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United 
States, is situated 55 miles N. W. Milled gevill e ; 8 W. 
Cargill's Ferry, on the Ocmulgee ; 4 N. Indian Springs ; 
20 W. Monticello; 25 E. Zebulon; 17 S. E. McDon- 
ough, and contained, in February, 1828, seventeen 
houses, nine stores, two doctors, and nine mechanic 
shops, three law offices, houses of worship for the Meth- 
odists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, 0. H., jail, and acad- 
emy. This latter building, 45 by 25 feet, and two stories 
high, was erected and finished, except chimneys and plap- 
tering, for $475 ! Carpenter's work will fall in price 
when we have mechanics enough to hold more competi- 
tion. The C. H. of brick, nearly completed in February, 



CALHOUN — CAMDEN. 37 

1828, was consumed by fire, to the loss of the contractor, 
Col. Hitchcock, of four or five thousand dollars. A ne- 
gro was at work at night, and drojoped a candle, which fell 
through the loose floor, among the rubbish below, and 
the roof was in a few minutes in a blaze. — It has grown 
very much. 

Indian Springs are in this county, a very fashionable 
watering place. Seven Islands cotton factory is on the 
Ocmulgee river. 

This county perpetuates the name of Capt. Sam. Butts, 
of Hancock, a soldier in Floyd's army, killed at the battle 
of Chalibbee, in Alabama, 27th January, 1814 ; born in 
Yirginia, 1774. 

Jesse Mercer died in this county, September, 1841, at 
the house of the Eev. James Carter, 4 miles N. Indian 
Springs : his remains interred at Penfield. Mr. Carter 
died in 1858, aged about 60; moderator of Flint River 
Association; of moderate talents, but of deep piety. 

12. Calhoun County was erected out of north part of 
Early, in 1854. Ichaway-nochaway, a large creek, runs 
south centrally through the county. 

Morgan is the capital, with public buildings, 50 to 60 
houses, Methodist and Baptist meeting-houses, and acad- 
emy where the languages are taught ; 30 miles W. Al- 
bany. 

Whitney is 4 miles west of Court-house, with a dozen 
houses, tannery, academy, &c. This place was settled 
chiefly by Presbyterians from S. C. 

Pachitta is a Presbyterian meeting-house, 6 miles S., 
but no village. Concord, Hop well, and Pleasant Hill 
are also public places. 

John C. Calhoun was one of South Carolina's most 
distinguished sons, a graduate of Yale College, Secretary 
of War, Vice-President with Jackson, again in the Cabi- 
net, Senator many years in Congress ; he was the idol of 
his native State. 

13. Camden County forms tlie S. S. Easterl}^ corner 
of the State. The St. Mary's is the southern boundary; 
the St. Ilia the western most of the way, and then runs 



88 CAMPBELL — CARROLL. 

diagonally tlirougli it; Little St. Ilia the eastern. 
Charlton county has diminished the dimensions of 
Camden. Gren. John Floyd resided and died in this 
county after 1829. 

Jeffersonton^ on the St. Ilia, in S. W. part of the county, 
is the capital ; 25 miles N. N. W. St. Mary's, 28 S. W. 
Brunswick, and 50 S. W. Darien. Sloops sail up to the 
town. 75 to 85 houses. 

St. Mary's is a port of entry, 6 m. from the ocean, and 
said to be one of the most pleasant and healthy towns in 
the State. Population over 1000 ; Methodist and Pres- 
byterian houses of worship. 

Langshury is a post village in the uorthern part. Cum- 
berland, Dover, and Horse Islands are in this county. 
The west part has been added to Charlton. 

This county was named after an English nobleman 
who advocated the cause of the colonies in the Eevolution- 
ary war. 

14. Campbell County has Paulding and Cobb on the 
north, Fulton and Fayette on the east, Coweta south, 
and Carroll west; formed in 1828. 

Camphellton is the capital, on the E. side of the Chat- 
tahoochee. It is not a large, but healthy place. 

This county has a dozen post-offices and other public 
places, as Elton, Campbell Factory, New Manchester 
Factory, N. and Sweetwater Factory, on the Cobb 
county line. 

Mount Vernon, Holly Springs, and Antioch, are pub- 
lic places. 

Col. Duncan Gr. Campbell^ a native of North Carolina, 
represented Wilkes in our Legislature, and urged, as 
early as 1825, a charter for a Female College. He did 
not succeed, but it was granted in 1836, the first, it is 
believed, ever chartered. He was Commissioner in the 
treaty at Indian Springs, 1824 ; died in 1828, a firm 
believer in the Christian religion, and a Presbyterian by 
profession. 

15. Carroll County lies in the N. W. part of the 
State ; it is bounded by Paulding and Haralson on the 



CASS. 39 

K., by Campbell aad Coweta on the E., by Troup on 
the S., and Alabama on the W. This county was 
acquired by the treaty of the Indian Springs, in 1825. 
Large quantities of gold have been dug from this 
county. The Court-house has been removed from the 
5th to the 10th district, since a portion of this county 
was taken off the east side to form Heard. 

Car7vlUon, post town and capital of Carroll county, 
named after that distinguished patriot, Charles Carroll, 
of Maryland, contains over 75 houses, stores, court-house, 
and jail, and is situated in the 10th district of the county; 
is 22 miles W. N. W. Hammond's Ferry, or Pumpkin- 
town, on the Chattahoochee, 44-1 miles N. W. Fayette. 
This town has been much enlarged since the last edition 
was issued ; it has good schools, and the county has be- 
come very populous. 

Villa Rica was in existence about as early as Carroll- 
ton, as it was in the midst of the gold diggings ; it is in 
the N. E. part, some 16 miles from the court-house. 

Fifteen or more post-oflSces are in the county, proof 
that there is a dense population and a reading people. 
Head waters of Little Tallapoosa are in this county. 
Trickum and Bonner's mines have no post-office. 

Bowdon is a post-office in W. part of the county, and 
has a collegiate institute, a good institution of learning, 
in a flourishing condition — 177 pupils on the last cata- 
logue. A collegiate institute was begun in Carrollton by 
Mr. Leake, in 1858, under favorable auspices. 

Charles Carroll^ of Maryland, one of the signers of the 
Declaration of Independence, has a world-wide fame ; 
born in 1737, died 1832, aged about 95. Some years 
prior to his death, in a publication, he reaffirmed the 
facts stated in regard to the Declaration of Independence. 

16. Cass County has Gordon N., Cherokee E., Cobb, 
Paulding, and Polk S., Floyd W. The Etow ah runs 
through the southern part ; Allatoonah Mt. in S. E. 
corner. Limestone abounds ; the lands are fertile. Ten 
or twelve post-offices. Oothkaloga Yalley is in the 
western part, and furnishes rich bottoms. The north 



40 CASS. 

part was cut off to form Gordon, yet now it is one of the 
most populous in the State ; over 13,000. 

Iron and marble abound ; Cooper's iron- works, a few 
miles from Cartersville, do much business ; hollow ware 
is made in abundance, and some railroad iron. Colonel 
Cooper has constructed a road from the Western and 
Atlantic road, some five or six miles, to his works ; his 
coal is brought from Dade, where he owns a mine. 

Cassville is the capital, containing, beside the public 
buildings, near 100 houses, beside stores, offices, shops, 
etc. The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians have 
good houses of worship. 

Cherokee Baptist College is located here. It has gradu- 
ated a few small classes ; opened in 1 854. 

Methodist Female College is at this place ; of several 
years' standing. Both institutions have fine brick 
edifices. 

Oakland Institute in E. part. 

Etow'ah Iron- works, Etow'ah Cliffs, and Etow'ah Yal- 
lej^, all in this county, not far from Cartersville, in S. E. 
part. Kowland's Mineral Springs are in E. quarter. 

At Kowland's Springs, some 8 miles N. E. Cartersville, 
hollow ware is also made. These Springs were much 
frequented by the Indians in the sickly season. There 
has been a first-rate school at the Springs. 

Cartersville is a village of some 50 houses, stores, shops, 
and offices on the Railroad, 7 miles S. E. Cass Sta- 
tion. Good carriages, wagons, and harness are manu- 
factured here by an industrious people. Cartersville is 
asking for the Court-house and public buildings. 

Cass Station is the depot on the Railroad, some 2^ 
miles S. of the Court-house. This has a. dozen houses 
and a Baptist meeting-house. 

Kingston is 6 miles N. W. where the Railroad for Rome 
diverges. This is a pretty, healthy village, of some 60 
houses and a good Academy. 

Adairsville, Allatoona, and Dawsonville are small 
places on the Railroad. About a dozen post-offices are 
in this county. 



CATOOSA — CHARLTON. 41 

Stilesboro' is a pretty village in tlie S. W. part, S. of 
Etow^ah river, 8 miles from Cartersville. Tlie Stilesboro' 
Institute, lately established, is in a flourishing condition. 

Euliarley is a few miles from Stilesboro'. 

Lewis Cass, a native of ISTew England,' is now Secre- 
tary of State under President Buchanan ; born in Exeter, 
N. H., 1782 ; Governor of North-Western Territory 
and of Michigan; first President of Michigan Historical 
Society; Minister to France; Secretary of War imder 
General Jackson ; Senator from Michigan ; a stout, ath- 
letic man ; never tasted a drop of spirits ; near 80, yet 
full of life and vigor. 

17. Catoosa County was formed by the Legislature 
in 1856 out of Walker and Whitefield. Tennessee is 
N., Whitefield E. and S., Walker S. and W. Both Chi- 
camauga creeks run N. through this county into Tennes- 
see river above Chattanooga. 

Ringold is the capital, named after an officer killed in 
one of the earliest battles of the Mexican war, before our 
army crossed the boundary. It has been in existence a 
dozen years, but is yet. a small place : since it has become 
the point for public business it begins to improve. 

Catoosa Springs, in this county, are a few miles N. 
E. the Court-house, and one of the most fashionable re- 
sorts in the State: the buildings are splendid, beside 
domicils for boarders. Thousands visit this spot every 
season. 

Wood^s Station Post- Office is just W. of Taylor's 
Eidge, in the S. E. corner of the county, some 10 miles 
N. of Gordon's Spring. 

This county perpetuates the name of Mineral Springs, 
much celebrated for their healing virtues. The Indians 
made this a place of public resort for many years ; the 
name is quite appropriate. 

18. Charlton County was created out of Camden 
in 1856, and part from Ware has since been appended. 
It has an odd shape, not unlike a huge axe with a large 
handle N. and S. ; its wide blade turned W. has severed 
Ware county nearly in twain. It is 70 miles N. and S., 



42 CHARLTON. 

but most of the way only some 12 to 15 wide, except 
where it has cat into Ware. The St. Ilia and St. Mary's 
rivers form most of the long eastern boundary, separat- 
ing from Florida and Camden. Wayne, Pierce, and 
Ware are on tlie N. and W. The south part of Ware 
has been added to Charlton. Burnt Fort, Colcrain, a 
village on St. Mary's river, Camp Pinckney, and Mizell 
12 miles W. Colerain, are public places. 

Trader'' s Hill is the capital, near the St. Mary's river, in 
the same latitude with St. Mary's city. Camp Pinckney, 
Colerain, and Centre Village are all in this vicinity, some 
65 miles W. St. Mary^s, and 22 S. W. Jeffersonton. 
Much of Okefenoka swamp is in this county. 

Centre Village is a post village of some importance, 
and has been a market for cotton from Thomas and 
Lowndes counties. The Railroad, however, will divert 
the trade to Savannah and Brunswick. It was also the 
centre of the fur trade, hides, peltry, &c., in Camden 
county before this county was organized. 

This county was named after T. U. P. Gharltori, of 
Savannah, Judge of the Superior Courts. His son has 
also been judge — ^a scholar, and flxscinating writer and 
poet. The father was born in Maryland, and educated 
at the College in Annapolis. The son was a native of 
Savannah, and was celebrated as a writer and man of 
taste. 

19. Chatham is the first settled portion of the State, 
forming its S. E. corner, separated from South Carolina 
by Savannah river, from Bryan by the Ogeechee on the 
west ; Effingham is on the north. From February, 1733, 
for many years, this was the chief point of attraction. 
Many distinguished men have been reared in this county. 
The Revolutionary struggle developed mental strength 
and energy of character, that nothing but those trying 
times could develop —they showed the genius and great- 
ness and endurance which belonged to our race, especially 
to the patriot and hero. 

Bonaventure, the bii'th-place of Gov. Tatnall, Cherokee 
Hill, Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island, are public places. 



CHATHAM. 43 

Many interesting spots are in this county. Cockspur 
Island, Tybee, Wilmington, and several other islands are 
near. 

Savannah City and port of entry in Chatham county, 
is the largest town in the State. It is on a sandy bluff, 
40 feet above the surface of the Savannah river, on the 
S. bank of which it is situated, and was laid out in 1733, 
by General Oglethorpe. It contains 16 houses of public 
worship, viz : two for Presbyterians, 2 each for Episco- 
palians, 1 Methodists, 2 Baptists, Lutherans, Roman Catho- 
lics, Jews, and 4 for Africans, one of which has more 
than 2,000 church- members attached to the congregation. 
The other public buildings are an Exchange, Court- 
house, Jail, Poor-house, Hospital, Theatre, an Academy, 
180 by 60 feet, 4 Banks, Hall of the Historical Society, 
Reservoir for distributing water 80 feet high, &c. The 
new Presbyterian house of worship is one of the most 
elegant in the United States. 

The town is regularly laid out, the streets wide and 
ornamented with the Cliina tree, which afPords a refresh- 
ing shade in the sultry months. 

The chief part of the exports and imports for the State 
are landed in this place. The amount of exports in nine 
months, of 1817, was computed at $9,966,503. From 
30th September, 1824, to 30th September, 1825, were 
exported 137,695 bags of cotton ; 7,235 tierces of rice ; 
and 14 hogsheads of tobacco. Erom 30th September, 
1825, to 30th September, 1826, 190,578 bags cotton; 
11, 455 tierces rice ; 170 hogsheads tobacco. The value 
of these items of export of 1825, at the present low 
prices, is $6,800,000. Other articles were exported to 
a considerable amount. About 9 cents was the average 
price for cotton when the estimate of $6,800,000 was 
made ; but put it at 15 cents, the ordinary price, and 
other articles accordingly, and we have more than 
$11,000,000. Since a safe inland passage has been dis- 
covered, via Beaufort to Charleston, some part of 
the exports from Augusta has passed by Savannah to 
Charleston. 



44 CHATHAM. 

In January, 1820, this town was burned, but it has 
risen from its ashes in new splendor and beauty. The 
buildings are now more elegant and of more durable 
materials than those that were drowned in the fiery 
ocean. Savannah is in Lat. 82^^ 6' Long. 4^ 14'. 

Savannah abounds in benevolent institutions. Among 
these the Union Society, for educating boys, should not 
be forgotten. It has just held its 80th anniversary. 

Col. Campbell commanded the British when this place 
was taken, on the 29th December, 1778. Gen. Howe, 
the American commander, was compelled to retreat with 
considerable loss. 

This town has increased in size and beauty by the 
erection of several fine buildings. A new house of wor- 
ship for sailors has been erected, through the liberality 
of the late Josiah Pe7ifieldj deacon of the Baptist church, 
who willed away, also, many thousand dollars besides 
that for this building. 

The plan of this city was drawn by Oglethorpe, and it 
is one of the most beautiful in the country. The streets 
are all wide, and planted with trees, and where they cross 
are squares enclosed, and also surrounded by trees : the 
streets parallel with the river are nearly east and west. 
West Broad street has two rows of trees in the centre, 
and one on each side: those in the centre furnish a 
refreshing shade in the heat of summer. This street is 
180 feet wide. 

The monument in memory of Gen. Green and Count 
Pulaski, was finished in February, 1830. It stands south 
of the Exchange, in one of the squares. It is a simple 
obelisk of white marble. The pedestal is 8 feet 5 inches 
by 4 feet 8|, rising 18 feet, and surrounded by a cornice 
of 1 foot. The needle is 5 feet 4 inches at the base, and 
4 by 2 feet 8 at the apex, rising 86 feet. The pedestal is 
formed of 12 pieces, each 1 foot 7 inches in height. The 
whole weighs 56,000 pounds. Altitude of the whole 50 
feet. 

This monument has no inscription upon it, and is 
therefore the subject of much inquiry by strangers. It 



CHATTAHOOCHEE — CHATTOOGA. 45 

was designed to erect two monuments, and tlie corner 
stones were both laid when Lafayette visited the city in 
1825 ; but it was ascertained that the funds collected 
would build only one, so the naming has been omitted 
till the other shall be erected. It however goes by the 
name of Pulaski monument, and a public house near by 
has taken the name of Pulaski House." 

Savannah has grown immensely, and has now between 
20 and 30,000 inhabitants ; had 15,300 in 1850. 

It has greatly increased in size and beauty since the 
Central Railroad has been completed to Macon. 

The Georgia Hist. Soc. has erected a beautiful hall. 
Water has been introduced into the city from the 
river; the distributing reservoir is 80 feet high. 

Many distinguished men have resided in Savannah. 
Her patriots during the Revolution were many and 
noble men. Bryan, N. W. and James Jones, Haber- 
sham, John and Joseph Clay, John Barnard, Colonel 
White, Dr. Holcomb, Dr. Kolloch, Judge Berrien, and 
many others. 

This county was named after Wm. Pitt, the Earl of 
Chatliam^ one of the most bold and most able defenders 
of the rights of the colonies during our struggle for 
liberty. 

20. Chattahoochee County was formed out of Mus- 
cogie and old Randolph in 1854, and named after the 
river that washes its western boundary. The Upatoic 
creek divides it from Muscogee. Marion is on the E. 
and Stewart on the S. It is a small county. Old Fort 
Mitchell is opposite its N. W. corner. 

Ousseta is the capital, in a central point, and but a 
small village. Post-offices are Jamestown, Cottage Mill, 
Halloca. 

This county receives its name from the river that 
washes its western border; a Creek word signifying 
pictured or painted rocks, as that kind, variegated rocks, 
abound in the stream. 

21. Chattooga County is south of Walker, Gordon is 
on the east, Floyd on the south, Alabama on the west ; 



46 CHATTOOGA. 

erected out of Walker and Floyd in 1838. It is named 
after its principal river, which falls into the Coosa in 
Alabama. It has 10 post-offices, one factory ; Broom- 
town and Islandtown, public spots, which were old 
Indian towns. 

Summerville is the capital, near the west side of 
Chattooga river, and is a thriving town; Baptist, Metho- 
dist, and Presbyterian meeting-houses, and academy. 
Arnurchee academy is two miles from Dirttown post- 
office. 

■ Suhligna is a post village 12 miles N. Dirttown, and 
has a good school begun this year. 

This county is named after its principal river, which 
rises in Walker, runs S. W., and in Ala. falls into the 
Coosa. 

Cherokee Indians^ a nation which occupied several 
thousand square miles in the N. W. part of the chartered 
limits of this State."^ Within the last twenty years, the 
Cherokees have rapidly advanced towards civilization. 
They now live in comfortable dwellings, cultivate large 
farms, and raise large herds of cattle, which they sell 
to the neighboring States. Many mechanical arts have 
been introduced among them ; they have carpenters, 
blacksmiths, &c., and their women spin and weave, and 
make butter and cheese. The population, instead of 
decreasing^ as is the case generally with tribes surrounded 
by the whites, increases rapidly. There were in 1826, 
13,563 natives in the nation ; (i.e. covering all the 
territory claimed by them, not only in Georgia, but also 
in Alabama, North Carolina, and Tennessee,) 147 white 
men, and 73 white women, who had intermarried with 
them, and 1,277 slaves. Total, 15,060 souls; increase 
in the six preceding years, 3,563. 



'•' In 1802, Georgia ceded to the United States all that territory 
which now forms Mississippi and Alabama ; and, as a part of the con- 
sideration for such cession, the United States promised to extinguish 
" for the use of Georgia, as early as can be peaceably obtained, on rea- 
sonable terms," the Indian title to all the other lands within the State 
of Georgia. 



CHATTOOGA. 47 

By a convention of delegates in 1826 or 7, a written 
constitution was formed by which the power of govern- 
ment is vested in three departments, Legislative, Execu- 
tive, and Judicial. The Legislative is a Committee and 
Council, answering to our Senate and House of Eepre- 
sentatives. The territory is divided into eight districts, 
in each of which are to be elected on the first Monday 
in August of every other year, two members for the Com- 
mittee or Senate, and three for the Council. These are 
to meet annually at their metropolis, New Echota, on 
the second Monday in October. The members of the 
Committee are to receive for their services per day, two 
dollars and fifty cents, and those of the Council two 
dollars. 

The supreme executive power is in a principal chief, 
who is chosen by the General Council, that is, both 
Houses united. 

The supreme judicial power is vested in three judges, 
who hold their sessions annually at New Echota, com- 
mencing on the second Monday in October. There are 
also in the nation circuit judges and magistrates. 

The mission at Spring Place was established in 1801, 
and since that time several establishments have been 
made among them, and a number of the Indians con- 
verted to the Christian faith. The missionaries have 
translated the Kew Testament into the Cherokee lan- 
guage. A Mr. Guess, a native, has invented an alphabet 
consisting of 86 characters, and by which many of the 
older Indians have learned to read and write. A weekly 
paper called the " Cherokee Phoenix," was issued at 
New Echota, part in English and part in Cherokee. 
The editor received his education at the missionary 
establishment in Connecticut. Their superstitious no- 
tions are leaving them. Bigamy is quite common 
among the older men. Property is not vested in the 
male; and the woman on marrying, does not forfeit her 
title to her stock, &c., but property is held distinct by 
husband and wife. 

In his last message to Congress, President Adams 



48 CHEROKEE — CLARKE. 

seems to discover the impropriety of allowing an inde- 
pendent nation to rise up in any of the States; and no 
doubt measures will be adopted to remove the Cherokees 
peaceably to lands beyond the Mississippi, where we 
hope they may be the means of extending the light of 
the gospel to surrounding tribes. Left Georgia twenty 
years ago. 

Some words in their language are very long, as is the 
case with most languages in their rude state. One or 
two words are here inserted to keep in remembrance 
the sounds which were used by the Cherokees, when, 
perhaps, they shall have faded from the earth : 

Culchota, a house. 

Soquillah, a borse. 

Yonah, a bear. 

Chestatee, pine torch. 

0-se-sa-nawlah, good morning. 

22. Cherokee County. In 1831 the country was 
surveyed into sections, and in 1832 divided into 10 coun- 
ties : Cherokee, Cobb, Forsyth, Floyd, Gilmer, Cass, 
Lumpkin, Paulding, Murray, and Union. Murray was 
afterwards divided, and the western part named Walker. 
A small strip of Paulding was added to Campbell in 
1832. Several new counties are organized in this region. 

This county has several gold mines and some copper 
mines, and also marble quarries, sources of immense 
wealth. The Etow^ah runs through the county. Over a 
dozen post-offices, several merchant mills, lands rich and 
crops abundant. Sharp Top is a singular mountain in 
the north part. 

Canton is the capital on south side of Etow^ak river, 
and has risen up to be a considerable town. The last 
of the Cherokees removed to their new home on the north 
side of Arkansas river in 1841. 

Gold and copper mines are in this county. Laffing 
Gal is the name of a public place in western part. 

23. Clarke County is watered by the Oconee and 
Appalachee rivers, laid out from Jackson in 1801. Four 
or five factories, paper mill, and 40 saw and grist mills. 



CLARKE. 49 

WatJcmsviUe-is the capital. 64 miles IST. N. W. Mil- 
ledgeville, 7 S. Athens, 20 N. N. E. Madison, 27 K N. 
W. Grreenesboro'. For twenty years this place seemed to 
stand still in regard to improvements. An important 
suit was determined, by which the title to the lots was 
decided to be good ; then it moved forward rapidly. 

Athens, the seat of Franklin College, is one of the most 
important towns in the State. For nearly forty years it 
was the only town having within its borders a college, — 
by which literary men are attracted to a spot, and where 
they begin to draw others into the paths of science. No 
place surpasses it in refinement, morals, splendid resi- 
dences, good society, and learned men. As Greece was 
enlightened by a city after which this town was named, 
so Georgia for years regarded this place. She gave laws 
to fashion and literature ; and frequently from her college 
chapel politics sent forth its decrees, — who should be Gov- 
ernor, Members of Congress, and sustain the highest of- 
fices. Since, other colleges have been established, yet she is 
still attractive, is thronged with the elite of the State, and 
" sits a queen ;" but she is not now the only oracle to be 
consulted in pronunciation, polite literature, and the eti- 
quette of fashionable life. 

Estimated population 4,000. 

Farmington is a new village comparatively, having re- 
ceived a name about 18B7. 6 miles S. Court-house, and 
5 N. Salem. It has good schools and some 20 families. 

Salem is a village of some 80 houses and Methodist 
meeting-house, in the S. W. corner of the county, 10 miles 
S. S. W. Court-house, 6 W. Scull's Shoals or Poullain's 
Factory on the Oonee, and 3 East Floyd's Mills on the 
Apalachie. Mr. Archibald Scott and lady taught here 
between 1835 and 1840. 

Lucy Cobb is the name of a high school lately estab- 
lished in IST. W. part of Athens, chiefly through the ef- 
forts of T. E. R. Cobb. It is represented as being one of 
the first schools in the country, and having a most com- 
modious and most tasteful edifice. 

General Elijah Clar\ a brave soldier in Eevolutionary 
3 



60 CLAY — CLAYTON. 

times, and father of Jolm Clarke, governor in 1819, is 
tlie person after whom this county was named. He 
fought in South Carolina, at Kettle creek, in Wilkes, 
and at the siege of Angusta, and routed the Creeks on 
Jack's creek in Morgan, in 1787. 

24. Clay County was erected in 1854 out of old 
Early and Kandolph. Quitman is N., Eandolph and 
Calhoun E., Early S., and Chattahoochee river W. 
Colomochee creek forms most of the southern boundary, 
and Pataulau, or Potatoe, runs through the N". W. part. 

Fort Qaines^ near the Chattahoochee on the western 
side is the capital, and terminus of the R. R. from Ma- 
con. This will give an impetus to building, although it 
has been a considerable town for twenty years. 

Other post towns are Pomaria and Fall Creek in S. E. 
part. 

Lowell is on Potatoe or Pataulau creek in the IST. W. 
Falls here give great water-power. In 1887 Fort Gaines 
contained about 500 inhabitants ; 10 merchants, 2 tav- 
erns, 3 doctors, 4 confectioneries, 1 or 2 houses of wor- 
ship. 25 miles S. W. Cuthbert ; 20 Blakely ; 59 New- 
ton. Many of the people are industrious mechanics. 
Half a million dollars' worth of goods and groceries are 
annually sold here, brought up the river and dispersed 
into Clay, Early, Calhoun, and Dougherty counties. 
This place will be much enlarged as soon as the cars 
reach it — now growing rapidly in anticipation. 

Clay County receives its name from Henry Clay of 
Kentucky ; a native of Virginia ; many years Speaker 
of House of Representatives ; Secretary of State under 
J. Q. Adams ; Foreign Minister ; Senator from Ken- 
tucky a long period ; died in the discharge of his public 
duties at Washington city ; one of our most eminent 
and useful statesmen. 

25. Clayton County was formed in 1858 out of 
Fayette and Henry. Fulton and De Kalb on the N., 
Henry E., Spaulding S., and Fayette W. Rough and 
Ready is a small post village near the northern line on 
the R. R. 



CLINCH— COBB. 51 

Jonesborough is the capital, witli some 50 houses and 
stores, Meeting-houses for Baptists and Methodists, and 
Academy, Steam Mill, &c., standing on the Macon and 
Western R. R, 23 miles S. Atlanta, 20 N. W. Griffin. 

A. S. Clayton^ after whom this county was named, 
spent most of his life at Athens ; was in the first class 
graduated at Franklin College in 1804 ; Judge of North- 
ern Circuit; Member of Congress 1883. Died June, 
1839, aged 55. 

Judge C. Clayton was an author of celebrity : his 
**Mysterious Picture " is an ingenious work. His wit 
was keen and satirical. He exerted great influence by 
his writings. He professed religion late in life. 

In this county Rev. Joshua S. Callaiuay resided and 
preached many years to the Jonesboro' church. His in- 
fluence was commanding in all this region. Died 1855 
or '56, about 60 years of age, greatly beloved. 

26. Clinch County was laid out from Ware in 1852. 
Coffee is on the N., Ware E., Florida and Echols S., 
and Echols, Lowndes, and Berrien W. Suwanoochee 
creeks, head of Suwanee river, are in this county. 

Magnolia is the capital. Beside this town, Homers- 
ville 12 miles N. E., Carter's Bridge west side on Ala- 
palah river — Cow creek on the Echols line, are post- 
ofiices. 

Gen. Clinch^ a native of North Carolina, was the hero 
of the Battle of Withlocoochee in Florida, in the Flori- 
da War ; Member of Congress from Greorgia, 1843-5. 
"Honor, gallantry, and a faithful discharge of every 
trust, were his shining virtues." Died in December, 
1849. In 1847 he received 41,937 votes for Governor — 
Towns, 43,220. 

27. Cobb County has Cass and Cherokee on K, Mil- 
ton and Fulton on the E., parted by Chattahoochee 
river, Fulton and Campbell S., and Paulding W. Some 
11 or 12 post-offices ; laid out in 1832 ; population in 
1850 near 14,000. 

This county has a large number of mills ; Desmead's, 
Merrit's, Marshall's, &c.. Paper factory, variety works 



52 COFFEE. 

for sash and farniture. Cotton factories, 2 or 8 Tanneries, 
and other industrial concerns. Thej must be an indus- 
trious people in Cobb. The Military Institute is in this 
county, now owned by the State, just S. of the Court- 
house. 

Marietta^ the capital, 26 miles S. Cassville on the R. R. 
is now a large and flourishing town, with some splendid 
private residences. Two Female High Schools, one lately 
established by Rev. Mr. Robert. Marietta is 1152 feet 
above the ocean — the highest point on the R. R. except 
one six miles west, which is four feet higher. Ex-Gow- 
ernor McDonald resides here, late Judge of Supreme 
Court. 

Bos well, a post village, is in S. part of Milton, some 
fourteen miles from Marietta and Wahoo, near the Chat- 
tahoochee. Here are the Roswell Cotton factories ; 1000 
inhabitants ; excellent casimere is manufactured here ; 
Roswell is in Milton, not in Cobb. 

Andersonville is a small place in N. W. part of Cobb. 

Powder Springs is a post village, much frequented in 
the summer months, S. W. part, twelve miles from 
Court-house. 

Golgotha and Sweetwater are public places, the lat- 
ter near the S. E. corner. Kenesaw mountain is three 
miles N. Court-house, and strikes the traveller with de- 
light. Lost mountain is on W. side of the county. 

Tlios. W. Cobb, a native of Columbia, 1789, was Mem- 
ber of Congress 1817-21 and 1823-4; Judge of Ocmul- 
gee Circuit ; Senator in Congress ; died 1830. He was 
a man of distinguished talents. About 1822 he re- 
moved from Lexington and settled in Greenesboro'. He 
entertained great respect for religious people, but never 
made a profession. He was a great admirer of Rev. Jesse 
Mercer. 

28. Coffee County was erected out of Irwin, Telfair, 
and Appling in 1854. The Ocmulgee is on the N., Ap- 
pling and Ware on theE., Clinch on theS., and Berrien 
and Irwin on the W. Head waters of the St. Ilia river 
are in this county. 



COLQUITT — COLUMBIA. 53 

Douglas is the capital, located on the railroad proposed 
to be run from Initial Point to Albany ; that is, an ex- 
tension of the road from Savannah. Bird's Mill, Red 
Bluff, Torronia in the N. W. corner, andOcmulgeeville 
on the river, are post-offices, but the villages are small. 

Gen. John Coffee^ a citizen of Telfair, was a native of 
Virginia in 1780, whence his father, when he was a child, 
removed to Hancock, Georgia, where he was many years 
a member of Powelton church. Gen. Coffee was active 
in the Indian wars and war of 1812, and Member of Con- 
gress 1883—5, 1835—6. 

29. Colquitt County was taken from Irwin and Tho- 
mas counties in 1756. Worth is IST., Berrien E., Brooks 
and Thomas S., and Mitchell W. Head streams of the 
Ochlockonee river are in this county. 

Moultrie is the capital, located centrally between the 
Ochlockonee and Ocopilco creek in the 8th District. 

Ochlockonee^ northern part, and Greenfield, are named 
as post villages. 

W. T. Colquitt^ after whom this county is named, was 
born in Halifax county, Virginia, 1799. Soon his parents 
removed to Hancock, Georgia, where the subject of this 
memoir attended the academy, at Mount Zion, conducted 
by Dr. Beman ; then spent some time in Princeton 
College, but did not graduate ; studied law with Colonel 
Eockwell in Milledgeville ; was elected Judge of Chatta- 
hoochee Circuit at the age of 27. Member of Congress 
1838 ; in 1842 Senator, and continued to fill that ofBce 
many years. Died in Macon, May, 1855. He was a w^arm 
Methodist, and frequently preached, and often opened his 
Courts with prayer. He possessed great versatility of 
talent; there was sometimes a levity about him that did 
not so well tally with his holy profession. Some of his 
children exhibit strong marks of their father's character. 
They are respectable, and talented, and bid fair to shine 
in the councils of the state and nation. 

30. Columbia County is on Savannah river, between 
Richmond and Lincoln, watered by Kiokee, Uchee and 
Upton's creeks. Bev. Daniel Marshall preached in this 



64 COLUMBIA. 

county in 1770, then St. Paul's Parish;. was arrested, ta- 
ken to Augusta, and chiefly, before Parson Ellington of 
Apostolic succession^ was tried, and ordered no more to 
preach in Georgia. He had the courage, however, to 
move into the State with his family, and went every 
where preaching the word. Abraham Baldwin resided 
in this county. 

Peter Crawford^ father of Governor Crawford, a most 
useful member of our Legislature, resided many years in 
this county, where Governor Crawford was born. 

Dr. Wadd,ell taught an academy in this county in 1794, 
and was assisted by Wm. H. Crawford. T. W. Cobb, 
J. C. Calhoun, and E. Simpkins were pupils. Some 14 
post-offices. 

Appling is the capital, named after Colonel Daniel Ap- 
pling, a native of this county. Governor Towns was 
also born in Columbia. The place has never reached 
eminence, nor attained to a large size. The Methodists 
and Baptists have houses of worship. The Academy, a 
good brick building, is a quarter of a mile West of the 
town. Is has a Library and Apparatus, and some 
funds. This town is 82 miles E. N. E., M. 23 N. W. 
from Augusta, 30 S. E. from Washington, 16 S. R. from 
Wrightsboro'. 

Wrightshoro' is an old village, built before the Revolu- 
tion, in the N. W. corner of this county, 56 miles N. E. 
M., 22 from Crawfordsville, 15 from Appling, containing 
a house of worship and an Academy. 

Raysville is a small place on both sides Little river, 
in this and Lincoln counties. 

TFrn/e^c? is between this latter place and theCourt-house. 

Cohham was made the seat of justice for this county, 
when it was first laid out from Richmond in 1790, but it 
was south of the centre. A few houses still linger here. 

This county was named after Christopher Cohimbus, 
who discovered America in 1492. 

At a meeting of the Georgia Association in this 
county. May, 1785, a Protest and Remonstrance were 
passed against an Act of the Legislature at its recent ses- 



COWETA — CRAWFOKD. ' 65 

sion, "giving two pence per pound to the minister cliosen 
by any thirty families, in order to his support, to be paid 
out of the State Treasury." Silas fiercer ^ father of Jesse 
and Peter Smith, were appointed a committee to bear 
said Protest to the Legislature and pray for its Kepeal : 
the petition was heard, and the Act repealed. The Bap- 
tists then were ten to one of all other denominations, and 
their ministers would have filled all the places : but re- 
ligious liberty is one of their cardinal principles, which 
can never be enjoyed in all its length and breadth, if 
church and state are leagued together as the Act antici- 
pates. (See MS. Yol. of Legislature, Book B.) 

3L Coweta County has Campbell and part of Car- 
roll on the N., Fayette E., Merriwether and part of Troup 
S., and Heard W. Mcintosh Reserve was in N. W. cor- 
ner of this county, and here he resided for some time : 
the Coweta Indian towns were near this, and were once 
visited by general Oglethorpe. Population in 1860 
about 11,000. 

Two Academies, beside those in Newnan, are in the 
county ; besides a dozen post-office villages or places, 
Mineral Springs, Pleasant Hill, Orr, and other frequented 
spots. 

Bose Bower, a village 8 miles N. from the Court-house 
has a good school. 

Newnan, after general ISTewnan, a brave soldier. Mem- 
ber of Congress, is the capital. It is now a large town, 
125 miles N. W. M., 30 N. E. from Lagrange, 42 S. W. 
from Atlanta, 26 from Carrollton, and same distance 
from Campbellton. Methodists and Baptists have good 
houses of worship. 

This county was named in 1826 after general Wm. 
Mcintosh, the head chief of the Cowetas, a tribe of Creek 
Indians. He had been a firm friend of Greorgia, and aid- 
ed in the war of 1812, when the British had excited many 
of the Creeks against us : he was basely assassinated in 
his own house by Indians. 

32. Crawford County lies S. of Monroe. Bibb and 
Houston are E. andS.E., Macon S., and Taylor and Up- 



56 DADE. 

son W. Flint river forms part of western boundary, 
Echoconnee creek separates it from Bibb. This is a Mus- 
cogee word, and signifies Deer-trap. Much of the soil is 
sandy. Five or six post-ofiices. 

The Muscogee railroad runs through the southern 
corner. 

Knoxville^ after general Knox of Revolutionary memo- 
ry, is the capital, 7 miles E. Fort Lawrence on the Flint, 
on Lot No. 14 of the second district, old Houston, 62 
miles S. W. M., 28 S. from Thomaston, 1^8 N. W. from 
Perry. The Academy is a neat two-story building. 

Francesville, W. from Sandy Point, 6 miles N. E. of 
the Court-house, Hammock's Grove N. W, and Everett 
on railroad are public places. 

W. H. Oraivford, after whom this county was named, 
was born in Yirginia, 1772, came to Columbia county, 
Georgia, 1783 ; learned the languages of Dr. Waddel; re- 
moved to Oglethorpe, 1799, which count}^ he repre- 
sented in the Legislature four years; elected to the U. S. 
Senate 1807 ; Minister to France 1818 ; Secretary of Treas- 
ury under Madison and Monroe till 1825 : then had a 
respectable vote for President U. S., but J. Q. Adams 
was elected. Governor Troup appointed him Judge of 
the Northern Circuit in 1827, after the death of Judge 
Dooly, which he held till his death in September, 1834. 
One of Georgia's most distinguished Statesmen. 

33. Dade County was cut from Walker in 1837 ; in 
shape it is nearly an isosceles triangle, standing on its 
apex south. Tennessee is N., Walker E., and Alabama 
W. 

The Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad runs in this 
county, some three miles, near the N. E. corner. Chief 
mountain is Raccoon, running N. and S., jutting into 
Tennessee, and Look-Out Mt., which holds up its high 
head within three miles of Chattanooga. Cooper and 
Gordon's coal mines are in this county. 

Salipetre Cave is near Trenton. 

The famous Nichojack Cave was supposed to be in this 
county till 1818, when the line was run between the 



DAWSON. 57 

States. The mouth, which can be seen from the cars 
just where the Nickojack creek enters Tennessee river, is 
nearly half a mile south ; but the cave itself belongs to 
Georgia, for it was traced south some two miles from its 
entrance. Judge Stocks and others were six hours in 
exploring its wonders in 1818. The creek is 60 feet 
wide, which they navigated in a boat over two miles. It 
is nearly equal to the Mammoth cave of Kentucky. This 
region is the place for huntsmen and those fond of the 
chase; deer, turkeys, bears, and even pantherfe are 
plenteous. County named in 1837. 

Trenton is the capital, a small place, and difficult of 
access, because of the mountains ; 22 miles Lafayette, 37 
N. Summersville, and 230 N. W. M. 

Kising Farm and Saludd Farm post-offices are in the 
south ; Look-Out Station in the north ; Hobbie is also a 
post-office. 

Francis L. Dade was a native of Dumfries, Virginia, a 
major in the Forida war. With his company he started 
with 200 men from Tampa Bay, 1835, but not far off 
they were surrounded by Indians, and only two escaped 
butchery. 

34. Dawson County was formed out of Lumpkin, 
Forsyth, and Gilmer, in 1857. Hall bounds a few miles 
on the E., a corner of Cherokee, Pickens, and Gilmer 
bound the W., Fannin touches N. E. corner; Arma- 
chola creek is the boundary between this county and Gil- 
mer, on ]Sr. W., the falls of which, 17 miles W. Dalonega, 
are said to be higher than Toccoa, which are 180 feet. 

This county is of small dimensions. Etow^ah river 
runs through the southern part. Some six or eight post- 
offices. 

Dawsonville is the capital ; a new place. It is 14 miles 
S. W. Auraria, and 26 from Dalonega. 

Wm. Crosby Daivsonwsis born in Greene county, Jan., 
1798 ; died 1856, 58 years old; a graduate of Franklin 
College. He was a dozen years clerk of Georgia, House 
of Kepresentatives ; both Kepresentative and Senator 
from Greene county ; a terror to the Seminole Indians, 
3# 



58 DECATUR — DEKALB. 

in 1836 ; Member of Congress 1837 ; Judge Ocmulgee 
Circuit, 1845, and received 33,703 votes for governor, in 
1841 ; his opponent, Gov. McDonald, was elected by 
87,847 votes ; Senator in Congress, 1849 to 1855. He 
was a popular and faithful representative of his con- 
stituents. 

35. Decatur County forms the S. W. corner of the 
State, at the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint. 
The Flint cuts it in twain diagonally from N". E. to S. W. 
Some eight or ten post-offices. Spring creek passes 
through the western portion into Flint, some eight miles 
above the confluence with the Chattahoochee. The Slue, 
some 30 miles long, and 1 to 2 broad, enters this county 
from Mitchel, with a lakish appearance, and comes down 
within 9 miles of Bainbridge. Some lands are very 
fertile, and some barren and unproductive. 

Bainbridge^ the capital, with some 1500 inhabitants, 
was also named after a distinguished commodore in our 
navy. It is on the site of old Fort Hughes, in south 
part of 15th district of old Early. Steamers come up to 
the wharf. 190 miles S. W. M., 35 W. Thomasville, 40 
IST. Tallahassee. The railroad from Savannah will soon 
reach this place, and render it a very important town. 

Foivltown is an old Indian town on the Chattahoochee, 
S. W. from Bainbridge. Fowltown academy is 18 miles 
S. Court-house. 

Nunnerline is ten miles S. Court-house. 

Argyle is near the confluence on Chattahoochee. 

Olivegrove is eight miles above Fowltown. 

This county was named after Com. Decatur^ a brave 
naval officer, who performed most efficient service in the 
Mediterranean in 1804, and during the war of 1812; he 
was killed in a duel by Com. Barron, in 1820. 

36. Dekalb County has Milton N., Gwinnett E., 
Newton S. E., Henry and Clayton S., and Fulton W. Chat- 
tahoochee river is the northern boundary, but only some 
15 miles, for the western portion has been cut off to form 
Fulton. The Kock mountain, a solitary sugar-loaf peak, 
is in this county, some 2000 feet above the creek that 



DOOLY. 69 

winds around its base. Immense quantities of marble 
are wrought at Eock mountain, and sent to various 
points. 

Decatur is the capital, but since the rapid growth of 
Atlanta this town has ceased to improve. It is 95 miles 
N. W. M., 9 from Rock Mt., 28 N. W. Covington. 

Bock Mountain is a post- village just by the mountain, 
containing some 30 to 40 houses. The Georgia Rail- 
road seems to turn 20 miles out of its course to give pas- 
sengers a clear and near view of this wonderful sight 
The cloudy tower on its summit has been blown down. 
Rock^ instead of stone^ mountain is the true name ; it is a 
vast mass of rock — not a high pile or heap of stones. 

The Baron Dekalb^ after whom this county was named, 
a German by birth, accompanied Lafayette to this 
country, and was appointed a Major-General in our 
army. At the battle of Camden he received eleven 
wounds, and was made prisoner. When condoled with 
by a British officer, he replied, " I thank you for your 
generous sympathy; but I die the death I always prayed 
for — the death of a soldier fighting for the rights of man." 
Noble sentiment ! In October, 1780, Congress directed 
a monument to bfe erected to his memory, in Annapolis, 
Maryland. 

37. Dooly County has Marion and Houston on the 
N., Pulaski and Wilcox on the E., Worth and a corner 
of Macon on the S., Sumter and corners of Lee and 
Macon W. ; Flint river is the western boundary. Lands 
look beautiful, but are not so lasting as some others, 
though they have sold high. 

Vienna is the capital, 13 miles E. Flint river, in 7th 
district, 97 miles S. W. M., and probably near the site 
of the old capital called Berrien^ 6 miles W. Blackshear's 
road from Hartford to Fort Early. It is a small place, 
containing the usual public buildings. 

Drayton^ on Flint river, became the capital in 1835, 
and Berrien ceased to wear its honors. Drayton still 
has a name about midway between the Court 'house and 
Americus, the Court-house of Sumter. 



60 DOOLY. 

Traveller's Rest is in the N". W. corner, and was named 
Bristol, some 20 years ago, which seemed to be stretching 
its dimensions and business hugely. 

Fort Early is in S. W. corner ; there is a large pond 
near Byromville in N. W. 

Col. John Dooly ^ after whom this county was named, 
was born in North Carolina, in 1740. His residence 
was Lincoln ; was in several battles, beside Kettle creek, 
in 1779. McCorckle and other tories murdered him in 
his own house in the night. His son, John M., was a 
distinguished jurist, and judge of the Northern Circuit. 

88. Dougherty County was laid out from Baker, 
in 1854; Lee and Terrell K, Mitchell and Baker S., 
"Worth E., and Calhoun W. ; Flint river cuts the eastern 
part, Kioka the west ; Kinchafoone 'enters the Fliut on 
the north line. 

Albany is the capital, now a considerable town, and 
growing rapidly, as it is the present terminus of the rail- 
road from Macon. It has a flourishing academy, houses 
of worship for Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and 
Episcopalians. Estimated population 2500 — it may reach 
this in the winter season, if the suburbs be included. 
Over 30,000 bags of the cotton crop of 1^58 were sold, and 
that of 1859 will be several thousands larger. Colonel 
Tift built the first house or cabin in 1886. The bridge 
is over 900 feet long, though it extends much beyond the 
natural channel of the Flint, so as to cross the bottom 
when the water is high. A fine brick house is built for 
the keeper ; the 2nd story is called " Concert Hall," 
where concerts and lectures are given. There are some 
fine brick blocks of stores, and beautiful residences. In 
proportion to the number of voters, it is said Dougherty 
county pays more taxes than any other county. This 
town has begun to make a railroad to Waresboro', some 
80 miles east, to meet the road from Brunswick. 

Q-illionville is a post village in the N. W., nearly ex- 
tinct. Millwood is S. Blue Spring is S. E., Court-house 
E. of the Flint. 

Byron, the old capital of Baker, is 12 miles W. 



ECHOLS. 61 

Court-house, now a corn-field. Fort Hill is E. of the 
Flint, Oak Lawn is N. on Kioka creek. 

Charles Dougherty was born near Athens ; educated at 
Franklin College ; active member of our Legislature, and 
Judge of the Northern or Western Circuit, 1831 and 
also 1841. He was a sterling man, and useful in many 
departments. He was of a Presbyterian family, and was 
doubtless a member. In 1835 he received for Governor 
28,606 votes, and 32,807 in 1839 ; his opponents were 
Wm. Schley and Chas. J. McDonald. 

39. Early County was once very large, out of which 
near a dozen counties have been created. Clay and Cal- 
houn are N., Baker and Mitchell E., Miller and Decatur 
S., and Alabama W. Laid out in 1818. Seven post- 
offices. 

BlaJcely is the capital, 180 miles S. W. M., 50 N. Bain- 
bridge, 22 S. Fort Gaines. This town has grown since 
our last edition ; it is N. E. of the centre. 

Gatesville in the N. W., and Pine Eidge in southern 
part, are small places. Spring creek is in N. E. cor- 
rier. 

Peter Early was born in Virginia, 1773 ; graduate of 
Princeton ; began to practise law in Wilkes, 1776 ; Mem- 
ber of Congress from Greene, 1802 ; first Judge Ocmul- 
gee Circuit, 1807 ; Governor, 1813-15 ; vetoed the Alle- 
viating Law^ a law to prevent the collection of debts, 
and hence became unpopular ; elected to State Senate 
1816 ; died August, 1817, universally lamented. ^ " He 
was a perspicuous and impressive speaker, and in the 
arrangement of his argument was superior to any speaker 
I ever heard." Wm.ff. Crawford. — He had no superiors. 

40. Echols County was formed in 1S58 out of Clinch 
and Lowndes; they are on the N. E. and W., Florida S., 
Alapaha river runs through western part. Troublesome 
post-office is on E. of Alapaha, though the maps put it 
on the W. side. Cow creek post-office in the N. part E. 
of the river. Fort Gilmer is S. E. Levere is 6 miles N. 

jStatenville, on the site of Troublesome post-office, on 
the E. side of Alapaha, is selected for the seat of justice. 



62 EFFINGHAM. 

It is of course a small place, as the county was laid out 
1858. 

Robert M, Echols, of Walton county, after whom this 
county was named, was a native of Georgia ; President 
of our Senate, and an active man. He was Colonel of 
the Georgia Regiment in the Mexican war ; died in that 
country, and was buried on his farm near Broken Arrow, 
in S. W. part of the county. 

41. Effingham County was settled by Germans in 
1735, soon after Oglethorpe had laid out Savannah. 
Scriven, Chatham, and Bullock are contiguous counties. 

Springfield is the capital, 140 miles S. E. M., 27 N. N. 
W. Savannah, and though laid out, and the place of 
public business some 60 years, it is still a small but 
healthy town. The Academy is richly endowed, with 
house for teachers ; it had $15; 000 twenty years ago. 
Lutheran and Methodist meeting-houses. 

Ehenezer is an old place on the Savannah river, 25 
miles from the city, once a large and flourishing town, 
for 841 persons came from Germany and made the set- 
tlement. Mr. Wesley visited them at an ordination of a 
minister, and says: "the great simphcity as well as 
solemnity of the whole scene almost made him forget 
the 1700 years between, and imagine himself in one of 
those assemblies where form and state were not, but Paul 
the tent- maker, or Peter the fisherman, presided, yet with 
the demonstration of the Spirit." — (Law's Oration.) 
Whitefield also made them a visit in 1738. Most of the 
post-offices are on the railroad, on the western side of 
the county. Sister's Ferry in N. E., on Savannah river, 
is a post-office, 

Eev. Mr. Storbel has written a history of this people. 
Ahercorn and Tuchaseehing were once considerable towns 
in this county, but both are now gone to decay. Tucka- 
seeking was the seat of justice in 1784, and Ebenezer in 
1799. At this former place, as early as 1771, Edmund 
Botsford preached with great acceptance and usefulness 
to a small church. 

This county was named in honor of Lord Effingham, 



ELBERT. 63 

a warm friend in the British Parliament to the Colo- 
nies. 

42. Elbert County is in the fork of Savannah and 
Broad rivers. Hart is N., Lincoln, Wilkes, and Ogle- 
thorpe S., Madison W. 

Elherton is the capital, 90 miles IST. N". E. M., 26 miles 
N. E. Lexington, 8 miles S. Webb's Ferry on Broad 
river, 7 miles W. Ruckersville, and 21 miles E. S. E. 
Danielsville. This county pays considerable attention to 
education ; two academies at the Court-house, and meet- 
ing-houses. 

Elherton was a village, years ago, in Effingham. 

Ruchersville is a pretty village 7 miles E. Elherton, 
near Yan's creek, containing a dozen dwellings, stores, 
shops, academy, and Baptist meeting-house. 

JEdinhurg is a small place N. E. on the river. 

Petersburg^ at the confluence of Savannah and Broad 
rivers, was once a considerable town, a distributing post- 
office; but it has dwindled. It was the great depot for 
tobacco raised in this region, and thence floated to 
Augusta. But tobacco has yielded to cotton, and very 
little has been raised since 1810. 

Over a dozen post-offices in the county. 

A factory was erected near Ruckersville as early as 
1837 or 8. \ 

Rev. Dozier Thornton preached the gospel in this county 
near 60 years, that is, from 1784 to 1843. His voice, 
like that of Hope Hull^ was loud as a trumpet. He could 
count the attestations of his ministry by hundreds. 
Slander never breathed a whisper against his holy name. 

Rev. Thomas 3Iaxivell died in this county in 1837, 
aged 97. He had preached through the grates of his 
prison in Virginia, and the scars were on his large nose 
through life. The author saw him in 1819 at Tugelo 
Association. 

Rev Wm. Davis preached in this county, but resided 
in Wilkes. 

Col. Samuel Elbert was a brave soldier during the 
Revolutionary war ; distinguished at the fatal battle of 



64 EMANUEL — FANNIN. 

Briar creek. He was Governor 1785-6. He was a 
native of South Carolina. His father was a Baptist 
minister. Died in Savannah, 1788. This county was 
named to honor him. 

43. Emanuel County has Burke, Jefferson, and 
Johnson N., Scriven and Bullock E. & S. E., Tat- 
nall S., Montgomery S. W., a corner of Laurens and 
Johnson N. W., touching 9 counties. The Ogechee 
separates it from Burke and Scriven — the Ohoopie runs 
through western part. It is but sparsely populated. 

Swainshorougli ^ is the capital, though a small place, 80 
miles S. E. M., 98 N. W. Savannah. Col. Swain, for many 
years in our Legislature, furnished the name. He was 
a choice specimen of the hardy back woodsman, a man of 
good strong common sense, but, as of Paul, it would not 
be said, " much learning hath made thee mad." 

Canooche and Ohoopie are post-offices, besides the 
capital ; the first is some 10 miles E. and the last 15 S. W. 

David Emanuel, a native of Pa., 1744, represented 
Burke county a number of years in our Legislature ; 
was President of the Senate, and a while acting Governor 
in 180 L He was a colonel during the war, and taken 
prisoner ; was near death ; but while the others were shot, 
he escaped and fled to Twiggs' army. 

44. Fannin County was erected out of Union and 
Gilmer, in 1856. Both N. C. and Tenn. are on the 
North, Union E., the South point touches Lumpkin and 
Dawson, Gilmer and Murray West. Toccoa river, a 
considerable stream, rises in South part and runs North 
into Tennessee. Mountains are in the S. E. and N. W. 
portions. Copper mines in N. part. Some ten or twelve 
post-offices. 

Morganton, in S. E. part, is the capital, and of course a 
small but healthy town. 

Pierceville is in the North, near the copper mines, a 
post village. 

* Bonner calls this Paris, — Butts, Swainsborough, which name has been 
attached over 30 years ; by Legislature of '53 or '54 it was named 
Paris. 



FAYETTE. 65 

Col. J. W. Fannin, after wliom this county was named, 
was born in Greene, about 1801 ; was educated at West 
Point ; was killed in Texas 1886-7, while aiding to achieve 
her independence : he was taken prisoner and shot : not 
one of the men escaped to tell the tale. 

45. Fayette County has Fulton N., Clayton, and a 
part of Spalding E., Spalding S., and Coweta and Camp- 
bell West. The head streams of the Flint are chiefly in 
this county. This county was acquired by treaty of 1821, 
and soon organized. ISTot a spot in this county where 
liquor is retailed ! This fact invests the county with 
great interest : may it continue so 1,000 years. 

Fayettevilh is the capital, 107 miles N. W. M., 21 W. 
McDonough, 441 S. W. CarroUton, 22i S. A¥. Pumpkin- 
town on Chattahoochee. Since the people have patronized 
and built up good schools here of a high grade, the town 
has been growing : no inland town will increase much 
without the aid of schools, and no people need to wonder 
or complain that their place is small, if they fail to.nur- 
ture and encourage schools. The last Te deum in the 
temple of ignorance has been sung to its idol ; the light 
of science is pouring its beams with such brightness upon 
the eye-balls of its worshippers, that they will be com- 
pelled to see even against their inclination. Not a place 
to retail liquors in the county ! Whitewater post-office 
in S. E, Grlengrove in the S.'^W., and Eed Oak in the 
North, are all that are now in the county, except at the 
Court-house. 

Mr. Looney has a celebrated Academy here, at the 
Court-house; he has written a good arithmetic, and pub- 
lishes a weekly paper. 

In memory of the Marquis de La Fayette, a native of 
France, who came to this country in 1777, to help us to 
achieve our Independence, was this county named. He 
was promoted to high military office, was in several bat- 
tles, the confidant of Washington, and received the 
tendered sword of Cornwallis when he surrendered at 
Yorktown 1781. He went to France, and brought the 
glorious news that a French fleet and army would soon 



6Q FLOYD. 

be on our coast to aid us. Between 1784 and 1792 he 
sustained high offices. His sufferings in the prison at 
Olmutz, in Austria, and the attempt of two Americans 
to rescue him, are well known ; finally he was released bj 
Bonaparte in 1797, when he settled himself at Lagrange, 
some 80 miles from Paris. 

When his intention of visiting the United States was 
known, Congress offered to send a national ship for him; 
but he declined the invitation of such an escort, and ar- 
rived in New York, 15th August, 1824, and was received 
with the greatest demonstrations of joy by all the people. 
He visited most of the States, and every where was 
treated with entire respect and honor. Congress voted 
him a township of land in Florida and $200,000 in grati- 
tude for his services during the war, for he had not 
received any compensation. Died May, 1834. 

46. Floyd County was organized' 1832 ; Chattooga 
and a part of Gordon lie N., Cass E., Polk S., Alabama 
W. Oostenaulu and Etow'ah unite their waters near the 
centre of the county, and form the Coosa, which passes 
into Alabama — a navigable stream, on which steamers ply 
between Eome and the Rapids in the Tallapoosa,/ Over 
a dozen post-offices in this county of fertile land. 

Vaji's Valley is situated in this county, 15 miles S. the 
Court-house, in which is a most wonderful cave. The 
Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb is at this place, brought 
into operation 1848-9, and is sustained by Legislative 
appropriations. There is much romantic scenery in all 
this region. Part of Chattooga county was taken from 
Floyd. 

The Hearri School^ an academy of high grade, some 8 
miles S. W. at Cave Spring^ 17 miles S. W. Court-house, 
established about twenty years ago. Lott Hearn, of 
Hearnville, Putnam Co., bequeathed $12,000 for this 
purpose, and the fund is well managed. It affords a lib- 
eral salary to a thorough teacher and assistants. 

Rome is the capital, and is now a large town at the 
confluence of the two rivers named above. Livingston^ 
12 miles, was the first capital — Rome became so in 1834. 



FORSYTH. * 67 

Western Bank is located here. There are several fine build- 
ings in and around Rome, and some excellent hotels. It 
has been the terminus of a branch road from the Western 
and Atlantic Railroad about a dozen years. The schools 
are good. Rev. Mr. Hillyer has a select school for young 
ladies. Estimated population 7,000. 

Rome is 40 miles S. Lafayette, 20 miles W. Cassville. 

Courtesy is S. of the Court-house, Hermitage N. E. 

The historian of Alabama conjectures that De Soto 
visited this county in 1540, and our Legislature named a 
place after him in 1853, just opposite Rome, but it has a 
name only. 

The Presbyterian Female College here is in high repu- 
tation. 

General John Floyd^ after whom this county was named, 
was born in S. C, 1769. His father having lost his prop- 
erty during the war, aj^renticed his son to carpenter, 
but by extra work at night he paid persons to instruct 
him. In 1794 he came to Georgia, a good mechanic, but 
soon became a planter. In 1813 he was selected to com- 
mand the Greorgia troops against the Creek Indians. He 
marched into the nation, built Fort Mitchell, just below 
Columbus, on the west side of the river. Here he left 
his main army, and with 950 troops and a few friendly 
Indians under Mcintosh, their chief, he marched to the 
Tallassee and Autopee towns, and burned them, killing 
250 Indians, and losing only 11 men ! He also routed, 
January, 1814, the Indians at Camp Defiance, command- 
ed and aided by Col. Woodbine, an English officer; the 
enemy was charged with the bayonet, leaving many dead 
on the field. He was elected to Congress, 1826. 

47. Forsyth County has Dawson on the north, 
Chestatee and Chattahoochee on the east, Milton on the 
south, and Milton and Cherokee west. About a dozen 
post-offices, and also Ashland E. Court-house on the 
river ; Lewistown N". W., and Concord near the north 
line. Parts of both Gordon and Milton have been taken 
from this county. 

Gumming^ after Col. Wm. Cumming, of Augusta, a 



68 ' FKANKLIN. 

soldier in the war of 1812, is the capital, 24 miles from 
Gainesville, 150 N. W. Milledgeville. It has not grown 
up as rapidly as those towns situated on great thorough- 
fares. 

John Forsyth^ a native of Va., was born in 1781 ; a 
graduate of Princeton, 1799. For several years he was 
Attorney General of the State, and in 1812 elected to 
Congress. He was also Senator in 1818, and '29 to '37. 
Secretary of State under President Van Buren; Minister 
to Spain 1819. Gov. of the State. 

48. Feanklin County has Habersham N.W., South 
C. N. E., Hart county E., Madison S., Banks W. This 
county had over twenty post-offices, before it gave away 
its territory to form Banks and Hart ; now it has a large 
number. This county began to be settled in 1784. In 
1819, the author met on Eastan^le creek near Savannah 
river, four ministers, each about 80 years old. They 
were Cleaveland, Callaway, Maxwell, and Thornton. 

CarnesvilJe^ after Col. Carnes of Athens, is the capital. 
It is 108 miles N. M., 80 K E. Jefferson, 80 N. W. 
Elberton, 21 N. Danielsville, 87 N. E. Athens, 16 W. 
Cleaveland ferry on Savannah ; 45 E. N. E. Gainesville ; 
16 S. Currahee mountain. The first settler was George 
Rainer. Daniel Beall built the first house in this place. 

From 1816 to 1840 there was much travelling through 
this town, from the low country, Athens and Danielsville, 
to visit Currnhee mountain, Toccoa and Tallulah Falls. 
The Springs in the S. E. part of this county are Chalyb- 
eate, and as much impregnated with iron as those in Madi- 
son : the chief visitants lodged in cabins. 

Benjamin Franklin^ in whose honor this county was 
named, was born in 1706, and apprenticed to a tallow- 
chandler and soap-boiler ; yet he became the greatest 
Philosopher of his age, especially in Electricity. He was 
Minister to England and France. 

"Honor and shame from no condition rise, 
Act well your part, there all the honor lies" 

was exemplified in his life. 



FULTON. 69 

49. Fulton County was laid out from Dekalb in 
1854. A corner of Cobb separates it from Milton N., 
Dekalb is on the E., Ckyton and Fayette S., and Camp- 
bell and Cobb W. 

Irhyville N. and Oakgrove are post-offices. A factory 
is near tbe first- named place. Copper mine in S. W. part. 

East Point i^ six miles S. Court-house, where the rail- 
road diverges to Westpoint. 

Gartrell is some three miles N". E. . ' 

Atlanta, Lat. 33° 54^, now a large city of some 12,000 
inhabitants, is the capital. This whole country was a wil- 
derness a few years ago : Decatur Avas the terminus of 
the Georgia railroad. Now it is the terminus of the 
Georgia, Macon, Western, and Westpoint, Western, 
Atlantic railroads. In 1843 this place was incorpora- 
ted MariJiaville — changed in '47 to Atlanta. 

Keal estate in '59 $2,760,000. Goods sold in '58 
$3,000,000. Stores about 200. Four machine shops; 
two sash and blind factories. Thp. Iron Rolling M^'^^ 
makes 30 tons of rails daily. The City Hall is a splendid 
building ; Medical College ; 2 Baptist ; 3 Methodist ; 1 
Episcopal ; 2 Presbyterian ; 1 Protestant ; Methodist hous- 
es of worship. Four weekly and daily papers ; 2 month- 
lies. Fulton Bank and 3 Agencies ; Female Institute, 
besides a large number of schools. The railroad depot, 
where the cars on four roads receive their passengers, is 
very large. This is the terminus of the State road to 
Chattanooga. The Georgia from Augusta; the West- 
point and Macon and Western roads. Trout House, At- 
lanta, Washington Hall, and others, are all large hotels. 
The city was lighted by gas in 1855. 

Robert Fulton, after whom this county was named, was 
a native of Pennsylvania 1765 ; was the first man to ap- 
ply steam to propel boats. He ran a steamer from New 
York to Albany and back in 1807 ; while building it, he 
was the butt of ridicule ; but his labors were crowned 
with success. His efforts render him a public benefactor. 
Died in 1815. His first effort was on the Seine in France, 
where he propelled a boat in 1803. 



70 GILMER— GLASCOCK — GLYNN. 

50. Gilmer County has Fannin on N. and E., Dawson 
S. E. corner, Pickens S., Gordon and Murray W. Car- 
ticary creek and Ellijay river meet centrally, near the 
Court-house : these are the head waters of Coosawatta 
river. Most of Fannin and part of Pickens were taken 
from this county. Amacolola Falls on the E, line of this 
county and W. line of Dawson ; said to be the highest 
in the State. Eight post-offices. 

Ellijay^ named after the chief water course, an Indian 
word, accented on the last syllable, is the capital. 48 
miles Cassville, 40 Dahlonega, 42 from Blairsville, 80 
Spring Place, 22 S. of N. C. line. It is a high, healthy 
spot, and contains, besides the public buildings, an acad- 
emy, house of worship, and 50 dwellings. 

Geo, R. Gilmer was born in Oglethorpe 1790. He 
was an officer in the war of 1812 ; was in our Legislature ; 
Member of Congress 21—3 ; '27—9 ; '83—5. Governor 
'29 — 31 ; '87 — 89. He was the amiable gentleman, the in- 
structive companion. His residence was Lexington. Died 
Nov., 1859. 

61. Glascock County was laid out from the S. 
part of Warren in 1858. Warren bounds two sides, and 
Jefferson and Washington the other. Eocky Comfort creek 
flows through it. It is a very small county, some 9 miles 
wide and 18 in length. 

Gibson is the capital, and a new place. 

Gen. TJios. Glascock^ after whom this county was named, 
was a young soldier in the Kevolutionary war. He was 
in our Legislature, and Speaker of the House — Member 
of Congress, '85—86 ; '87—88. His residence was Au- 
gusta. Died in 18 — . 

52. Glynn County is bounded by Mcintosh, the 
Ocean, Camden, and Wayne. Numerous islands are in 
this county, among which is St. Simon's. Named in 
1777. 

Brunswick is the capital, with a good harbor on Turtle 
river, a few miles (18^) from the Bar, 201 m. S. E. M., 
80 S. S. W. Savannah, 11 S. Darien. Though an old 
place, it has never flourished ; some causes have crippled 



GORDON— GREENE. 71 

its efforts towards enlargement and prosperity : the rival- 
ry and power of wealth in other places have retarded its 
growth. Her E. R. which runs out W. some 30 miles 
will doubtless be the means of future prosperity. It has 
a Bank, a weekly Paper, houses of worship for Method- 
ists and Baptists. The vicinity is poor pine land and 
the town is on a salt water Bay ; it must be healthy. 

IT. S. Navy-yard is opposite Brunswick. It is said to 
be the deepest, and longest, and most secure harbor on 
the Southern coast. It will rise up to eminence ; de- 
pression can chain it down no longer. The railroad to 
Albany will give it an impetus that will push it on to 
greatness. 

Frederica is a p. o. on St. Simon's island. This, with 
the old fort, long since gone to decay, was built by Gen. 
Oglethorpe in 1736, where he spent much of his time. 

Bethel is a post-office in S. W. part, near the rise of 
Turtle river, some 15 miles from Brunswick. 

This county was named to honor an English noble- 
man who was a warm friend of the Colonies during the 
Revolution. 

63. Gordon County was taken from Cass and Floyd 
in 1850. Whitefield and Murray N., Gilmer and Pick- 
ens E., Cass and Floyd S., Chattanooga, and corners of 
Floyd and Walker W. Coosawatta and Connesaugee 
unite centrally in this county to form the Oostenaula. 

Calhoun is the county town, situated just south of a 
high elevation. It is new ; the buildings look neat, and 
give an aspect of beauty to the place. The Baptists and 
Methodists have houses of worship. 

Adamsville is near the eastern side of the county. 

This county perpetuates the name of Geo. W. Oordon, 
of Savannah, a native of Augusta. He was the inde- 
fatigable President of the Central Railroad ; and through 
his efforts it was pushed on to completion so rapidly. 
Died in 1842. 

54. Greene County is bounded on the N. by Clark 
and Oglethorpe, E. by Taliaferro, S. by Hancock, and 
W. by Putnam and Morgan. Part of this county lies 
in the fork of the Oconee and Appalachee, and the 



72 GREENE. 

northern boundary of this part is a line from the mouth 
of Rose creek, at PouUaih's bridge, to Walker's ford, on 
the Appalachee. 

This county was surveyed in 1784, and settlers began 
to construct their rude cabins the same year. Maj. Por- 
ter and Mr. Willson settled in the northern part. For a 
number of years the people were comjfelled, for self- 
defence, to live in forts. Gen. Thomas Dawson was the 
first person iDorn in the county. In this county Peter 
Early began and ended his political career ; and his 
Dones now rest in the fork, one mile below Poullain's 
bridge. Greene county has furnished five Judges, Early, 
Longsteet, Cobb, Dawson and Cone, for the Ocmulgee 
Circuit. 

Villages^ Public Places, &c. Scull Shoals, Newhope, 
Woodville, Penfield. 

Oreenesboro\ p. t. and cap. Greene county, so called 
in honor of Gen. N. Greene, is on an elevated spot, be- 
tween Richland and Beaverdam creeks, 40 miles N. Mil- 
ledgeville, by the road, 29 in a straight direction ; 22 N. 
E. Eionton ; 18 E. S. E. Madison ; 25 S. S. W. Lexing- 
ton; 31 W, S. W. Washington. It contains Court-house, 
Jail, brick Clerk's Office, Female Academy, a Metho- 
dist Chapel, Male Academy, new house of worship for 
the Presbyterians and Baptists, 68 dwelling-houses, 10 
stores, 6 law offices, 4 doctors, and many mechanic 
shops; 910 inhabitants in 1826; — 382 whites, and 528 
blacks. This town is 76 miles N. W. Augusta, 19 from 
Crawfordville, 23 Powelton, 6 E. of the confluence of the 
Oconee and Appalachee. New meeting-houses lately 
built for both Methodists and Presbyterians, with tall 
steeples. 

The lots were sold in 1786. The first Court-house 
was merely a cabin. 

Greenesboro' was once burned by the Indians ; and in 
'91 it contained about a dozen cabins, built on the ruins 
of the old town. Col. Jonas Faushe erected the first 
framed building here, the same in which Mrs. Park now 
lives, near the Bank. The fort, to defend the town. 



GREENE. ^ 78 

Stood, in '94, on the spot long occupied by Mr. Wood- 
ruff as a dwelling and storehouse. A Mr. Furlow went 
out of it one morning to get roasting-ears, was fired upon 
by the Indians, and wounded in the arm ; but he made 
safe his retreat into the fort, closely pursued. 

Penjield^ p. v., 7 miles N. Greensboro, is the seat of 
Mercer University, opened as a manual labor school in 
1833. It has about 80 families, academy, stores, offices, 
and the college buildings. 

Jesse Mercer's mortal remains were interred in the 
cemetery in Sept., 1841. Those of B. M. Sanders lie 
there also. 

Woodville is 4 miles E. Pennfield, on the Branch 
Eailroad to Athens. 

Union Pomt is 9 miles E. Court-house, where the 
Athens Branch diverges. 

Cotton Factory at Scull Shoals was built before 1840. 
Curtwright Factory is at Long Shoals, in S. W. corner 
of the county. 

White Plains is a pretty villnge in S. E. part of 
the countv, with some 15 houses, academy, and meeting- 
houses for Baptists and Methodists, 13 miles from Court- 
house. 

Distinguished men. — Peter Early, governor of Georgia. 
His brother, Clementine Early, was a learned and pious 
man. Dr. Francis Cummins, Presbyterian minister, was 
about 80 at his death. Major Oliver Porter was elector 
of President four times. John Bethune, Surveyor- 
General for several years, now 87, resided some 40 years 
in this county. Yincent Sanford, aged 82, died in 
June, 1859, one of the best of men, beloved and respected 
by all. Colonel W. C. Dawson, Member of Congress, 
senator, judge, a native of this county, died in 1856. 
Doctor Lovic Pierce resided here many years, and here his 
son George F. was born, and here preached his first 
sermon, 1830. A. B. Longstreet, judge of Ocmulgee 
circuit, was many years a resident before he became 
President of the College at Oxford, graduate of Yale 
College, and one of our most popular writers. T. W. 
4 



74 GWINNETTE. 

Cobb, senator in Congress, and judge of this circuit, a 
native of Columbia, died here in 18^0. Thomas Stocks, 
still living, was born in a fort near his present residence 
1st Feb., 1786 ; now 78 years of ao;e. He was many 
years President of Georgia Senate; Commissioner to run- 
the line between Georgia and Tennessee; 1818 ; President 
Georgia Agricultural Society ; honored and beloved by 
all. Nathaniel Greene was a native of Rhode Island in 
1740. He was at the battles of Trenton, Princeton, and 
Germantown ; was appointed to chief command of our 
forces in the South. " For seven months he was in the 
field, without taking off his clothes a single night." 
Washington excepted, he scarcely had his equal in 
the army, for prudence, integrity, and far-sighted 
policy. County named after him. 

Our Legislature presented him 24,000 acres of land, 
to which he removed in 1785, 14 miles above Savannah, 
called Mulberry Grove. Riding out one hot day in June, 
178(3, he was smitten with the heat so intensely that he 
died in a day or two. Savannah has erected a monu- 
ment to his memory, which is held in the highest res- 
pect. 

55. GwiNNETTE County has Milton and Forsyth IST., 
Hall, N. E., Jackson, E., Walton and Newton, S., 
Dekalb, West. Yellow river rises in this county and 
Chattahoochee forms the N. W. boundary ; some head 
waters of Oconee are here also. About a dozen post- 
offices in the county. The country is hilly. 

Orrsville is in the N. W., near Chattahoochee river. 

Laivrenceville is the capital, a town of considerable 
beauty, for good taste is shown in the public and private 
buildings. It is 90 miles N. N. W. M., eight from 
Chattahoochee, 80 N. Covington, 30 S. Gainesville. 
Education has been much inculcated, schools have 
flourished. From the academy grounds you have a 
fine view of Rock mountain 16 miles S.W. The Metho- 
dists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, all have houses of 
worship in or near the town. The spring on E. side of 
the town flows into Alcovee river, that on the west into 
Yellow river. Ten post-offices. 



HABERSHAM. 75 

Button Gwinneite, after whom this county, was named, 
was born in England ; came to Georgia 1772 ; appointed 
a Representative in Congress, 1776; subscribed the Decla- 
ration of Independence; Governor 1777; and was killed 
in a duel in May. 

56. Habersham County has a corner of Towns and 
Rabun on the N., South Carolina on the E., Franklin 
and Banks S., Hall and White W. Head waters of 
Chattahoochee rise in this county, called Sooquee. 
Toccoa creek is in the eastern part, and Tallulah river 
is the boundary on the N. E. between this county and 
Rabun. Cur7'aJiee mountain is in the south part, an 
object of much interest, much more 40 years ago than 
now, when a trip to Tennessee or through the Cherokee 
nation was not very desirable, and the numerous and 
higher mountains in all those regions were unknown. 
Gold was first found in this count}^ about 1829. 

Clarkesville is the seat of justice, 133 miles N. M., 
23 S. Clayton, 12 S. Tallulah Falls, 12 Currahee moun- 
tain, 11 N. W. Toccoa Falls, 30 Gainesville, 44 K E. 
Jefferson, 28 N. W. Carnesville, and 62 N. Athens. 
This place was begun in 1823, and is as healthy a spot 
as any in these United States. Judge Clayton held 
Court here when there was not as much refinement as 
now. This is now quite a large town. 

Dawson, eight miles S. W. Court-house, iron-works, 
Currahee mountain, and the Falls are all spots much 
visited. Beside are some 10 post-offices, with small 
villages or clusters of houses. 

Rev. Littleton Meeks, a poor but pious and energetic 
laborer in the Lord's vineyard, resided many years in 
the N. W. part of this county. He and Thomas Johnson 
frequently preached the Gospel among the Cherokees 
as early as 1816, if not before. 

Josefh Habersham, a native of Savannah, a colonel 
in the Revolutionary war; Member of Congress, was 
the third Postmaster-General of the U. S. His descend- 
ants have sustained high offices, and the family is one 
of the most respectable in the State, lie died 1815. 



76 HALL — HANCOCK. 

Few men were more bold and useful during our Eevo- 
lutionary struggles. 

57. Hall County has Lumpkin and White N., 
Habersham and Banks N.'E. and E., Jackson and 
Gwinnette S., Forsjih and Dawson W., from which the 
Chestatee and Chattahoochee separate it. Argo, Gills 
ville, Hog Mountain, Oakland, Polksville, Eancher 
Sugar and War Hill post-offices. 

Murraysville is in N. W. Chestnut Hill in S. W. 
Poplar Spring in N. E., are not on the list of post 
offices. 

Gainesville is the seat of justice 111 miles N. N. W 
M., 22 N. W. Jefferson, 40 N. Athens, 30 Lawrenceville 
80 S. Clarkesville, 45 W. Carnesville. Colonel Eeed 
built the first house in this place in 1821. Most of 
the denominations have houses of worship. Yery re- 
spectable schools in this place and vicinity. In going 
to Clarkesville you pass over most interesting scenery. 
The head waters of the Oconee rise within 200 or 800 
yards of the Chattahoochee, and on this ridge you 
travel. You have a fine view of Yonah mountain, now 
in White county. Indeed, mountains are in view all day. 
Many pass the summer in this county at the springs. 

Doctor Lyman Hall, a native of Connecticut, settled 
in St. John's parish, now Liberty county, 1752. He 
may be regarded as the prime mover in all this region 
in exciting the people to resist British oppression. He 
was elected to Congress 1775, signed the Declaration 
of Independence, was Governor 1783-4. Died in Burke. 

58. Hancock County has Greene and Taliaferro on 
the N., Warren and a corner of Glascock on the E., 
Washington on the S., and Baldwin and Putnam on 
the W. The Ogechee is on the K. side, and Oconee on 
the W. Shoulder-bone Creek is in N. W. part, on 
which a treaty with the Creeks was held in 1786, to 
confirm former treaties and secure the punishment of 
offenders. 

Several mounds are in this county. 

Sparta is the place of public business, 23 N. E. M., 



HANCOCK. * 77 

14: S. W. Powelton, 22 W. Warrenton, 28 E. Eatonton, 
containing academy, houses of worship, beside Court- 
house and other public buildings, cotton factory. Some 
25 years ago, a school on the " Eensselaer plan" was 
started and flourished for some years, but then, like 
most things among us, it grew into disuetude. 

About 1831, "a model school" attracted considerable 
attention and young ladies from various quarters ; but 
it had its day and faded away like all flowers. 

Shoals of Ogechee is a noted spot both in this county 
and Warren, where are some houses and shops, 32 miles 
W. M., 13 Sparta, 12 Warrenton, 53 Augusta, 28 
Louisville, 17 Powelton, 2-1 Sandersville, This place 
is in S. E. corner of Hancock, and S. W. of Warren. A 
factory is in Hancock. 

Governor Wm. Kabun and his father resided and 
died in this county, and the bones of most of the family 
rest some 10 miles N. E. Courthouse. 

The father of General Coffee was an early settler in 
this county, and was a member of Powelton church. 

So also the father of Eichard M. Johnson, Professor 
at Athens, who is still living, over 72. He has been 
preaching the gospel near 30 years. Dr. Terrell died 
in Sparta, having given some $20,000 to Franklin 
College. 

Linton^ the site of Washington Institute, opened in 
1858, is a good school; over 90 pupils under Eev. Car- 
Jos Stevens; building, brick, two stories, 75 x 52 feet; 
some 25 families; two miles from Long's bridge on Buf- 
falo, one from Line road ; 26 Eiddleville, 16 E. Mil- 
ledgeville, 12 Sparta. 

Powelton is a long village containing some 30 houses, 
two academies, houses of worship for Baptists and 
Methodists. The academies were opened here about 
1814, and flourished many years. Salem Town^ whose 
elementary works are in our schools, taught here in 
1822-3-7. Otis Smith, a well-known educator, also gave 
instruction here for some years. Here Jesse Mercei- was 
the revered pastor of the Baptist church some thirty 
years ; he removed to Washington, 1827. 



78 HARALSON. 

Mount Zion is another educational town, 7 mile N. 
Sparta. Eev. N. S. S. Beman began to teach here in 
1811, and continued till after 1820. Most of the time 
since a good school has been kept up in this place. 
Here the "Missionarj^," a weekly, was begun in 1819, 
and afterward removed to Charleston. The "Hancock 
Advertiser" was issued after the other was removed. 

Here lives now the patriarch of the place, Joseph Bryan^ 
probably now 90 years old. 

Mayfield is a post village of four houses on the Ogechee, 
mill, &c., 13 miles E. Court-house. 

Culverton, 5 miles E. Court-house, has a post-office, 
five houses, and a good school. 

John Hancock, of Boston, was one of our most distin- 
guished patriots; President of Mass. Provincial Congress, 
also of the General Congress at Philadelphia ; many 
years Grovernor of his native State. He was the first to 
affix his name to the Declaration of Independence. 
When Gen. Gage, soon after the battle of Lexington, 
offered pardon to the rebels for opposing his Majesty's 
Government, John Hancock and Samuel Adams were ex- 
cepted ! 

Numerous beautiful minerals are found in Hancock 
county. Jaspers of all colors, white, red, cream, yellow, 
&c. Cornelian, opal, chalcedony, feld-spar, talc, &c. Dr. 
Watkins has a fine cabinet of them, some beautifuUj'' 
polished; worth a visit to the place. 

59. Haralson County has Polk N., Paulding and 
Carroll E., Carroll S., Alabama W. It was cut out of 
Carroll and Polk in 1856. 

Buchanan is the seat of justice, near head waters of 
Tallapoosa. Seven or eight post-offices are in this 
county. It was erected in 1856, and hence everything 
is new. Newsville, Repose, Burnt Stand, Etna, Tala- 
poosa are post-offices. 

Gen. Hugh A. Haralson was a native of Greene, born 
on the hill half a mile E. of Penfield, where his father 
resided. He studied the Law ; removed to Troup ; 
Member of Cono^ress 1845-50. 



HARRIS — HART. ^ 79 

60. Harris County has Troup and Merri wether on N"., 
Talbot E., Muscogee, S. The Pine and Oak mountains 
are in this county. Laid out in 1827. Some rich lands 
in this county. 

Hamilton is the county town, just at the termination 
of Oak mountain, 25 S. S. E. Lagrange; 23 N. Colum- 
bus, and contains houses of worship for Baptists and 
Methodists ; academy with 75 pupils. 

Whitesville is a pretty village in N. W. part, on K. 
side of Pine mountains, 27 Columbus, 23 Lagrange, 10 
S. E. Westpoint. It has an academy and house of 
worship. This place was begun in 1833 ; some 11 other 
post-of&ces. Cochran's cross roads north among the 
mountains. 

After Charles Harris of Savannah — a distinguished 
Jurist, but so rnodest as to decline public office, though 
qualified for any station — was this county named. Died 
in 1827 universally lamented. 

61. Hart County was taken from Elbert, Franklin, 
and Madison, in 1856. These counties and S. C. furnish 
the boundaries. This county, it is said, was named in 
respect for 3frs. Nancy Hart^ who formerly resided in 
Elbert : but the stories related in fancy sketches ought 
to be taken with some grains of allowance. 

Post-offices named are Air Line, Western Part, Bio S., 
Bowersville S. W., Amandasville S., Montevideo S. E. 
corner, and Eaglegrove, central. Public places are 
Eord's Store W., and Hendley's N. E., Parker's in N. 
E. corner. 

Hartwell is the seatof justice in the fork of Lightwood 
Log Creek near the' centre of the county. 

Hart county was so named to perpetuate the memory 
o^ Mrs. Nancy Hart^ of Elbert, who is said to have been 
a greater terror to the tories than a dozen men. She 
actually took prisoners and killed many a British soldier 
and tory. The accounts may have been exaggerated, 
but there is no question that she was an extraordinary 
woman, of great courage, Amazonian strength, and 
high temper. Hon. Thomas Hart Benton, the great 



80 HEARD — HENRY. 

Missouri Senator, a relative of her husband, confirms 
the accounts of this remarkable woman in some degree. 

62. Heard County has Carroll on the N., Coweta E., 
Troup S., Alabama W. The Chattahoochee runs through 
the eastern part. Laid out in 1880. 

Franklin^ on the east side of the river, is the seat of 
justice. Franklin had been given as a name to a village 
opposite Westpoint in Troup, but in 1832, this name 
was obliterated, and Westpoint covers all the ground 
on both sides of the river. Franhlinville was the capital 
of Lowndes ; but, like Nineveh, it is now lost. Frank- 
lin is a healthy spot, though not large. Meeting-houses 
for Methodists and Baptists. 

Corinth is a pretty village in S. E. corner of Heard, 11 
miles S. E. Franklin, 16 Newman, 12 Lagrange. 

State Line is a post village in S. W. part, on the Ala- 
bama line. Enon Grove is N. E. Berrien is 5 m. N. E. of 
State line. Union Mills are N. Houston is in S. W. cor. 

Stephen Heard was an officer during the Revolution. 
He was with Clarke in several battles; was President of 
the Executive Council ; Governor in 1781 ; resided 
for some time in Wilkes. One of his sons has been an 
active member of our Legislature. 

63. Henry County has Dekalb N., Newton N. W., 
separated by South Ocmulgee, Butts and Spalding S., 
Clayton W. Beside a dozen post-offices, Pittsburgh is 
a small place on W. side, Tucker's Cabin N. W., Fac- 
tory N. Court-house. 

McDonough is the seat of justice, with houses of wor- 
ship for Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians; acade- 
my, with dwellings for teachers. 70 miles N. W. M., 
83 N. N. W. Forsyth, 18 N. Griffin, 21 E. Fayetteville, 
22 S. Covington. It is a healthy, moral place. For 
some years " The Jacksonian," a small weeklj', by Mr. 
Minor, was published in this place, started in 1827 ; he 
avers that his paper first nominated Gen. Andrew Jack- 
son for President. 

Major Ahner Davis, a pious, intelligent, and benevo- 
lent gentleman, resided here many years, till called up 



HOUSTON. * 81 

higher. Edmund Low was another excellent citizen and 
church-member. William Beck was their equal in piety 
and good works. 

Patrick Henry^ born in Hanover county, Virginia, 
1736, was one of our most distinguished patriots; was 
among the first to excite resistance to the Stamp Act ; 
one of the five selected to prepare the Declaration of 
Independence ; Governor of Virginia. No purer pat- 
riot ever lived. Died June, 1799. 

64. Houston County has Bibb and Crawford N. and 
N. W., Twiggs and Pulaski E. and S. E., Dooly S., and 
Macon W. Ocmulgee river bounds it on the E ; Mossy 
and Big Indian creeks are also in this county. South 
Western R R. runs through the northern part. Lands 
are rich. 

Perry is the place of public business, situated on Lot 
49 of the 10th District, 67 miles W. S. W. Milledge- 
ville, 35 S. W. Macon, 23 N. W. Hawkinsville. A Fe- 
male College of high grade ; Houses of worship for 
Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists. This is a large 
town. 

Public places are Asbury Academy W., Minerva, 
Buzzard's Roost on Ocmulgee, Wilna, and other places. 

Fort Valley, on the R. R. 12 miles N. W. Court-house, 
is a large' village with good academy, and houses of 
worship for Methodists and Baptists. Here the R. R. 
diverges to the south for Albany, and one continues 
westward to Columbus. 

Haynesville is a post village some 10 miles S. E., with 
a Baptist meeting-house and good school. 

Henderson is 12 miles S., with house of worship. 

Minerva is 7 miles W., near which is an academy 
and Asbury chapel. 

Houston Cotton Factory is N. E. on Mossy creek. Well- 
borne's Mills N. E., Wilna, Buzzard Roost Ferry, and 
other public spots. Echaconnee is 12 miles S. Macon. 

John Houston was a patriotic soldier during the Revo- 
lution ; assembled with the friends of Liberty in Savan- 
nah in '74 ; Governor '78 and '84 ; died '96. His name 
4* 



82 IRWIN— JACKSON. 

would have been on the Declaration of Independence 
were it not for the strange conduct of Dr. Zublj. 

65. Irwin County was once very large, extending 
from the Ocmulgee near to the Flint, S. to Thomas and 
Lowndes, and B. to Appling. Parts of Worth, Wilcox, 
Berrien, and Coffee have been deducted from her. The 
title was acquired 1814, surveyed in 1818. Much poor 
land in this county. Population sparse. 

Inuinville is the seat of justice, 5 miles E. Alapaha 
river, in a central position. Formerly it was near Oc- 
mulgee river in N. E. part of the county. 

Edenfield is a post-office in S. E. corner, some 20 miles 
from Court-house. 

Loyola is near the west boundary. Spalding is on the 
river in N. E. corner. 

Jared Irioin^ a native of North Carolina, came to 
Burke when seven years old ; represented Washington 
county many years ; was President of the Senate, and 
Governor 1806 to 1809 ; helped revise the Constitution, 
1789 and '98. He was buried in N. part of Washington 
county, 1815. His son. Dr. Jared, was in the first grad- 
uating class at Athens. Descendants numerous and re- 
spectable. 

65. Jackson County is bounded by Hall on the N., 
Banks and Madison on the E., Clarke S., ^alton and 
Gwinnette W. Both branches of the Oconee are in this 
county. 

Cotton factory in the W. and woollen in the N, E. 

Post-offices, 8 or 9. Centre Village 8 miles S. Court- 
house, Jug Factory near the Clarke line, Jug Tavern 
S. W. corner, are public places. 

Jefferson is the seat of public business, 87 miles N. N. 
W. Milledgeville, 18 K W. Athens, 80 S. Gainesville. 
Laid out in 1806; incorporated 1802. 

Bascobel S. E., Delay S. W., Harmony Grove N. E., 
Marcus N. W., Maysville N. E., Mulberry N. W., Pond 
Fork N., are post-offices. 

Wool Factory on North Fork IST. E. part. Hurricane 
Shoals N., Jackson Factory W., are public places. 



JASPER. ^ 83 

Edward Adams, Ordinary of this county, was a pious, 
upright man ; a member of Academy church ; died 25 
years ago ; his widow only a few months since. jRev. 
Thos. Johnson was a most useful minister. 

James Jackson was one of our most distinguished citi- 
zens and noble soldiers in the Eevolution ; commander 
of the Georgia Legion. In 1788 he was selected for 
Governor by the Legislature, but he declined the honor, 
as he was only 31 years old. In 1789 he was Member 
of Congress, and was Senator several years. He ex- 
posed the famous Yazoo speculation, and had the Act of 
the Legislature burned in Louisville. Governor 1798 ; in 
1801 sent back to United States Senate. Died in. 
Washington city, March, 1806. He was very active in 
building up Franklin College. His brother. Dr. Henry 
Jackson, waa Professor in the College, so was also one 
of his sons. His descendants are numerous ; one of his 
sons has been Member of Congress from Savannah. 
Few men have exerted more influence in the State than 
James Jackson. 

67. Jasper County was named Randolph in 1807, 
but changed in 1812. Newton and Morgan are N. W. 
and N. E., Putnam E., Jones S., Monroe and Butts W. 
Ocmulgee is the western boundary, and Murder creek, 
a large stream and tributary of Little river, is in the east- 
ern part. Seven post-offices. 

Concord is a public place, near the Ocmulgee, where 
is a Baptist meeting-house. 

Trickem, or Trick-him, is a spot 4 miles W. Half- 
acre, in Putnam, which latter place is now Stanfordville, 
and is a considerable village, with a school. 

Hillsboro is in the S. part, 9 miles from Monticello, on 
the road from Clinton. Small village. 

Monticello is the capital, named after Jefferson's resi- 
dence in Virginia. 35 miles W. N. W. Milledgeville, 
27 K. E. Forsyth, 18 W. Eatonton, 25 N. Clinton, 25 
S. Madison, 28 S. Covington, 33 S. E. McDonough. 
Lots sold in 1808. Baptists, Methodists, and Presby- 
terians have houses of worship ; two academies. 



84 JEFFERSON". 

William Jasper^ after whom this county was named, 
was only a sergeant during the War, bat was more use- 
ful than many that wore epaulettes. He was at the 
Battle of Fort Moultrie, and when the Flag-staff was 
shot off, he jumped over and recovered it. His rescue 
of the prisoners at the Spring near Savannah, with 
Newton, is known to all. In 1779 Jasper went up to 
put the flag on the Fort at Savannah, and was shot and 
fell into the Ditch, Major Horry called to see him, 
when he observed : " I have got my furlough : that 
sword was presented me by Governor Rutledge for my 
services in defence of Fort Moultrie : give it to my fa- 
ther, and tell him I have worn it with honor : if he 
should weep, tell him his son died with the hope of a 
better life." Noble patriot. He was as bold as Julius 
Caesar, 

Rev. Gyrus White spent most of his life in western part 
of this county. About 1830 he became erratic, and in 
part embraced Arminian sentiments; formed a small 
body called Whiteiies, but they did not last long. He 
removed S. W. and died. 

Gen. David Adams resided in S. W. part, and probably 
died there. He was useful in our Legislature. 

Gen. Reuben Shorter was many years the reliable phy- 
sician of Monticello ; died in Eufala, Alabama, about 
1847. 

68. Jefferson County has Richmond and Columbia 
on the north, Burke east, Emanuel and Johnson south, 
Washington west, Glascock and a corner of Warren 
north-west. The Ogechee, Rocky Comfort, and William- 
son's Swamp creeks are the chief streams. 

Rev. John Newton^ father of Sergeant Newton^ the com- 
panion of Jasper, settled in this county soon after the 
Revolution, near Fenn's Bridge. Died in 1790. 

Rev. Jephthah Vining was also a minister in this region 
soon after the war, and pastor of Providence church. 

Louisville contains the public buildings for the county, 
54 miles E. S. E. Milledgeville, 26 E. Sandersville, 25 
W. Wajnesboro', 43 Augusta, 28 Swainsboro'. From 



JEFFERSON. ^ 86 

1795 till 1807, this was the seat of government. Here 
the famous Yazoo Act (an act which had been passed by 
bribery and corruption, to dispose of millions of acres of 
land in our western territory, now Mississippi, was car- 
ried through the Legislature in 1795) was burned by a 
sun-glass, 13th February, 1796. Gov. James Jackson 
had resigned his seat in the U. S. Senate, and was elected 
to the Legislature from Savannah, to overthrow this stu- 
pendous scheme of iniquity. [See Clayton's Digest, page 
680.] The old State House has been converted into a 
Court-house. Ten thousand dollars were raised by sub- 
scription to clear the Ogechee of obstructions, and boats 
have descended from Louisville to Savannah, with 200 
and 800 bags cotton. This was before railroad times. 
Central Railroad runs through the south part of this Co., 
about 12 miles S. Louisville. 

Galphinton^ in this county, was the residence of an In- 
dian family. The old place was on the Ogechee, below 
Louisville ; the new one six miles above, on the west side 
of the river, and is memorable as the spot where a treaty 
was concluded, in 1784 or '85, by Gen. Twiggs. 

Benjamin Whitaker^ for years Speaker of the House of 
Representatives, resided and died in this county. His 
descendants are all over the State. 

Gen. Homer V. Milton^ son of John Milton, after whom 
Milton county was named, resided and died in Louisville. 
He was a lawyer by profession, and a soldier in the war 
of 1812, but did not rise to great distinction. Died about 
1820, a young man. 

Roger L. Gamble^ Member of Congress, judge, and ac- 
tive member of our Legislature, died in Jefferson. 

Bonny Boon and Gamble are in the north-east corner. 

Spread Oak and Sylvan Grove north Pine Hill, and 
Pine View, west of the river, beside 7 or 8 post-offices. 

Thos. Jefferson^ author of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence, was born in Virginia, 1743 ; educated at William 
and Mary's College; early in Virginia Legislature, and 
Member of Congress in Philadelphia ; Minister to Europe ; 
Secretary of State under Washington, and President U. 
S. 1800 to 1808. 



86 JOHNSON — JONES. 

69. Johnson County has Washington and Jefferson 
on the north, Emanuel on the east and south-east, Laurens 
on the south and south-west, and a corner of Wilkinson 
west. It was cut off chiefly from Emanuel and Laurens 
in 1858. Battle-ground* post-office on Little Ohoopie, 
eastern part. 

The site for public buildings is called Wi^ightsville^ prob- 
ably after Silas Wright, of New York, governor, and 
senator in Congress. It is between the two Ohoopies, 20 
miles south Sandersville, 15 south Eiddleville, a new and 
small place. 

H. V. Johnson] a native of Burke ; educated at Athens ; 
classmate of Gov. Cobb ; was senator in Congress to fill 
a vacancy ; judge of Ocmulgee Circuit in 1849 ; govern- 
or 1853-7. He is a powerful orator on the stump, and 
exerts great influence in any deliberative assembly. Mr. 
Johnson is still a young man, and no doubt has 
anticipations of future preferment. As a campaign ora- 
tor, it is said, he has no superiors. He sways the multi- 
tudes as with a plastic wand, and moulds their opinions 
after his own. Candidate for Vice-President, 1860, in 
connection with S. A. Douglas, for President. 

70. Jones County had a few settlers in 1804, though 
not laid out till 1807. Its soil, the real mulatto land, is 
very rich in its ^drgin state, but it is much exhausted by 
cultivation. Edmund Talbot, a cousin of Hon. Matthew 
Talbot, governor ex officio after Gov. Rabun's death, be- 
gan to preach in this county in 1809, and continued till 
about 1830, when he removed to Henry county, Alaba- 
ma, where he died in 1853, eighty-six years old. 

Henry Hooten preached here many years. 

John and Benjamin Milner^ brothers, both announced 
the glad tidings in Jones. 

Falling creek is in the west. Walnut creek falls into 
Ocmulgee just below Macon. Commissioners is in south- 
east part, on which is a woollen factory. 

Clinton is the capital, named after Gov, De Witt Clin- 
ton^ a distinguished statesman of New York, and the 
chief promoter of its great western canal. In 1836 it 



LAURENS. ^ 87 

contained 56 dwellings, 10 stores, 5 lawyers, 3 doctors, 
8 mechanic shops. 22 miles west Milledgeville, 25 east 
Forsyth, 28 Marion, 12 Macon, 28 Irwinton, 55 Hart- 
ford, 28 S. S. W. Eatonton. Methodist and Baptist houses 
of worship, the latter built in 1836 by the efforts and con- 
tributions, in a great part, of James Locket. It has had 
good schools ; some seven or eight post-offices. 

Blountsville is a post village on the Eatonton road, 10 
miles N. E. Court-house, 16^ W. Milledgeville. 

Fortville is E. Etheridge also N. E., near Blountsville. 

Grab- All is in the N. W. corner. 

TranquiUa is north. 

Griswold is a post village, 9 miles E. Macon, on south 
line of the county, a manufactory for cotton gins, which 
are made here by the thousand. It is a pretty village, 
occupied chiefly by Mr. Griswold and his workmen, in 
the gin- making business. The first depot from Macon 
on Central Railroad. 

Woollen Factory is southeast, near Wallace post-office. 

This has been one of the most fertile counties in the 
State ; the real chocolate soil. 

James Jones, of Savannah, known as Chatham Jemmy 
because there were several distinguished men named 
Jones, was born in Chatham county. He was frequently 
in our Legislature, and Member of Congress 1799-1801. 
Died in Washington city. Col. Troup informed the 
author in regard to the name, and he was in the Legisla- 
ture when it was affixed to this county. 

71. Laurens County has Wilkinson and Johnson 
N., corner of Emanuel and part of Montgomery E., the 
latter S., and Paluski W. The Oconee runs through E. 
part, Palmetto, Pues and Turkey creeks. 

Dublin is the seat of justice, half a mile from the Oco- 
nee, 48 miles S. S. E. M., 28 S. Irwin, on lot 232, 1st 
district of old Wilkinson. Dublin was incorporated in 
1811. Sumterville was the old capital. 

Buck-eye post-office is in the N. E., near both Cedar 
Hill and Mount Pleasant. Laurens Hill post-office is JST. 
W. ; Anderson is S. E. 



88 LEE. 

Oeo. M. Troup resided some 80 years in this county, 
12 miles below Dublin, on the E. side of the river, where 
he died in 1858, 78 years old. His farm was named Yal- 
dosta. 

Gen. David Blackshear was a resident of Laurens from 
1807, and died 4th of July 1837. The author lodged at 
his hospitable dwelling winter of 1820, in N. E. part of 
the county. 

John Laurens, son of Henry Laurens of South Carolina, 
the second President of the Continental Congress, was 
born in South Carolina, 1755. He was sent to France to 
effect a loan for Congress, and succeeded, and in less than 
a year was back and fighting for his country. In oppos- 
ing the enemy on Combahee river he was wounded, and 
died 1782. 

72. Lee County is bounded by Sumter on the K, 
"Worth and a corner of Dooly E., Dougherty S., and Ter- 
rell W. The Flint forms the E. boundary, and Kincha- 
foona and Muchalee run through centrally, and, uniting 
in the N. part of Dougherty, fall into Flint just above 
Albany. 

StarkvilU is the seat of justice, near the W. bank of 
Muchalee creek, named after Gen. Stark, the hero of the 
Bennington battle, on lot 241 of 13th district, 25 miles S. 
Americus, 10 E. Flint, 27 S. W. Drayton, 16 K. Al- 
bany, 46 K Newton, 60 S. W. Hawkinsville, 45 E. 
Cuthbert, 90 S. W. Macon, and 120 Milledgeville. The 
railroad leaves it some 3 miles E. It has 7 post-offices, 
and is a county of fertile land. Palmyra, a village origi- 
nally settled by families from Greene and Taliaferro, is 5 
miles above Albany in S. part of Lee, 6 miles Byron, 15 
from Pinderton. Academy and Baptist meeting-house. 
This place has declined since Albany has begun its giant 
growth ; railroad leaves it W. some 4 miles. 

Samterville is 12 N". E. Court-house, with a dozen 
dwellings and post-office. 

Slade is in N. E. corner. 

Osceola is on S. W., and Adams on railroad. Hook's 
Ferry is below Cotton Bluff. 



LIBERTY. 89 

i?. H. Lee^ a native of Virginia, was opposed to the 
Stamp Act in tlie Virginia Legislature in 1765 ; Member 
of Congress 1776 and 78. Died 1794. His eloquence 
gave him great influence in the councils of the nation. 
He first proposed the Declaration of Independence. This 
county was named in 1826. 

73. Liberty County in shape, is similar to the letter 
L. The inhabitants were the first in the State to express 
their detestation of the measures of Parliament to op- 
press the Colonies ; erected into a county in 1777, being 
known before as St. John's Parish. 

HinesviUe is the county seat, but a small place. 

Ricehoro' is 12 miles S. E.. and was the capital till 1836. 
Sloops come up to the town, 20 miles from St. Catharine's 
Sound. 

Walthourville is near the railroad, a healthy, sandy 
spot, containing good schools and houses of worship. 

Sunhnry on Midway river, S. E. part of the county, was 
once a large town, built in 1758, and was a rival of Sa- 
vannah. It w^as captured by Gen, Provost, and never re- 
covered its prosperity ; }- et for many years, until lately, it 
had good schools. Dr. McQuirr taught here several 
years, aided by Eev. Jas. Shannon. 

Dorchester is a new^ place on North Newport river. 

Midway meeting-house was erected about 1753 — 54. 
Here are buried the Hon. John Elliot, Senator in Con- 
gress; Rev. Joseph Osgood, 1st pastor; Rev. Thomas S. 
XVinn, much beloved : died in 1819. Gen. Scriven was 
killed in this neighborhood in 1778 ; his son. Rev. C. O. 
Scriven, died in New York, 1830, whither he had gone 
to be relieved of a cancer. He was a graduate of Rhode 
Island College. 

An enlightened, liberal, educated people inhabit Lib- 
erty county. This count}^, like Fayette, it is believed, 
retails no liquor. 

The love for Liberty, the spirit of the people, long be- 
fore Independence was declared, induced the Legislature 
to confer this name on the county, then, 1777, known as 
St. John's Parish. It was resolved by the people to use 



90 LINCOLN — LOWITDES. 

no British articles which. Congress should prohibit. Ly- 
man Hall was a leader. 

74. Lincoln County, has Elbert K, South Carolina 
E., Columbia S., and Wilkes W. Graves' Mountain is in 
S. W. part near the Wilkes boundary, about 800 feet high; 
14 E. Washington, 6 S. W. Court-house. Petersburg, 15 
miles N. E., can be seen from the top. 

Lincolnton is the place of public business, 90 miles N. 
E. Milledgeville, 40 N. W. Augusta, 18 E. Washington. 
It is not a large place. 

Dark corner is in S. E. part. 

Col. John Dooly resided in this county, in Revolution- 
ary times. His son, John i/i, was many years Judge of 
the Courts. Thos. W. Murray was a native of this coun- 
ty, and once Speaker of the House. 

74. Benjamin Lincoln^ a native of Hingham, Mass., in 
1783, was a brave soldier, the second in command at the 
battle of Saratoga. lie was appointed to command in the 
Southern Department ; but Greene was more successful. 
He died in 1810 in the same house in which he was born, 
having been eminently useful to his country. 

75. Lowndes County is on the Florida line, Berrien 
on the N., Clinch and Echols on the E., and Brooks W. 
Alapaha river bounds half of the eastern side, 
Withlacoochee S. W. half, and also runs through N. W. 
part. This county was taken from Irwin in 1825. Ocean 
Pond, 7 miles S. Court-house, is 5 or 6 miles square. 

Troupville was the county seat on the west line of the 
county (since Brooks has been taken from the west), in 
the fork of Little and Withlacoochee rivers, which, it 
would seem, must render it sickly. This town was laid 
out in 1836, in order to be on the line of the Brunswick 
and Chaiahoochee Railroad ; but the road, like some 
other Georgia schemes, is in statu quo, as in ^36. The 
Court-house is now 4 miles S. E., and located on Savan- 
nah and Grulpli road, which will soon reach it with cars, 
155 miles from Savannah. 

Valdosta is the name of the C. H. site in Lowndes, 
selected in fall of 1859, on lot 62 in the 11th dis- 



LUMPKIIf. % 91 

trict, 155 miles from Savaonah by railroad, 22 from 
Madison, Florida, whence a railroad is to be constructed 
to Valdosta, thus connecting the Savannah road with 
the Jacksonville road. 

Franklinville was the original capital, near the centre 
of the county as it existed in 1825, 140 miles St. Mary's, 
36 N. E. Thomasville, and 50 Waresboro. 

Posi-offices are Grand, Bay and Clyattsville, S. W. cor- 
ner near Withlacoochee. Public lAaces are Carter's Bridge 
on Alapaha, K E. The Springs, 2 miles from Ocean 
Pond which is full of fine fish, are visited by many, and 
good accommodations are provided. Most of the ponds 
in the southern part of the State furnish trout and other 
excellent fish. 

Wm. Lowndes^ a native of Charleston in 1782, first 
appeared in S. C. Legislature in 1810, and in 1814 was 
sent to Congress. He made a speech on the Missouri 
question in 1820. Died while on his way to Europe in 
October, 1822, in his 41st year. 

Mr. L. married a daughter of Gen. Thomas Pinckney ; 
had a high sense of the value of religion, and great 
respect for true Christians. 

76. Lumpkin Counts is in the northern part of the 
State, and contains the richest gold mines. A corner of 
Fannin and Union is N., Whitehall S. E., Dawson S. 
and W. The Etow'ah river rises in this county ; Tes- 
sentee Falls in S. E. part, near White county. 

Dahlonega^ an Indian word, signifying yellow money^ 
is the capital, and is quite a large town, the centre of 
gold diggings. This metal was first discovered in 1829 
in Habersham. By 1832, $528,000 had been dug in this 
region, and coined at Philadelphia. The mint was 
erected here soon after. Within the last 20 years, it is 
estimated that some eicjht millions have been dug in 
Georgia. 

Seven or eight post-offices, besides which are Cavender, 
Cooper's Gap, Loudsville, Tessentee Falls, public places. 

Willson Lumpkin^ born in Virginia, Jan., 1783, came to 
Oglethorpe Co. when a child, and was the oldest of eight 



92 MACKINTOSH — MARION. 

brothers. From 1815 to 1831 he was frequently in our 
Legislature, and in Congress. Some years he resided in 
Morgan, and thence removed to Walton ; Gov. 1831-35; 
Senator in Congress. His residence is Athens. For 
more than 50 years he has been a member of the Bap- 
tist church. 

77. Mackintosh County borders on the ocean, and 
has several islands attached to it: Sapelo, Guy ton's, 
General's, etc. Johnston's Station, p. o., is on the Bail- 
road near Altamaha river N. W. part. South Newport 
is a post village on S. Newport river, E. part. Metjno- 
dist chapel is central. Ebenezer is some 5 miles N. 
Buffalo Swamp. Enon is 12 miles N. Fort Barringtou, 
which is on Altamaha river. Jonesville is N. E. 

Darien^ an incorporated city, settled by Highlanders, 
and first called New Inverness^ is the capital, 12 miles 
from the ocean, 12 Brunswick, 190 miles W., 62 S. S. 
W. Savannah. It contains two or three houses of wor- 
ship, and once had a Bank, that failed. It does not 
thrive as its position would seem to promise. Immense 
amounts of lumber are shipped here for eastern states, 
and much cotton used to descend the river ; but the 
Central Railroad has diverted most of the produce to 
Savannah; the Gulph Railroad, which runs through 
north part of the county, will divert still more. Cotton 
brought here in 1827,47,000 bales. 

Thomas Spaulding^ who resided in this county, on 
Sapelo island, born in 74 and died in '51, was one of our 
most useful and distinguished men. He was in our Leg- 
islature, and Member of Coiigress, 1805-6. 

Gen. Lachlan Mcintosh, Major General during the 
Revolution, resided in this county ; after him this county 
received its name. Mrs. Ann Mcintosh, a native of 
Darien, died at Cedar Point in 1833, aged 100 years. 

78. Macon County has Taylor and Crawford N., 
Houston E., Dooly and Sumter S., Schley and Taylor W. 
Flint river runs through the eastern part, is the boundary 
10 miles ; Whitewater and Buck creeks are. in S. W. part. 
The railroad runs through eastern portion, and crosses 



MADISON. 93 

Flint river near S. part. This county was created by 
Legislature in Dec, 1837, out of Marion and Houstou. 

Lanier, situated in 1st district of old Muscogee, lots 
97 and 103, is the place of public business. It is on 
west side of Flint river, 12 miles Traveller's Rest, 30 
from Tazewell, old capital of Marion, 23 Perry, 27 
Knoxville, 50 Talbotton, 30 Americus, and 40 north 
Drayton, old capital of Dooly, selected in 1838. 

Hamburg, p. v., is in southern part. Orayigerville p. v., 
in the west. Marshallville is a p. v. on railroad, east 
part. Montezuma is another p. v. on east side of the 
river, and on the west is Oglethorpe, a considerable 
town, though in a state of dffapidation. When S. W. 
Railroad reached this point, say in 1851, the people im- 
agined it would never extend any further, and they be- 
gan to build a perinanent city — many of the buildings 
of brick, large, splendid, beautiful. Speculation in lots 
and dwellings was a profession, and everybody desired 
to be in Oglethorpe, as if bewitched by some unaccounta- 
ble hallucination. Soon as the cars moved on to Ameri- 
cus, thence to Albany, the bubble burst, and now they 
are removing houses, and they are falling into decay. 
Cotton in thousands of bags was sold here. 

Winchester and Marthasville are small villages on Rail- 
road, east side of Flint. 

Nathaniel Macon, a native of North Carolina, born 
1761 ; died 1837. He was in Princeton College during 
the Revolution, but left and joined the army. Member 
Congress 1791, and chosen Speaker in 1801, which post 
he held 6 years. In 1815 he was Senator, and continued 
till 1828. No man in Congress possessed as much weight 
of character ; he was patriot, statesman, not a mere 
politician. 

79. Madison County was laid out in 1811, from the 
surrounding counties ; Banks a new county, and Frank 
lin are North, Hart and Elbert East, Oglethorpe and 
Clarke South, Jackson West. Broad river runs through 
the Eastern part, and South Broad is the Southern 
boundary. '^iom.Q branches of Oconee are in the Western 
part. 



94 MARION. 

Danielsville, 87 N. M., 22 E. Jefferson, 16 N. N. E. 
Athens, 21 S. Carnesville, 45 N. W. Washington, 22 
N. Lexington, 1^ S. W. Madison Springs, is the seat of 
Justice. Post-offices by United States list are Danielsville, 
Brooklyn in S. part. Fort Lamar, Madison Springs N., 
Paoli, Planters' Stand ; Taylorsville in the W. has no 
post-office. 

Charles J. Jenkins^ a pious, intelligent man, once Col- 
lector of Port of Pensacola, resided in N. W. part of this 
county, father of Colonel J., of Augusta. He removed 
to Georgia from S. C, and about 1818 to Madison 
county. ^ 

James Sanders^ another deacon of the Baptist church, 
lived 4 miles S. of Danielsville. He lived to a good old 
age. Both loved to contribute of their substance to ad- 
vance the cause of religion and education. 

Oen. Allen Daniel^ after whom the town was named, 
was an intelligent legislator; so was his colleague S. 
Groves. 

James Madison was born in Orange county, Virginia, 
1750, and was graduated at Princeton ; a member of the 
old Congress, and distinguished himself in the Virginia 
legislature by a protest against an established religion. 
With Messrs. Hamilton and Jay, he was engaged in writ- 
ing for a work called "The Federalist," the design of 
which was to show the value of the Federal Constitution. 
Member Congress 1800. In 1801, appointed Secretary 
of State by Jefferson. In 1809, elected President of the 
United States, which office he held 8 years. In 1817, he 
retired to his farm in Orange. Died June, 1837. Mrs. 
Madison,- one of the most superior ladies that have ever 
done the honors of the Presidential mansion, survived him 
some 20 years. 

80. Maeion County has been handled without gloves : 
she and Muscogee together reached from Flint to Chatta- 
hoochee rivers in 1829 ; portions of Taylor, Macon and 
Schley have been torn from her original limits. In 1829, 
she ^s^as bounded by Talbot N, Flint river E, Lee and a 
corner of Kandolph S., Muscogee West. Now she has 



MEKRIWETHER. 95 

Talbot N, Taylor and Schley East, and a corner of 
Sumter ; AVebster South. Head waters of Kinchafoonee 
are in this county, and the Eailroad cuts the N. W. 
corner. 

Buena Vista, S. and E. of the centre, is tlie capital, 
made so in 1847. It is small, but a thriving place, and 
bas good schools, three or four in number ; Baptist meet- 
ing-house : about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Tazewell, old capital, is 6 miles N. E., near E. boundary 
of the county, and is a small post village. 

Pineville is a small post village in S. W. corner, witb a 
good school. 

Moss Hill, near tbis, has a fine scbool of 75 pupils. 

Fort Perry is in K. E. part. 

Olenalta post-ofiice is west side, 10 miles W. Court- 
house ; Pea ridge is S. E. 

Searsville is on S. line, bordering on Webster county. 

Francis Marion was born in Charleston, 1732, when 
tbe attack was made on Sullivan's Island, 1776, he was a 
major in Col. Moultrie's regiment, and with Gen. Greene 
at the Eutah Springs. He seldom failed to capture the 
enemy when he went on the errand. No man was more 
useful to S. C. during the war ; be lived in the woods 
and swamps, and was ever ready to attack bis foes. 
Died in 1795. 

81. Merriwether County has Coweta K, Spalding, 
Pike, and Upson E, Talbot and Harris South, Troup 
West. Flint river is the eastern boundary ; White and 
Bed Oak creeks fall into the Flint, and Flat Shoals run 
through Troup and Harris into Chattahoochee. Warm 
sulphur and cold springs are in South part, in the Pine 
mountains ; some 14 post-offices, viz : 

Erin N. E. Farmer's, Flat Shoals E. on Flint ; here is 
a bridge across the river, several houses, good Academy, 
Flouring mill, &c. Holly post-office N., Magdalene S. 
E. near the Springs. 

Oak Eidge IST. W. Eocky Mount, 15 N. Court-house. 

Warm Springs S., Warnerville JST. E., Cedar Eock 
Academy S. E. Court-house. 



96 MILTON. 

Oreeneville is the seat of justice, and is quite a large 
town, with Methodist and Baptist houses of worship ; 108 
miles W. M., 25 N. Talbotton, 12 East Flat Shoals on 
the Flint. Cotton market, Grriflan has been for years ; some 
now goes to the Railroad in Troup county. 

Gen. David Merriwether was born in Yirginia, 1755, 
was in the Revolutionary war and fought for his country's 
rights; settled in Wilkes 1715; Speaker of our Legislature 
several years ; he was a pious Methodist— his house was 
the house of prayer. Died near Athens, 1823. Some of 
his sons have been in Congress; James was one of the 
Commissioners at the Indian Springs Treaty. 

82. Miller County was formed out of Earl^ and 
Baker in 1856. Those two counties are on the North and 
East. Decatur on the South and Early West. The 
largest stream is Spring creek, which runs centrally 
through the county ; sparsely settled. 

Colquitt is the site of the public buildings ; small place. 

ISTo post-offices named in the county. 

Andrew J. Miller was born in Camden County, 1806, 
and settled himself in Augusta as a lawyer, 1825 ; Presi- 
dent of Georgia Senate ; distinguished Jurist and able 
Chairman ; Judge of the Augusta Circuit 1853. Died in 
1856. Some 18 years in our Legislature; beloved and 
respected by all. 

83. Milton County was laid out in 1857 from 
Cherokee, Forsyth, and Cobb. Those counties bound 
it on the N., K W. and S. W.— Gwinnette and DekaU) 
on the S. E. and S. Chattahoochee river separates it from 
the last named counties. 

Post-offices named Alpharetta, Freemansville N. E. 
cor., Farmhouse S. E., Warsaw E., Lebanon S. W., and 
Social Plill IST., are public places. 

The Capital is Alpharetta, formerly Miltonville, 6 m. 
K E. Rosvvel], 18 E. Marietta; about 250 inhabitants. 
Roswell is in this Co., not in Cobb. 

Col. John Milton was a soldier in the Revolution — was 
Sec'y of State of Ga. in 1789; he received two votes of 
the Ga. College of Electors for Vice President of U. S. 



MITCHELL — MONROE. 97 

His widow resided near Waynesboro', on her plantation, 
in 1819. His son, Gren. H. Y. Milton, resided in Louis- 
ville at the same time, and had been a soldier in the war 
of 1812. Both died in a few years. 

84. Mitchell Coukty was formed out of Baker, in 
1857 ; the 9th, lOtb, and 11th districts on the East side 
of Flint, with small portions of 8th and 12th, form the 
county. 

Post-offices are Gum Pond N. W., Yiola, McElvin- 
ville S. W., Pryor. Lile Oak Grove, W. of Court-house, 
is a noted place. Camilla is the seat of justice in 11th 
Dist., some 10 to 15 m. S. E. Newton. 

David Brady Mitchell^ of Scotch descent, was Judge of 
the Eastern Circuit as early as 1798, Solicitor in 96, 
Governor in 1809 and in 1815. 

85. Monroe County has Butts K, Jasper and Jones 
E., Bibb and Crawford W., Ocmulgee river is East, Tow- 
elaggie through Northern part, and Tobesofskee and 
Echaconnee in the Southern, falling into Ocmulgee ; some 
small streams also flow S. W. into Flint. This territory 
was acquired in 1821, and rapidly did the settlers press 
in to clear lands. This whole region has given much at- 
tention to education, Towelaggie Falls are in this Co., 
12 m. N. Court-house. 

Forsyth, 50 m. W. M., 27 S. W. Monticello, 25 N. N. 
W. Macon, 27 N. E. Zebulon, 20 S. Jackson, 27 S. E. 
Griffin, is the Capital : laid out in 1823. Baptists, Meth- 
odists, and Presbyterians have houses of worship, though 
the latter is going to decay, and the members few. 

Monroe Female University is located in this place, a 
school of high order. It was opened in 1850, and in 
1851: the present energetic President entered upon his 
duties. A good library and apparatus and cabinet of 
minerals are connected with the Institution. The build- 
ing for the " Botanical College,'' large and commodious 
has been purchased, and some 125 young ladies gener- 
ally in attendance, ten teachers, and about 30 graduates • 
domestic education is taught, viz., to cook, sew, cut gar- 
ments, &c. 



98 MONTGOMERY. 

Hilliard Institute^ half a mile west of the town, was open- 
ed in 1858, and is in a flourishing condition; over 80 
young men and boys. The county is full of schools; in 
1829 three Academies, Forsyth, Cicero and Rock Spring, 
— were reported. 

Culloden is a post village in S. AV; cor. of Monroe, 16 
m. S. E. Thoniaston, 16 S. W. Forsyth, 13 Knoxville, 
82 W. Macon. It has ever been famous for good schools. 
Central Female Institute is located here, and another es- 
tablished by Protestant Methodists. Meeting-houses for 
Methodists and Protestant Methodists, 'i he tow^n con- 
tains some 30 to 40 dwellings, and is located in a beauti- 
ful, level country. A Baptist church was organized 
here in 1858. 

Montpelier Springs, 17 m. W. Macon on the Thomaston 
road, w^as for some years a fashionable watering-place. 
It was purchased by the Episcopalians, and a good High 
School, under Bishop Elliot, was conducted for some 10 
years; but it has declined, and the property sold very 
cheap, to Rev, C. B. Martin, who opened a school, 1859. 
Some 9 post-offices and public places were here in 1829, 
viz : — Gulletsville, Pittsburgh, Paran, High Shoals, Will- 
son's Bridge: others are now on R. R. 

James Monroe, the 6th President of the U. S., was born 
in Va., the mother of Presidents, 1758 ; educated at Wm. 
and Mary's ; was in the Revolution at Trenton and other 
battles. He was Sec'y of State under Madison, Presi- 
dent 1817 to 1825; died 4th July, 1831, aged 72. 

86. Montgomery County has Laurens on the N., 
Emanuel E., Tatnall S. E. Appling and a corner of Cof- 
fee S., Telfair W. The Oconee cuts it in twain, and Lit- 
tle Ocmulgee forms most of the Western boundary. 

Boxville S. part. Little York on Alligator creek W., 
Sterling S. E. Hot House and Seward are post-offices. 
Colquitt is near the Altamaha, S. W. cor. 

Mount Vernon is the place of public business, 85 m. 
S. S. E. M., 100 W. N. W. Savannah, 100 N.Darien, 35 
N. W. Tatnall Court-house ; a small place, though over 
half a century old. 



MORGAN. 99 

Rev. Wilson Conner resided many years in this Co. ; 
was 18 years Justice of the Inferior Court, and member 
of the Legislature. The last years of his ministry were 
signally blessed: he died in the pulpit, in Telfair Co., in 
1844, 76 years old. 

Gen. Richard Montgomery^ a native of Ireland, fought 
with Wolf at Quebec. He was commander of the North- 
ern Department of our army in the Eevolution which 
captured Chamblee, St. John's, and Montreal, but he was 
killed in the attack on Quebec, 39th year of his age. 

87. Morgan County was laid out from North part 
of Baldwin, in 1807 ; a county of rich land, and has pro- 
duced the most bountiful crops. The Appalachee, which 
forms the entire eastern boundary, and Little Eiver in 
S.W. part, are the principal streams; Indian and Hard- 
labor creeks. A good merchant mill, 4 miles N. E. 
Court-house, was on this creek as early as 1830, owned 
by Mr. Boon. 

Ebenezer in the S.W., near Little River, Double Shoals 
on Appalachee N. E., are the sites of post-offices, except 
those on Eailroad. 

Wdlington N. E., and Rehobothville extreme N. W.,are 
villages with a few houses; Parksbridge on the Oconee; 
Kingston 3 miles W., Evansville S. W., near Antioch 
Meeting-house, and old factory, are public places. 

Madison is the seat of justice, 43 miles N. N. W. M., 
22 N Eatonton,27 S. S. W. Athene 18 W. Greenesboro, 
102 miles by Railroad, Augusta. It contains houses of 
worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists; 
the latter was built in 1833 ; the Methodists had long 
been in existence, and Presbyterians worshipped in the 
Male Academy, taught many years ago by Mr. Alden. 

Georgia Female and Madison Female Colleges are in 
this place, good institutions ; the former has been in 
operation near twenty years — chartered in 1849. The 
Ga. Railroad ran its cars to this place about 1839, which 
was the terminus some years ; this gave it great enlarge- 
ment. 

Colonel Bedney Franklin, Solicitor of Ocmulgee Cir- 



100 MUERAY. 

cuit, Lazarus Battle, and Reuben Mann, were among the 
early settlers. Grovernor Wilson Lumpkin resided several 
years 4 miles W. Court-house. Dr. John Wingfield, 
whose goodness and pleasant smile, enough to make a 
crowd feel cheerful, will never be forgotten. 

Rev. John E. Dawson resided over a quarter of a cen- 
tury, and was ordained, in this county. 

Judge Isaac Walker, and his father John, died in this 
county, long residents. 

Gen. Daniel Morgan entered the army with Brad dock 
in 1755 ; was at Quebec, and when Montgomery was 
killed, the brunt of the battle fell upon him, and he was 
taken prisoner. He fought bravely at Saratoga; was 
with Gates at Camden, and Greene in the Southern De- 
partment ; defeated Tarlton at the Cow pens, and spread 
terror among the British and tories. He led a rifle 
corps that performed deadly work among the enemy. 
Born in Kew Jersey ; died July, 1802. 

88. Murray County has been diminished nearly 
half, by the formation of Whitefield out of its western 
side. Tennessee is N., Fannin and Gilmer E., Gordon 
S., and Whitefield W. The Connesauga is the vfestern 
boundary, and Coosawattee part of the southern. Holly 
and Mill creeks are in the county. 

Spring Place, a missionary station as early as 1801, 
within 4 miles of Connesauga river, western part of the 
county, is the capital, and lias been for a good many 
years ; 194 N. W. of M., 30 W. Ellijay. 

Cohutta Springs are 12 miles N. Court-house, and has 
a post-ofi&ce, Coosawattee in S. E., Fancy Hill, Holly 
Creek S. W., Woodlavvn N. W., are also post-offices. 
Iron-works N. E. corner; l-'actory N. W. ; Pleasant Val- 
ley 7 mile N. Court-house, Rock Spring S. E. are public 
places. 

TJios. W. Murray was frequently in our legislature 
from Lincoln, and a while Speaker of the House. He 
died while a candidate for Congress, in 1833. Born in 
Lincoln, 1790. He was a pious man, and member of a 
Baptist Church, faithful and prompt in the discharge of 
duty. 



MUSCOGEE. % 101 

89. Muscogee County has Harris N., Marion and a 
corner of Talbot E., Chattahoochee S., and Alabama W. ; 
5 post-offices ; Wynnton^ a kind of suburban village, is 
on the Bluff, H miles N. E. the Court-house; several 
families with large lots reside here. 

Colmnhus^ post town and capital, Muscogee county, 
and named after Christopher Columbus, is situated at 
the foot of the falls* on the east bank of the Chatahoo- 
chee river, 800 miles above its confluence with the Flint. 
The river just below the falls is only 854 feet wide, but 
soon widens to 250 yards. 

The^town, elevated 60 feet above the ordinary height 
of the river, covers 1,200 acres. Two of the streets, 
running parallel with the river, and directly N. and S., 
are 165 feet wide, and six others 132 ; those intersecting 
these at right angles, twelve in number, are 99 feet in 
width. The Commissioners laid off 614 half-acre lots, 
(beside 10-acre and 100-acre lots in reserve,) and beg^n 
to sell on the 10th July, 1828, and they brought, each, 
from 100 to 1,859 dollars! At that time there were 800 
or 900 persons on the ground, some living in temporary 
cabins, and others in good two-story buildings, which 
they afterwards removed to the lots as they purchased. 
In December, Columbus contained about 100 framed 
buikiings, most of which were finished and neatly paint- 
ed, beside two good brick buildings under way. 

The water of the river is clear and good ; and as there 
is an ascent of 111 feet in four miles up the stream, facili- 
ties will be afforded to conduct it to any part of the town 
by aqueducts, giving thereby freshness to the air and 
pleasure to the sight, hy jets cfeau. 

There is an easy and safe steamboat communication 
between this town and the Gulf of Mexico ; and boats 
are plying between it and New Orleans. The distance 
to the confluence with the Flint is 300 miles ; to the 
Appalachicola Bay 430. The Steubenville, 133 feet in 



* The Indians called the falls We-tump-kah, signifying, in their lan- 
guage, troubled waters. 



102 NEWTON. 

length, 117 in the keel, carrying 1,100 barrels and draw- 
ing 5 feet water, it is said, can navigate tlie river ut any 
season. Passages to the bay are made in 52 to 86 hours. 

Columbus is 128 miles W. S.W. Milledgeville, and 11 
above Ft. Mitchell. The best road for carriages, when 
the season is dry, is via Clinton and Forsyth. 

Columbus contains the usual public buildings — Court- 
house, Jail, and houses of worship for Methodists, Bap- 
tists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Catholics; and 
academies. A fine bridge connects the town with a 
small one on the Alabama side, called Girard. In 1830, 
population was 1,152; in November, 1835, 3,624; in 
1837, estimated at 5,000 ; 1859, 10,000. One of the 
most beautiful towns in the State. 

Columbus contains three cotton factories, another three 
miles north, a paper factory, two founderies, marble 
works, four flouring and corn mills, furniture or variety 
wprks, &c. Meeting-houses for Methodists, Presby- 
terians, Episcopalians, Catholics, and Baptists, besides 
three for colored persons. Sales of cotton from 100 to 
150,000 bags. One bank and five agencies. 

Muscogee County received its name to perpetuate the 
generic tribes of Indians which formerly inhabited 
Georgia and Alabama. They removed west some years 
ago, and are settled on the waters of Arkansas river 
in the Indian Territorj'. They have several native 
preachers. The son and other descendants of Gen. Wm. 
Mcintosh proclaim the gospel. Many have been gath- 
ered into the churches. 

90. Newton County has Walton and Gwinnette north, 
Morgan and Jasper south-east and south, Butts and Hen- 
ry south and south-west, Dekalb north-west. The In- 
dian title was extinguished in 1817. Streams are Alco- 
vee. Yellow, and South Ocmulgee rivers. Some twelve 
post-offices. 

Covington^ p. t. and cap., Newton county, named after 
General Covington, an officer in our late war, is situated 
on a ridge of land 3|- miles east of the Yellow river, 3 
west of the Alcovee, and about 15 above the confluence 



OGLETHORPE. % 103 

of those rivers ; 67 N. W. Milledgeville ; 20 S. Law- 
renceville ; 24 N. W. Madison ; 28 E. Decatur ; 18 S. 
W. Monroe, crossing the Alcovee at Whil ley's, 13 miles 
from town, but 22 via Quert's Bridge, 3 miles from Cov- 
ington. This latter way is the best road for carriages. 
It contains 52 houses, court-house, jail, academy, 15 
stores, besides offices and shops, meeting-houses for Bap- . 
tists and Methodists. The road is good to Lawrenceville 
and to Madison. 

Covington has increased rapidly in size, and greatly in 
tasteful appearance. It has now 150 famiUes, and a popu- 
lation of about 1300. The Protestant Methodists have 
erected a house of worship. A bookstore, with a good 
assortment of books and stationery, is established here. 
6 lawyers, 3 doctors, and 50 mechanics. Distances — 36 
Eatonton, 25 Jackson, Social Circle 12, Newborn 12. 

The Georgia Conference Manual Labor School was lo- 

' Gated near this place, and Emory College is two miles 

north; besides several houses of worship and large 

female college. This place has vastly improved since 

1837. 

Three or four factories in this county and 20 mills. 
Emory College is some 2^ miles north, at Oxford. 
Masonic Female College is in town of Covington, and 
has many pupils. 

Solomon Graves and Joel Colly were among the early 
settlers. The first was several times chosen elector of 
President ; the other was a Baptist minister, but of slen- 
der advantages in early life. 

Palmyra Academy, Newborn post-office, south-east part 
of the county, has been seven years under the charge of 
Mr. Cheeney. Over 100 girls and boys, with 5 teachers. 
Several young men have been fitted for junior class in 
college. 

John Newton was a companion of Jasper, during the 
Ke volution, and aided him to rescue the prisoners at the 
Spring near Savannah. In the capitulation of Charles- 
ton, 1780, Sergent was among the prisoners, and died of 
the small-pox. 



104 OGLETHORPE. 

He was born in Charleston, in January, 1755. Soon 
after the war, his father, Kev. John Newton, who had 
preached to the Baptist Church in Charleston, removed 
to Georgia, and resided near Fenn's Bridge, on the Oge-. 
chee, in the neighborhood of Providence Church. 

91. Oglethoepe County, has Madison north, Elbert 
north-east, Wilkes east, Taliaferro south-east, Greene 
south, and Clarke west. The title to this territory was 
extinguished by treaty with the Creeks and Cherokees in 
1783. 

Lexington is the seat of justice, 64 miles IST. N. E. Mil- 
ledgeville, 25 N. Greensboro', 76 N. W. Augusta, 25 W. 
Washington, 16 S. E. Athens, 22 S. Danielsville, and 26 
S. Elberton. Two academies, houses of worship for 
Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians. The Meson 
Academy is endowed with $18,000 by Francis Meson — 
opened about 1806. 

Gov. Mathews, Gov. Gilmer, Wm. H. Crawford, Ste- 
phen Upson, Daniel Dupree, Kev. Miller Bledsoe, a 
Eevolutionary soldier, are buried in this county. 

Judge T. W. Cobb resided here many years. George, 
Joseph H., and John H. Lumpkin, their nephew, Mem- 
ber of Congress and judge in Cherokee, were born 
in this county. Gov. Mathews, who resided in north- 
east part, near the Goose Ponds, was a soldier of the 
Revolution ; a very singular man, rather apt to be ex- 
cited, 

Bairdstown is a small post village in south part of the 
county, on the railroad. Crawford is 3 miles west Court- 
house; Maxey's is south ; Millstone is in north-east, near 
Broad river ; Philomath is south-east, near Woodstock ; 
Point Peter is north. State Rights is a small place 
south-east, and Bowling Green is eight miles south Court- 
house. Stephens is another place. The branch railroad 
to Athens leaves Lexington 3|- miles east. 

Oglethorpe was the narfie of Georgia's first governor in 
1738. For some thirty years he managed the affairs of 
the colony with great prudence and foresight. When 



PAULDING — PICKENS. 105 

the Eevolutionary War broke out, he was residing in 
England, his native land, and offered the command of 
the army, but he refused. 

92. Paulding County was organized in 1832, but 
has been lessened by the portion that forms Polk. 

Headwaters of Tallapoosa that run south-west into 
Alabama, and Pumpkin Vine creek that runs north into 
Etow^ah, are in this county. Cass is north, Cobb east, 
Campbell and Carroll south, Haralson and Polk west. 

Dallas is the capital, centrally located. 

Vanwert, the old capital, is in Polk, some seventeen 
miles west of the new. Paulding and Yanwert and Wil- 
liams were the captors of Major Andre, a J^ritish spy, 
October, 1780, who had had correspondence with Ar- 
nold, and had arranged to deliver up West Point to the 
English. He tried to bribe them, but, though poor, they 
were proof against his gold. The two names ought to be 
in the same county. 

There are gold mines in this county ; some eight post- 
offices ; and New Babjdon in south-west. 

Such fidelity as John Paulding^ s should be rewarded 
and held up to public admiration, that it may find imita- 
tors. The Georgia Legislature has sanctioned the doings 
of Congress in regard to Paulding, by naming a county 
after him. That medal voted him by Congress and pre- 
,sented by Washington, inscribed " Vincit amor patrice^''^ 
was enough to swell any patriotic heart with joy. New 
York City erected a monument to his memory. He was 
born in New York 1769 ; died 1818. 

93. Pickens County was formed out of Gilmer and 
Cherokee, in 1856. Gilmer is N., Gilmer and Dawson 
E.. Cherokee S., Gordon W. Talking Rock creek falls 
into Coosawatta river near the old Indian town ; Moun- 
tain creek runs S. into Etow'ah river. Several marble 
quarries ; Statuary marble in S. E. part. 

Jasper is the seat of justice, centrally situated, but all 
is yet new. 

Seven post-offices. Then New Liberty in W., Ber- 



106 PIERCE — PIKE. 

rien in S. W., Harnageville, an old Indian stand, S. E., 
near marble works, are public places. 

The Pickens family, in South Carolina, has been illus- 
trious many years: it was known in many Eevolution- 
ary battles in that State, and in Georgia, and in the 
Councils of the nation in later times. Oen. Andrew 
Pickens was at Kettle Creek battle in Wilkes, and at 
the siege of Augusta. He was a laborious soldier and 
self denying patriot. 

94. Pierce County was taken from Appling and 
Ware, in 1857. Appling is N., parts of Wayne and 
Charlton E., Charlton S., Ware and a corner of Appling 
W. Head streams of St. Ilia run through it and bound 
a portion on the N. E. and also S. W. 

Blacksliear, after Gen. David Blackshear, of Laurens 
county, a soldier and legislator, is the seat of justice, 
situated on the middle branch of St. Ilia, called Hurricane 
creek. New place. 

Zero is a post-office, near Initial Point. Strickland 
post-office is in N. W., and Grey's in S. central, 9th 
District, 

K. K. from Savannah runs through this county. 

Oen. Frankin Pierce^ an officer in the late Mexican 
war, 12th President of the United States, was born in 
New Hampshire, 1801 ; inaugurated March, 1858 ; 
Member of Congress from New Hampshire. 

95. Pike County has Spalding N., Monroe E., Up- 
son S., Merriwether W. Portions of the Pine mountains 
are in this county, and form the boundary between it 
and Upson on the S. Spurs are visible near Barnes- 
ville, which become a continuous range to Flint river, 
which flows through them, when they rise again form- 
ing the boundary between Merriwether and Talbot, and 
bending S. W. in Harris, reach Chattahoochee river be- 
tween Mountain and Mulberry creeks. Plainly seen 
from Griffin, some 15 miles S. and S. W. Flint river is 
W., and Elkins and Potatoe creeks are in this county. 

Zehulon is the capital, 12 miles S. Griffin, 77 W. Mil- 
ledgeville, 27 S. Fayetteville, 17 N. W. Thomaston, 30 



POLK. ^ 107 

W. Indian Springs, 25 Forsyth. Since the R. R. brings 
every thing to their doors at Griffin and Barnesville, 
Zebulon, out of the way, is rather on the decline. 

Barnesville^ post village, is in S. E. corner of the 
county, where a R. R. diverges, 18 miles S. E. Griffin, 
from the Macon and Western, and runs to Thomaston, 
some 18 miles. It has an academy, two houses of wor- 
ship, hotels, shops, stores, and some 50 dwellings. 

Liberty Hill is another post village in N. E. part, 12 
miles N. Barnesville. 

Milner is on the R. R, 6 miles from Barnesville, a 
post-office and 5 or 6 houses, with a steam mill, nearly 
central between Macon and Atlanta. 

Harmony is 4 miles W. Milner. 

Van Buren is in I^. E. corner ; 20 houses and 2 
schools ; 14 Forsyth, 12 Griffin. 

Williamsville is in the S. W., and Hollands N. W. 

Zebu on Montgomery Pike spent some years in explor- 
ing the country west of the Mississippi, by direction of 
the Government. He was a most strict disciplinarian, yet 
the idol of his troops. He was killed by an explosion of a 
mine of powder at Little York, Canada, 27th April, 1813. 
Born in New Jersey, 1779. Congress order a large 
frigate built soon after his death, to be called " General 
Pike," as a token of respect. County named 1822. 

96. Polk County was taken chiefly from Paulding in 
1851. Floyd and a corner of Cass N., Pauling E., 
Harralson S., Alabama W. Euharlee creek runs N. E. 
into Etow^ah and Cedar, N. W. into Coosa river. Dug 
Down mountain in S. part. 

Cedar 2ow7i, in Cedar Valley, and near Cedar Creek, 
is the county town, 10 miles from Cave Spring, 24 Dal- 
las, and 20 from Rome. New, and not a large place. 

Post-offices are, Punkin Pile, 10 miles S. Court-house, 
and Vanwert, in the N. E. 

Mineral springs are in S. W., Esom Hill W. 

Camp Ground 8 miles W. Court-house, Mount Ver- 
non academy N. 

In Cedar Valley is a good Female school. 



108 PULASKI — PUTNAM. 

Slate Quarry is near Vanwert, the old capital of 
Paulding. Tiiis slate is of an excellent quality and 
easily obtained, and can be furnished on the R. Rs. for 
about $10 per square , i. e., enough to cover 100 square 
feet. 

Yellow Stone was a post-office, but not on the last 
United States list. 

James K. PolJc^ 10th President of the United States; 
a native of North Carolina, 1795 ; died 15th of June, 
1849, in Tennessee, where he had spent most of his life. 
He was Member of Congress and Speaker during Jack- 
son's administration ; a most excellent chairman, with a 
fine, sonorous voice. He conducted the Mexican war, 
the commencement of which was somewhat unusual. 

97. Pulaski County is bounded N. by Twiggs and 
Houston, E. by Laurens, S. by Telfair, S. W. by Wil- 
cox, and W. by Dooly and a corner of Houston. The 
Ocmulgee runs through the W. part. Gum Swamp 
creek through the E., and falls into Little Ocmulgee. 

Hawhinsville^ on the W. side of the river, is the capi- 
tal, and is quite a flourishing place. 62 miles S. S. W. 
Milledgeville, 44 N. W. Jacksonville. 

Hartford was the place of public business till 1836. 
Perhaps it is not so health}^ 

Sea shells in abundance are found on the banks of the 
river. 

Lawson is a post-office, in S. W. part ; Longstreet in N. 
W., a long village of several houses with Baptist meet- 
ing-house, also Cross creek post-office S. W. Public pla- 
ces are Walker^s in the N., Gum Swamp N. E. 

Count Pulashi, a Brigadier General in our Revolution- 
ary army, was a Polander of distinguished birth, courage, 
and patriotism. He failed in his efforts to restore his 
own country to freedom. Mortally wounded in the at- 
tack on Savannah, 1779. Savannah has erected a monu- 
ment to his memory. 

98. Putnam County has Morgan on the IST., Greene 
and Hancock on the E., Baldwin and Jones on the S. 
and Jasper on the W. 



PUTNAM. * 109 

• This county was erected from Baldwin in 1807. The 
first Superior Court was held at Hillsboro', by Judge 
Early, in February, 1808 ; and the next session in Ea- 
tonton, in August, in the building lately occupied by 
Mr. Randall, as a storehouse. The first election was 
held in January, 1808, and 540 votes given for county 
officers. Eatonton is the capital. 

Public Places^ Hillsboro', Half Acre, Cross Roads. 

Eatonton^ Post-town and capital, Putnam county, 
named after General Eaton, for some years consul in the 
Barbary States, is situated 21 miles N. K. W. Milledge- 
ville ; 22 miles S. W. Greensboro ; 22 S. S. E. Madison ; 
18 E. Monticello; 28 N. N. E. Clinton ; 28 N. W. Spar- 
ta, and contains Court-house, which cost 6,000 dollars; 
Jail ; two Academies ; brick Masonic Hall ; a branch of 
the State Bank, and one of the finest houses of worship 
in the up-country. In this, which cost $6,000, the Bap- 
tists and Presbyterians worship. To the meeting-house 
is attached a fine toned bell, weighing three hundred 
pounds. A good bell is a great convenience in a vil- 
lage. The Academies and meeting-house aresitiiated in 
a most beautiful grove. With the Academies is con- 
nected a Library, which cost 600 dollars, and which has 
since been enlarged, and a Philosophical Apparatus pur- 
chased in London, for $2,500. 

The citizens have evinced considerable tasto in their 
public buildings, and much public spirit in erecting 
them. The fence around the grove needs repairing. — 
Population in November, 1828, 726; 379 whites, and 
847 blacks. The number of houses is 69 ; doctors 6, 
lawyers 7, shops, etc. 85 ; four-wheel carriages 18. 

Among the "venerable dead" in the cemetery near the 
meeting-house, lie the remains of Stephen W. Harris, for 
a number of years Judge of our Superior Court. 

The lots for this town were sold on the 14th April, 
1808. The hrsi framed building was erected during this 
year, by Wm. Williams, and is now occupied by Mr. 
Holt, as a shoe store. 

Eatonton hasgrown — some fine buildings erected since 



110 PUTNAM. 

1837. The Methodists built a new meeting-house in* 
1857. The male Academy is on the S. E. border of the 
Town, instead of being in the Grove near the Female 
School. Here Jesse Mercer preached many years, till 1827. 

Distinguished men have resided in this county. 
Judges S. W. Harris, Shorter, andMerriwether, W. W. Ma- 
son, Chancellor of Alabama, Charles P. Gordon, a Legis- 
lator and pious man : died 1836. Thomas Cooper, father 
of Colonel Mark A.Cooper, of CaSvS, Wm. Flourney^ both 
intelligent and benevolent men. Bev. John Collingsworth, 
a Methodist preacher, resided and died in this county, a 
man of prayer and faithfulness. Doct Henry Branham, 
one of the earliest physicians, lived to a good old age. 
The Great Revival of 1827 began in Eatonton, during 
which over 20,000 persons were hopefully converted. 

The first convention on the subject of railroads was 
held in Eatonton, September, 1831, attended by some 80 
delegates from over 30 counties. Liberty, Chatham, 
Kichmond, Talbot, Campbell, etc., were represented. 
This meeting was called by C. P. Gordon and W. W. 
Mason, and others. It was resolved that at the ensuing 
Legislature, a charter be asked for a railroad from Au- 
gusta to this place, which was granted; but altered to 
go to Athens and Madison at the next session. 

Turnwold Academy is 10 miles N. E. 

Arrarat W. Enon, Harmouv near Glades ^ Eoads, 
Tirzah 7 miles W., Fairfield S.^K, Salem S. W- 

Hear7iville is a post-office, and few houses in K W. 
corner of the county. 

Bockville is 9 miles E. of the Court-house. There are 
other public spots besides the other post-ofi5ces. 

TheFactory on Little river, 3 miles W. of the Court- 
house, is a public spot, where a house of worship has 
been built for the laborers. 

Camp Ground, 7 miles S. E. 

Rexi, Alonzo Churchy now President of Franklin Col- 
lege, taught the Academy in Eatonton several years, 
and was called hence to be a Professor in the College. 
As a teacher he sustained a high reputation. 



QUITMAN. * 111 

Bev. Carlisle Beman has also taught in this place. 

Israel Putnam was born in Salem, Massachusetts, iu 
1718 ; was Commander at the battle of Banker's Hill, 
17th June, 1775. Greneral Warren, the first distinguish- 
ed martyr to Liberty, was killed in this battle. Died in 
Connecticut, 1790. In his last years he was a religious 
man, and his hou^ was the house of prayer. General 
Putnam was the oldest Major-General in the army for 
several years prior to his death. 

99. Quitman County was cut out of Randolph and 
Stewart, in 1858. Stewart is K, Randolph E., Clay and 
corner of Randolph S., Chattahochee river W. The 
railroad, which diverges from " South Western," on S. 
boundary of Sumter, at Smithsville, terminates in this 
county just S. of Georgetown, opposite Eufaula in Ala- 
bama. Pataula, a large creek, runs through the S. E. part, 
on which are falls that would turn any kind of machinery."^ 

Georgdown is the seat of justice, 27 miles S. W. of 
Lumpkin, near Chattahochee river. It will soon grow 
into notice and enlargement, and probably extend its 
limits S. to the railroad depot. The cars reached this 
spot in June, 1860. 

Bladen Greek post-office N. E. corner. 

Pataula is a public place 9 miles S. E. of the Court- 
house. 

Gen, Quitman was Member of Congress from Mississip- 
pi, and an officer in the late Mexican war ; died 1859. 

100. Rabun County forms the N. E. corner of the 
State. North Carolina is on the N., South Carolina E., 
Habersham, separated by Tallulah river is S., and Towns 
county W. Nature has provided the Blue Ridge for its 
Western boundary. County was organized in 1821 or 
1822. 

Clayton is the capital, 156 miles N. Milledgville, 23 
Clarksville, 12 N. Tallulah Falls, and 20 S. Franklin in 
North Carolina. Laid out in 182L 



* Why does not enterprise lay hold of this spot, now called Lowell, 
and make it what its namesake in N. E. is ? It is begun. 



112 RABUN. 

Like Clarksville this is a high and healthy spot ; and 
it would be a kind of generous charity, to leave with the 
tavern-keepers in those two places, some of the loose 
change which is bestowed so freely on our northern 
haunts of pleasure : provided, nevertheless.^ that they will 
make their houses of entertainment as comfortable and 
desirable as have their neighbors at Athens, and at Pen- 
dleton and Greenville, in our sister State. What is the 
state of the pubhc houses at Clayton and Clarksville, I 
know not. There is at least one good one at Gainesville ; 
but there is so little attention paid to them in some places, 
that I will leave one remark for those who conduct them : 
sheeting is easily made, and chickens easily raised : give 
a genteel traveller a clean bed, a broiled chicken, and a 
cup of coffee^ (not stained water,) and he will not com- 
plain : no, he will forego the gratification of his appetite 
for the luxuries and sweet things of Savannah and Au- 
gusta, and remain the summer with you, to inhale your 
mountain air, and drink your pure water ; but give him 
a dirty bed, sheets that any one else has lain in, without 
washing, and he is gone! Let the tavern-keepers of 
these two places repair the road to Athens, prepare com- 
fortable accommodations (if they have not already) for 
genteel company, and they need not fear but that in a few 
summers, as many visitants will flock to them as do now 
to Pendleton and Greenville. 

Clayton is the most northerly town in the State, except 
Hiwassee in Towns, being not more than ten miles S. of 
the 35°. 

Wm. Eabur),.Si native of Halifax, North Carolina, 
in 1771, was many years President of the Senate; Gov- 
erner, ex officio and elected Governer in 1817. He was 
a member and chorister of Po^velton church many years, 
and a truly religious man ; giving aid to all the benevo- 
lent institutions of the age. Like some small men^ he was 
not bloated by office. In a correspondence, when he was 
Governor, with Gen. Jackson, he exhibited great strength 
of intellect. 

Died while Governor, at his plantation, Oct., 1819. Dr. 



EANDOLPH— RICHMOND. * 113 

Mercer, at the request of the Legislature, preached his fun- 
eral sermon. 

101. Randolph County has Stewart and Webster N., 
Terrell E., Calhoun and Clay S., and Cla}^ and Quitman 
W. In 1829, Randolph and Lee extended from Chatta- 
hoochee to Flint, and from Muscogee and Marion on N., 
to Early and Baker on the S. Head waters of Ichaway- 
nochaway are in this county. Laid ont in 1828 from 
Lee. 

Guthbert is the capital, a place of much importance, the 
seat of " South-Western Female College," which has been 
in operation some 7 years. The cars reached this spot 
in June ; here the road divides ; one branch runs to Fort 
Gaines S. W., the other W. N. W. to Eufaiila. 

Some 9 post-offices ; Brooksville is in N. E., Buford S., 
on Pachitla creek near Utah. Odchodka is an Indian name, 
and has a post-office, but mnst be in Quitman. Pinior is 
W. of Court-house. Pumpkintown is 10 miles N. Court- 
house. 

John Randolph was an eccentric character, a native of 
Virginia, in 1778, and descended from Pocahontas. So 
young did he appear when he first went to take his seat 
in Congress, that the Speaker seemed unwilling to quali- 
fy him, and asked him if he was of age : "Ask my constitu- 
ents," was his answer. Member of Congress and Senator 
several years ; Minister to Russia, in 1830. Died in Phil- 
adelphia, 1884, on his Avay to Europe. 

102. Richmond County is one of the early settled coun- 
ties. Houses were built in Augusta, in 1735. Men trading 
with the Indians for peltry resorted to this place. Mc 
Bean's creek forms the Southern boundary between this 
and Burke. 

Bath and Mount Enon are on Spirit Creek, 14 or 15 
miles S. W. Augusta. 

Mount Enon 'was the site of an Academy where seve- 
ral young men were instructed, from 1807 to 1811. Both 
places are now used as summer retreats chiefly, by fami- 
lies from Burke. Bath had in 1836, 14 families ; Presby- 
terian Meeting-house, Academy, etc. This is a healthy 



114 RICHMOND. 

region, of pure water, sandy soil, rising into considerable 
elevation. Dr. Flenry Holcomb made his home here be- 
fore he went to Philadelphia. Kev. C. 0. Scriven was 
the first Rector of the Academy. 

Augusta^ city and cap., Richmond county, is the second* 
town for srze in the State. The Savannah river here has 
a large bt'nd, so that the town stands on the south-west 
bank, 88 miles E. K E. Milledgeville, 127 N. N. W. 
Savannah, 140 N. W. Charleston, 83 W, Columbia, 23 
S. S. W. Edgefield Court-house. Latitude 33.° 33', 
longitude 5° 18". The town is well laid out, the streets 
are wide, meeting each other at right angles, and orna- 
mented with trees, and many of the houses are spacious 
and elegant. The public buildings are an elegant city 
hall, 120 feet by 60 feet, three stories high ; a masonic 
hall ; a spacious academy, the main body of which is 45 
by 40 feet, with two wings 93| by 32 feet, containing 
commodious rooms for the rector and other instructors ; 
court-house, jail, theatre, arsenal, hospital, female asjdum. 
building for free school, two markets, five banks, and 
seven houses for public worship, viz: one for Presbyte- 
rians, one f )r Methodists, one for Episcopalians, one for 
Baptists, one for Roman Catholics, one for Unitarians, 
and one for Africans. 

The City Hall is a most splendid building, and a beau- 
tiful ornament to the city ; the cost was $100,000. The 
houses of worship for the Baptists, Methodists, and Uni- 
tarians, are on Greene street; the Presbyterian, which 
has an excellent clock, on Telfair street, and the Episco- 
palian near the bridge. 

The Methodist house was built about 1805, Presbyte- 
rian 1808 or 9 ; Catholic about 1815 ; Episcopal about 
1820; Baptist 1820; Unitarian 1828. 

Among the benevolent institutions of Augusta ought 
not to be forgotten its " Poor School," which has been 
supported a number of years by private liberality, and 
has now one hundred pupils. Lately it has become a 
fortunate legatee ; Dr. Anderson Watkins, well known 
as a gentleman of great benevolence, has bequeathed to 
it $5,000, and Mr. Campbell a similar sum. 



RICHMOND. * 115 

In the Academy are seventy pupils. The salary of the 
rector is $1,500, and that of the English teacher $1,000. 
A branch of the Academy is located at the Sand hills, 
and the salary of its teacher is $200, besides the taiiion 
money. The annual income of the Academy is more 
than $4,000, arising from rents, tuition money, &c. 

Augusta is a place of much trade. More than 250,000 
bags of cotton are annually deposited here, and thence 
carried down the river to Savannah and Charleston, for 
the European and Northern markets. From October 1, 
1825, to October 1, 1826, there were 143,633 bags of 
cotton stored in this place. Here are 20 warehouses, 
large buildings, from 300 to 500 feet long, and 40 broad, 
to secure the immense quantities of produce and mer- 
chandise brought to town. Broad street, where the 
greatest part of the produce is sold, is 180 feet wide, and 
two miles long, passing nearly through the centre of the 
city. 

There are ten to fifteen steamboats on the river, which 
perform a trip in four or five days, and carry passengers, 
and from 800 to 1,000 bags of cotton. Besides these, 
there are pole boats, which take from 500 to 1000. 

Augusta supplies all the up-country, east of the Oconee, 
and a good deal west of it, with merchandise ; she also 
sends many tons into Tennessee, and into North and 
South Carolina. Recently, however, Hamburg, a small 
town opposite, on the South Carolina side, founded in 
1821, has supplied some goods for the Carolinas. A 
bridge, four hundred yards long, connects the two towns. 

Five papers are issued from the Augusta press. 

The first house in Augusta was built in 1735, by Gen- 
eral Oglethorpe. Near the spot where the Episcopal 
Church now stands, a British fort, commanded by Col. 
Brown, was surrendered to the Americans. Gen. Pickens, 
and Cols. Clarke and Lee commanded. The Legislature 
met here in 1776. 

The city is governed by a mayor and members of coun- 
cil. 



116 KICHMOND. 

Freights to Savannah are from one dollar to 37 1 cents 
per bag ; to Charleston $1 50 to 75 cents. 

Olden History. — In the fall of 1776, there were not 
more than forty or fifty houses — most of these log. The 
river was then crossed by a ferry-boat, owned by Mr. 
Hicks, just where the bridge now crosses. Families re- 
membered to be there residing were, Messrs. Bug, Glas- 
cock, Walton, McLean, &c. Harrisburg was then a 
plantation, but houses were raised there about 1794. 
Soon after the termination of the Ee volution, people 
flocked here in scores: Ennis, Jack, J. Wilson, Connell, 
Bush, Fox, &c., were merchants; Criswell, DeAmmon, 
and Leigh, were mechanics; soon Brown, Gardner, two 
Tubmans, Longstreet, Wallace, &c., were settled in this 
place. 

In 1805 there were no buildings west of Bennoch's 
corner, on Campbell and Broad streets ; all west, where 
the Planter's Hotel is situated, was a cornfield. Around 
the site of the new market, was a cluster of houses called 
Springfield, and a house of worship for the blacks. Here 
was Grayson's fort during the war. There were some 
houses in Harrisburg, and an old tobacco ware-house 
near the river ; this was used in the late war as barracks 
for the soldiers. The lower part of the town below the 
bridge was then the most populous and fashionable. 
Ashton^s Beireat, low i^v^ii-rioi Broad street, was the re- 
sort for the fashionables of the day. Public houses then 
were Eagle Tavern, on Eeynold street, and City Hotel, 
where the Eagle and Phoenix now stands. There were 
no warehouses at this period for the reception of cotton, 
but McKinnc's was soon built, just above the bridge. 
Each purchaser of cotton weighed it before his own door, 
where it remained, piled up among the trees on the side- 
walks, till sent off in boats. Barter was then much_ in 
vogue, and the proportion to the amount in goods which 
the seller would take, frequently would control the price 
of the article. 

At three or four gin-houses much of the cotton raised 
in the vicinity, and in Burke, was cleaned. One near 



KICHMOND. 117 

the Methodist Meeting-house, and one near Fox's cor- 
ner, are still standing, having been converted into dwell- 
ings. 

Doctor Wray opened a drug store in 1802, on the north 
side of Broad street, near his present residence. Doctor 
Murray, as a physician, had sold drugs prior to this pe- 
riod, but his stock was small. 

The old Court-house"^ was on the river bank, and here 
the Legislature assembled for some years. It is believed 
that they assembled afterwards in a house on Greene 
street, below Doctor Anthony's ; this house was burned 
some twenty years ago. 

Augusta has suffered severely from fires within the last 
ten years. In February, 1829, several buildings were 
burned west of the Planter's Hotel, on south side of 
Broad street ; but in April of the same year, a fire broke 
out in the day-time in Ellis street, and swept every build- 
ing almost to the river; hundreds of families were house- 
less. In the fall of 1836, several buildings were con- 
sumed on Broad street, in front of the Planter's Hotel. 

Through the energy of Col. Samuel Hale, the city is 
supplied with pure water from Turnkit's spring, a mile or 
two west. Families are supplied at a moderate price. 

Colonel Gould established a law school in this city 
some four or five years ago, and instructed three or four 
classes of young men ; but he relinquished it on being 
appointed to a more lucrative office. 

Kear the city, on the Sand-hills, is the United States 
Arsenal. Formerly it was located near the river, but was 
found to be a very sickly spot. 

Augusta Cemetery. — The oldest epitaph is that on a 
stone erected to the memory of Francis Lander^ who died 

* In 1785, Judge Walton, in his address to the Jury, mentions that 
the Legislature is soon to assemble in Augusta, and a?ks, where they 
are to sit, since there are no public buildings ? It is probable the 
Court-house was destroyed during the war. The public records were 
all carried off by the British, or burned, so that we have no documents 
further back than the Revolution. Judges in this region : John Stew- 
art, in 1782 ; Walton, in 1783-5 ; William Stith, in 1786 ; John Hous- 
ton, in 1792. 



118 EICHMOND. 

1787. Many stones are broken down, and urns knocked 
off — a disgrace to the city. The police now prohibit sep- 
nlture in this spot, i. e. around the Episcopal Church. 
Here lie the bones of General Geoi-ge Mathews, Seaborn 
Jones, Commodore Oliver Bowen, a patriot of 1775, died 
in 1800. Robert Forsyth, federal marshal of Georgia, 
" died in the year 1794, a victim of his office in the sup- 
port of the laws." William Thompson, Esq., an officer 
of the 9th Pennsylvania regiment, made a "sacrifice of 
his blood on the altar of Liberty ;" died in 1794. Here, 
too, are the remains of Caroline Elizabeth jSmelt, born De- 
cember, 1800; died September, 18i7. Her memoirs were 
written by Eev. Dr. Waddell, and passed through many 
editions — an eminent instance of early piety. 

Such was Augusta in 1837. In 1859, 16,984 was the 
number of inhabitants, and the city greatly enlarged. It 
is widening out on both the Georgia and Savannah rail- 
roads, on which houses are erected several miles from the 
Court-house. Tlie question of a railroad direct to Ma- 
con absorbs every n)ind. It would run via Milledgeville 
and Sparta to Warrenton, and will be a popular thorough- 
fare. It has very warm advocates in this place. 

Post-offices: Eichmond Factory on Spirit creek, is 14 
miles S. Court-house. 

Belair is on the Georgia railroad, 10 miles W. Court- 
house. McBean depot, is on Savannah railroad, near Burke 
county line. 

Summerville, formerly Sand hills, is 8 miles W. A 
large number of families reside here the whole year. 
Summerville is capital of Chattooga county ; an incorpo- 
rated town in Emanuel ; mistakes will be made in regard 
to mail matters, unless post-masters and others are very 
careful. 

The Augusta Canal, which begun in 1845, by building 
a dam across Savannah a few miles above, which affords 
power for mills and machinerj'' of every kind, adds very 
much to the industrious pursuits and wealth of the place. 
There are in the county some 20 saw-mills, and the same 
number of grist-mills, that run by water^ besides those on 



SCHLEY — SCRIVEN. 119 

the Canal ; then some 8 steam saw and grist-mills. There 
are stone quarries, in several directions ; machine shops 
for railroads cars, and for almost every kind of machin- 
ery are in operation, which gives the place a business-like 
appearance. Flouring mills are splendid. 

Eev. Dr. Eobert Cunningham was the Presbyterian 
minister in this citj^, many years. Eev. Dr. Wm. T. 
Brantly, was the Baptist ; both men of talent and varied 
learning, gone, gone long since, to their unchangeable 
home. The Charleston Eailroad Co. have erected a E. 
E., bridge, and run their cars into the city. 

The Duke of Richmond, was active in Parliament in be- 
half of the Colonies ; this county was named in 1777. 

103. Schley County was formedout of Macon, Marion, 
and Sumter, in 1857. Taylor, separated by Cedar-creek, 
is N., Macon and Sumter E., Sumter S., and Marion W. 
Buck's creek runs E., through the county. Head waters 
of the Muchalee are in the S. part. 

Ellaville is the seat of justice, yet but d small place, S. 
of the centre, 18 miles S. E. Buena Yista, 21 North Ameri- 
cus. It is on, or near the site of Pond toion ; the fabled 
Bird is renovated. 

Fragoetta in N. W., and Poindexter in N. E., are the 
post-offices. 

Quebec post-office is in the S. part, just on the line of 
Sumter. 

FriendsMj) post-office. Baptist meeting-house erected 
at Court-house in 1860. 

Wm. Schley, a native of Maryland ; Judge of the Mid- 
dle Circuit, 1825 — 7 ; Gfovernor 1835 — 7, resides in Au- 
gusta. He is much beloved, and respected by all. 

104. Scriyen County was cut off from Burke in 1793. 
The mouth of Briar creek, where it falls into Savannah, 
is in this county. Ogechee forms its western boundary 
along which the Central railroad runs. 

Sylvania is the county seat, 6 miles S. of the old capi- 
tal, 130 miles S. E. M.,' 63 N. Savannah, 60 S. E. Au- 
gusta. 

Jacksonhoro, in the fork of Briar and Beaver dam creeks, 
was the old capital, but a sickly spot. 



120 SPALDING. 

Nine or ten post-offices. Black and Buck creeks post- 
offices, are in the E. part, Mobley's Pond N. E. corner, 
Haley ondale, Ogechee, and Scarboro, are on the railroad. 
Temperance in E. of Jackson'sboro' Barcom Academy 3 
miles N., and Paris Academy 4 miles from the railroad, 
Western part. 

Gen. Scriven^ a native of South Carolina, was killed by 
the British, near Midway, M. H., Liberty county, in 
Nov., 1778. Several of his descendants have been use- 
ful and prominent men in the State. Chas. O., his son, 
a graduate of Brown University, was the Baptist pastor 
of Sunbury, many years. Died of a cancer in N. York 
July, 1830, aged 57. 

105. Spalding County was laid out from Pike and 
Henry, in 1851. Flint river is the western boundary, 
most of the whole length of the county, and Towaliga 
creek separates the N. E. part from Henry, Potatoe 
creek runs S. through Pike and Upson into Flint. A 
point of Clayton touches the N. W. corner, Henry 
bounds the remainder of the north line, Butts and a cor- 
ner of Munroe on the E., Merriwether and a corner of 
Coweta and Fayette lie W. 

Griffin is the capital, 12 miles N. Zebulon, 25 Forsyth, 
48 by Railroad S. Atlanta and 60 N. W. Macon. 

Five houses of worship, for Methodists, Baptists, Pres- 
byterians, Reformers, and Primitives. New court-house 
erected 1859. 

Griffin Female andSynodical Female College are good 
institutions, under Methodists and Presbyterians. They 
have been in operation some 7 or 8 years, and have from 
100 to 130 pupils each ; in both are some 14 teachers. 

Shops for manufacturing most kinds of useful articles, 
are in operation. 

Marshall College was opened in 1854. It has graduat- 
ed one class ; 93 young men and boys last session of 1859. 
A. E. Marshall. A. M., now has charge of it. 

No healthier spot in the State ; soil very poor, and 
water excellent; bilious fever or ague is seldom known. 
There is not a musqueto-bar in the city, it is presumed. 



STEWART. > 121 

Pine mountains have a beautiful appearance some six 
miles below Zebulon. Eock mountain in Dekalb can be 
seen from the higher stories of some dwellings. 

Population a fraction less than 3,000 in 1859 ; city 
greatly improved by the erection of rows of brick build- 
ings, and more still in progress ; great fire, November, 
1859. 

Drewryville is a small village in S. W. corner, W. side 
Flint. 

Double Cabins 6 miles E. contains 8 or 4 houses. York 
is a post-office N. W. Less cotton comes to this place 
since railroads are become convenient to regions that 
used to send here ; 30,000 bags of last crop sold here. 

The new railroad via Newman to Jacksonville, Ala., 
now nearly graded to Newman, and one expected from 
Madison via Indian Springs and Monticello, are giving 
life and activity to Griffin ; houses much needed ; many 
are crowding to the place. 

Thos. Spalding^ a native of Glynn county in 1774, 
was an eminently useful man in our State for half a cen- 
tury. He was in our Legislature, Member of Congress, 
residing on Sapelo Island in Mcintosh. He wrote the 
Biography of Oglethorpe, and was useful in our Histori- 
cal Society. Died in 1851, aged 77 years. 

106. Stewart County is bounded by Chattahoochee 
N., Webster E., Randolph and Quitman S., Chattahoo- 
chee river W., Hodchodkee and Hannahatchee creeks. 
Soil fertile, and climate healthy. 

Lumpkin is the seat of justice, 23d district of old Lee, 
and on lot 82 ; from Cuthbert 22 miles, from Columbus 
35, Starkville 50, Americus 45, Florence 16, which 
was first called Liverpool. 

The first house was built in August, 1830, and the 
place incorporated in December. 

This is now a large town, with several houses of wor- 
ship, masonic female college ; population estimated at 
2,500. 

Roanoke^ an incorporated village in 1832, which had 
grown up to be a considerable town, was burned in May, 
6 



122 SUMTEE. 

1836, by the Creek Indians ; several families were killed, 
and. much goods carried off. There was a battle the 
same year, at Shephard's plantation, in which Capt. Ger- 
many exhibited true courage, to whose aid C;ipt. Jer- 
nigan came ; several men and many Indians were killed. 

Post-offices are Florence, on the river below Roanoke, 
which is now nearly extinct, and 7 others. 

Scienceville is a post village in S. E. The inference 
from the name is logical, that a good school is located 
here, and that the people are fond of learning, and some 
learned men are residents of the neighborhood. Sum- 
merfield is near, Spring Grove is N. W., Green Hill is in 
K. E. corner. 

Gen. Daniel Stewart was in our Legislature 21 years. 
He was in the Revolutionary army when only 15 years 
old. On a stormy night he and eight others made their 
escape from a prison-ship in Charleston Harbor. Joined 
the Presbyterians in Liberty when near 60 years old ; 
born in Liberty 1761 ; died 1829. 

107. Sumter County was laid out from Lee, 1830. 
Schley and Macon a»e N., Dooly E., separated by Flint 
river, Lee and Terrill S., Webster and a corner of Ma- 
rion W. Mucbalee creek runs through centrally, and 
Kinchafoonee in S. W. corner. 

Americus^ near Muchalee creek, on lot 156 in 27th 
district — originally Lee — 30 miles Drayton, 26 N. Stark- 
ville, 40 S. E. Lumpkin, 30 from Tazewell, old Court- 
house of Marion, 100 S. W. M.; was incorporated 1832. 
In;1836 it counted 160 dwellings, now probably 150 ; 
meeting-houses for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Bap- 
tists, and two female high schools. 

A Female Institute, by a Lutheran minister, was opened 
here in 1852. The town covers a large space, houses 
scattered, but many of them large and elegant. 

Nine or ten post offices ; Botsfordi^ a small post village 
of 12 houses, S. W., 10 from Court-house ; Danville p. o. 
is 16 E., on Flint river. 

Plains of Dura are west ; rather a long village, with a 
store, few houses, doctor, post-office, etc. 



TALBOT. ^ 123 

Pondtown^ a post village many years ago, used to be in 
Marion, some 14 miles N. Americus. Providence, another 
p. o., is in the western part on Kinchafoonee. 

Corinth, Lamar, and Huguenin in S. E. corner, are 
small places. 

Sm.itJiville is on S. line of this county, just above the 
Lee boundary, where the railroad leaves the road to Al- 
bany and runs to Fort Gaines and to Eufaula. This will 
rise to importance ; begun in fall of 1867, 

Gen. Thos. Sumter^ a distinguished soldier in S. C. 
during the Eevolution, was bora in Va. Marion was 
known as the "'Swamp-fox^'''' Sumter as the " Game-cock f 
they possessed both cunning and courage to rival their 
enemies. Died June, 1832, and, as usual, had ridden 20 
miles the previous day. 

108. Talbot County has Merriwether IST., Upson IST. 
E., separated by Flint river, Taylor E., Marion and 
Muscopee S., Harris W. Lazer is the principal creek. All 
the S. E. part was cut off to make Taylor county. This 
county has produced immense crops. 

Talbotton is the seat of justice, 93 miles from M., 35 
S. E. Lagrange, 22 Hamilton, 14 Marshall's Ferry on 
Flint river. It was begun about 1828-9. It has three 
houses of worship, two academies, and the Collingsworth 
Institute is 1 mile south. The Oak mountains begin in 
N. E. part and go on west. Hamilton is on the most 
western spur. Pine mountains, too, are in the northern 
boundary. 

Geneva, on the railroad 7 miles S. Court-house, is the 
most important village, as it is the spot where travellers 
going to Talbotton stop, and where stages take them to 
railroad, over 30 miles from Columbus. 

Belvue is a small village 8 miles N. Court-house. 

Box S^yring is 10 miles S. W. Bluff Sjpring is on 
western side. Centre is 7 miles E, ; it is about as old as 
Talbotton. Pleasant Hill is N. E., about 6 miles from 
Double Bridges. Redhone p. o. Prattshurgh is E. on the 
Taylor line. Quito iS K. W. near Oak Mt. 

Besides the above post-offices. Pine Hill is in S. W. 



124 TALIAFEERO—TATTNALL. 

corner ; Buchanan's store near Pine mountains, N". W. ; 
Chalybeate Spring is on the mountains, 8 miles E. Warm 
Springs in Merriwether. 

Matthew Talbot^ a native of Bedford, Ya., was a useful 
member of our Legislature, President of the Senate, and 
Governor ex-officio between the death of Gov. Rabun 
and a new election by the Legislature. His father, who 
was a Presbyterian, removed to Wilkes, Ga., 1783. The 
subject of this notice was born in 1767 ; died 1827.' 

109. Taliaferro County was formed out of the coun- 
ties contiguous, in 1^25. It has an irregular shape. 
Tributaries of Little river bound part of the B. and N. 
lines. Head streams of Ogechee river are in S. part. 

Grawfordville is the county town, 45 miles N. E. M., 
19 Greenesboro', 20 S. Washington, 28 S. S. E. Lexing- 
ton, lOPowelton, 22 Wrightsboro', 18 Warrenton ; houses 
of worship for Baptists and Methodists, and good acade- 
mies. It is on the Ga. railroad from Augusta to Atlanta, 
but has not grown much. 

Rayiown is a post village in N. E. part, 8 miles Graw- 
fordville, 13 Washington, 12 Wrightsboro', 35 Lexing- 
ton. It is but a small place. Fair-Play and Fielden are 
also in this region. 

Sharon, a post village, is on the Branch Railroad from 
Double Wells to Washington, 6 miles from Gumming. 
Near Raytown is Catholic house of worship. 

The celebrated Robert Greer ^ the Ga. Almanac Maker ^ 
resided many years in this neighborhood, and thence re- 
moved to Butts. 

Benjamin Taliaferro, a native of Va., removed to 
Broadriver, Wilkes, when young. He was President of 
Ga. Senae, Judge of Supterior Courts, and Member of 
Congress, 1801. Died in 1820. 

110. Tattnall County is surrounded by Emanuel, 
Bullock, Liberty, and a corner of Bryan, Appling, and 
Montgomery. It is some 60 years since it was laid out. 
Ohoopie river runs through the county and falls into 
Altamaha on the S. W. Pendletoli's creek is a large 
branch of this river. 



TAYLOR — TELFAIR. * 125 

Reidsville is the county seat, some 5 miles E. Ohoopie 
river. It was incorporated in 1832, having been called 
Tattnall Court-house ; it is a small place. 

Bull Creek^ Long Branch, Matlock, Perry's Mills, an 
old place near Altamaha, N. W., and Watermelon are 
post-offices. Brinton's mills are in S. E. 

Josiah Tattnall^ a native of Bona venture, the old family 
homestead, 4 miles S. Savannah, was in our Legislature 
frequently ; also Member of Congress, and Senator, and 
Governor of the State. A son of his was in Con- 
gress in 1821-7 ; another has won renown as a naval 
officer. 

111. Taylor County was formed out of Talbot, 
Crawford, Macon, and Marion, in 1852. It touches also 
Schley on the S., and Upson on the N. The Flint 
bounds it on the N. and N. E. Whitewater creek is in 
the S., and Patsaliga in the N. E. 

Butler is the county town, on the E. E., centrally lo- 
cated, yet a small place. 

Post-offices are Daviston N. W., Howard W. side, on 
E. E., Carsonville N., near the Flint, Agency, on Flint 
river, Eeynolds, on E. E., E. part of county. 

Zachary- Taylor^ a general in the Mexican war, was 
most successful in discomfiting the enemy. He was 
President of the United States, but died, and Mr. Fill- 
more, Vice, managed public affairs with great propriety. 

112. Telfair County lies in the same circle of Oc- 
mulgee river. Pulaski and a corner of Laurens are N., 
Montgomery E., Coffee and Irwin S,, and Wilcox W. 
Ocmulgee bounds it W. and S., Little Ocmulgee E. 
Turnpike and Sugar creeks fall into Little Ocmulgee. 

Jacksonville^ near Ocmulgee river, is the capital. An 
old but small place. 

Lumber Citi/^ near the mouth of Little Ocmulgee, is 
the seat of extensive mills to saw the immense quanti- 
ties of Pine lumber that grows in this region ; this is 
floated down the Altamaha to Darien, thence taken to 
New York and to Europe. This town has declined — 
gone down. 



126 TERRELL — THOMAS. 

Cobbuille, Copeland N. W. corner, McRae's store S. 
W., Sugar Creek E., Temperance W. side, are all post- 
offices. 

Then Clayville is 10 miles E. Court-house. Some 
other public places. 

Edward Telfair^ a native of Scotland in 1735, came 
to Georgia in 1766 ; was a Member of Congress 1778 ; 
Senator from Chatham, in our Legislature, during a ses- 
sion of which, at Louisville, he spoke on an important 
subject, for Congressmen then had the privilege of debat- 
ing iMajor Oliver Porter). He was Governor in 1786, 
also '90 to '93. One of his sons was a Member of Con- 
gress ; another has been useful to his country. Mr. T. 
died 1807, in the 72d year of his age. 

113. Terrell County was made out of Kandolph 
and Lee in 1856. Webster and Sumter are N., Lee E., 
Dougherty and Calhoun S., and Eandolph W. Kinche- 
foonee runs through N. B. corner, and Ichaway-noch- 
away forms the S. W. boundary some 20 miles. Chicka- 
sawhatchie is in the central part. 

JDawson is the county seat, centrally located on the 
K. K. to Fort Gaines. Baptist meeting-house, and prob- 
ably others. 

Chicasawhatchie is a wealthy settlement in S. E. part 
of the county, near the creek of that name. 

Ghenuhha is a post village near the north lin 

Dover, post-office, is on W. line. Nochaway st-office 
is also W, on the R. R. 

Hortonville and Chickasawhatchie are pub 3 places 
in S. E. Brown's mills are in N. E. 

Dr. Wm. Terrell, a native of North Carolina, was an 
eminently useful citizen and wise legislator ; was Member 
of Congress 1817-'2L He was the popular physician of 
Sparta. Afflicted with a cancer, he visited Europe and 
Palestine with his family, two voyages. He contributed 
$20,000 for an Agricultural Professorship in Franklin 
College. Died July, 1855, aged 73. 

114. Thomas County has suffered in size, by giving 
off its territory to make other counties. Both it and 



TOWNS. 127 

Lowndes extended, in 1829, from Florida to Irwin coun- 
ty north. Ochlocknee is the chief river. Mitchell and 
Colquitt are N., Brooks E., Florida S., Decatur W. 

Thomasville is the seat of justice, and is quite a large 
town, containing Methodist and Baptist houses of wor- 
ship, and a high school under Methodist denomination. 
206 miles S. Milledgeville, 22 N. Leon county, Florida, 
40 N. Tallahassee, 35 E. Bainbridge, on Lot 39, 13th 
District, old Irwin. 

Boston^ post village, in S. B. part. Glasgow is a con- 
siderable village, 11 miles S., near Florida line. Grroo- 
versville is in S. E. corner. Tatesville, post-office, 
Duncan ville, post-office, and Dawson N. 

Gen. Jett Thomas was captain of artillery in Floyd's 
army at the battles of Autossee and Chalibbe, in the lat- 
ter of which he distinguished himself. The Indians 
attacked the American camp just before day, 27th Jan- 
uary, 1814, but were compelled to fly into the swamp. 
Gen. Newnan received three wounds in this battle. 
Autossee was an Indian town on the Tallapoosa, say 20 
miles above its confluence with theCoosee, and Chalibbe 
is a few miles above. He was born in Yirginia, 1777; 
died in Milledgeville, of a cancer, 1815. 

115. Towns County was laid out from Union and Ea- 
bun, 1856. North Carolina is on the north, Eabun east. 
White south, and Union west. Hiav^ssee is the princi- 
pal stream, which runs north-west into Tennessee river. 
Brasstown creek is in north-west corner. Hiawassee 
rises very near the head streams of Chattahoochee, on the 
Blue Ridge. 

Hiaivassee^ p. t., is the county site, on the river, within four 
miles of the Korth Carolina boundary — -the most north- 
erly county town in the state. 

Brasstown and Eolia are post-offices in north-west 
part of the county, on the creek of that name. The for- 
mer was an old Indian town. Shadygrove post-office is 
central on Hiawassee river. 

Geo.W. Towns, a native of Wilkes, in 1810, was a re- 
markable man. He studied law, with a slender educa- 



128 ^ TROUP. 

tion, and made Talbotton his home in 1826. About 
1880 he is in the Legislature, and exhibits so much 
talent that he is soon elected to the Senate — thence to 
Congress in 1834. In 1847 he receives 43,220 votes for 
governor, and Gen. Clinch 41,931. In 1849 he receives 
46,514 votes, E. Y. Hill 48,322. Died in Macon, July, 
1854, in the 54th year of his age. His children are yet 
young, but bespeak paternal talent. 

116. Teoup County has Heard and a corner of Cow- 
eta north, Merriwether east, Harris south, and Alabama 
w^st. Chattahoochee runs through western part. Car- 
roll used to come down to Westpoint, but the 14th and 
15th Districts Avere annexed to Troup in 1827. 

Long Cane, Yellow Jacket, and Flat Shoal creeks. 

Lagrange^ named after Lafayette's country residence in 
France, 130 miles W. Milledgeville, 22 W. Greeneville, 
25 N. Hamilton, 35 N. W. Talbotton, 42 N. Columbus, 
16 Westpoint, is the seat of justice. Here are houses of 
worship for Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians; 
the Baptists' was built of brick in 1857, and has a tall 
spire. 

Southern Female College, opened in 1848, by Kev. John 
E. Dawson, as '' Lagrange Female Seminary," is a flourish- 
ing institution, with 15 teachers, and over 150 pupils. It 
has graduated, in some 15 classes, about 130 young ladies ; 
has good apparati:^, library, &c. 

" Lagrange Female Institution" was begun in 1845-6, 
and is also a good school. 

" Lagrange High School'' was established by Eev. Otis 
Smith, who had taught in Powelton some years. 

Brownwood Collegiate Institute is some two miles west, 
and was established as early as 1837, by Doctor Eobert 
Brown, who had taught a female school at Scottsboro', 
which was opened about 1828. 

No county has exhibited a warmer spirit for education 
than this, or provided more liberally for their children's 
improvement. Troup is a model county in this respect. 

Some ten post-offices and one cotton factory. 

Westpoint is quite a town, on both sides the Chatta- 



TWIGGS. % 129 

hoochee, 17 miles south-west Court-house. It has houses 
of worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists, 
two schools, five bank agencies, ten family groceries, nine 
dry goods stores, two cotton warehouses. Twenty thou- 
sand bags of cotton are sold here. The groceries sell 
from $50,000 to $75,000 worth every year. This town 
is at Miller's Bend in the Chattahoochee, latitude 82 ° 
52' 16", 146 miles from Nicojack. 

Verno7i is some eight miles west Court-house. It has 
been in existence since 1829, and yet has not attained to 
magnitude. 

Harrisonville is also a small place ten miles south. 

Geo. M. Troup was one of Georgia's most distinguished 
sons, born in Mcintosh, September, 1780, and a graduate 
of New Jersey College. Mr. T. was in Congress during 
the war of 1812, and was chairman of some important 
committees. In 1823 he was elected Governor by the 
Legislature, and in 1825 by the people. 

While he was governor the treaty of Indian Springs 
was made, and a conflict with Mr. Adams, the President, 
seemed unavoidable; but Gov. T. was resolute, and 
maintained the right of the State to survey the lands ob- 
tained of the Indians, which he had done. After this, 
in 1829-35, Col. Troup was again in the Senate six 
years. Died in Laurens county, where he had resided 
over a third of a century, in 1858, nearly 80 years old. 

117. Twiggs County has Bibb and Jones north, Wil- 
kinson east, Pulaski south, and Houston west. The Oc- 
mulgee is the western boundary. Big Sandy east. Savage 
and Flat creeks running south-west into Ocmulgee, are 
chief streams. 

The Central Railroad barely touches this county at 
Griswold, a village on south line of Jones. ^ This was a 
part of old Wilkinson, the title to which was extinguish- 
ed in 1804. 

Marion, 36 miles S. W. Milledgeville, 20 S. E. Macon, 
30 N. Hartford, and 20 W. Irwinton, is the seat of justice. 
It is not a large place, but has some fine dwellings. 

Jeffersonville^ formerly known as Raine's store, is a 
6* 



130 UNION. 

post village of some forty dwellings, good academy, Bap- 
tist meeting-house, and refined society. 

Tarversville is in south-west part of the county, but a 
small village. 

John Twiggs^ a native of Maryland in 1750, was among 
the most useful men in the State, and was in more battles, 
exposed to more perils and dangers, than any one during 
the Kevolutionary struggle. Greorgia owes him a debt of 
gratitude which she can never liquidate. One of his sons 
was killed in the Mexican War, and one, D. E., is now a 
general in the regular army. 

118. Union County, formed in 1832, is on the North 
Carolina line. Towns is east, Lumpkins south, and Fannin 
west. This is a mountainous region. Notley river rises 
in the mountains which separate this county from Lump- 
kin, runs north into Tennessee. Cooper's creek, in south- 
west part, is one of the head streams of Toccoa river, in 
Fannin. 

Blairsville^ 165 miles IST. Milledgeville, 35 Clayton, 42 
Ellijay, near Notley river, is the capital. The scenery is 
romantic and beautiful— one of the healthiest spots in the 
world. 

Choestoe is a post-office in south-east part, Gaddistown 
in south-west, Ivylog in the north, Youngcane 9 miles 
west Court-house, Track Kock 8 north-east, near the 
Towns line, — five offices in all. Track Rock, or Enchant- 
ed Mountain, has tracks of bears, turkeys, children, &c., 
on a kind of soapstone, which are a wonder to many. 
The Creeks and Cherokees are said to have had several 
battles in this region, on account of claims to territory. 

Origin of the name given to Union county. — When 
the question was asked in the Legislature, the represen- 
tative from that region answered, " Union, for none but 
Union men reside in the county ;" that is, it must be re- 
membered that two parties existed at the time, " State 
Rights" and " Union men," those who loved and would 
go for the State at all events, and those who would go 
for the Union, to the crashing out of State rights. The 
" Force Bill" was passed about these times. 



UPSON — ^WALKER. ^ ISl 

119. Upson County has Pike K., Monroe and Craw- 
ford E., Taylor S., and Merri wether W. The Flint is the 
western boundary ; Potatoe and Tobler's creeks are the chief 
streams in the county. The Pine mountains, on the N. 
line between this and Pike county, are visible at Grriffin, 
some 18 miles K. The most easterly spur is E. of Barnes- 
ville. Four or five Cotton Factories are in this county 
on Potatoe and Tobler's creeks ; some have been in opera- 
tion near a quarter of a century. 

Tliomaston is the capital, to which a railroad from 
Barnes ville, on the Macon and Atlanta road, began to 
run its cars in the fall of 1857. It is 75 miles W. of M., 
45 W. Macon, 27 K K W. Knoxville, 17 S. S. E. Zebu- 
Ion, 26 Talbotton, 30 Forsyth. It contains 100 houses ; 
houses of worship for Methodists and Baptists ; an Acad- 
emy or two. Place lately improved. 

Double Bridges post-oiiice on Flint river, 11 M. W.,has 
3 or 4 houses, with one or two Drunkeries. A man was 
shot here in Oct., 1858 ; another near this, 4th of July, 
1859. 

Flint Kiver Factory post-office, the Kock post-office, 
Thundering Spring post-office, in N. W. corner ; Way- 
mansville post-office E., Hootensville S. W. point of the 
county. Beside the above. Camp-ground 4 miles E. of 
the Court-house. Delay and Harmony are public places. 
Warm Springs are 5 miles S. E. Thundering Springs. 

Stephen Upson had few superiors as a Jurist or States- 
man ; his honesty and fidelity were never questioned. He 
was a native of Ct., graduate of Yale College ; student of 
Law with W. H. Crawford. His influence in our Legis- 
lature for several years reached and controlled more 
members (not the bigoted partisans) than any otlier man. 
But he died in the prime of life, in August, 1824, aged 39. 
Lexington was his only home in his adopted State. 

120. Walkek County has been in the hands of the 
Legislators, and lost much of its large dimensions ; Dade 
was taken 1837, Cliattooga in 1838, from this county and 
Floyd ; and since, Catoosa and part of Whitefield have 
been taken. West Chicamauga creek rises in S. part, 



132 WALTON. 

between Pigeon and Look-out mountains, and runs N. 
througli Catoosa into Tennessee river. 

Lafayette is now in the S. E. part of the county, on lots 
26 and 27 in the 7th district. It is a lai'ge and flour- 
ishing town, with houses of worship for Baptists and 
Methodists, and an Academy. 

It is 30 miles S. Chattanooga, 1 9 N. Summerville ; a 
beautiful Lake is in the N. W. part near Look-out moun- 
tain, oval in shape, and about 3 miles in circumference. 

Post-offices^ Frick's Gap in western part ; Pond Spring 
W., on Chicamauga, Kock Spring E. ; Kossville, an old 
place on the State. line; Duck creek in S. near Chattooga 
boundary, Yillanow on Taylor's Kidge, Snow Hill in N. 
E. Public places^ Chestnut Flat, 5 W. Gordon's Springs 
in Whitefield. 

Freeman Walker^ a native of Ya., 1780, came to Augus- 
ta when a youth, and studied law with his brother 
George. He was in our Legislature and in Congress in 
1819-21. Died of consumption, Sept., 1827, having faith- 
fully served his country. Valentine, George, and Eob- 
ert were also lawyers, all men of talent and respec- 
tability. 

121. Walton County has Jackson on N. E., Clarke 
E., Morgan S., Newton S. W., Gwinnette IST. W., Appa- 
lachee forms most of the Eastern boundary, and head 
waters of Alcovee and Yellow rivers run through the 
county. 

Monroe, 65 N. W. M., 20 N. E. Covington, 25 W. S. 
W. Athens — containing Methodist, Protestant Methodist, 
and Baptist houses of worship, about 100 houses, stores 
and shopSj and academy — is the county seat. It is a high 
and healthy spot. The Kock mountain has a beautiful 
appearance from this place. 

Cut-off in N. E., Good Hope 9 miles E. Court-house, 
Logansville, Social Circle in S. W. corner, — a pretty vil- 
lage of some 40 houses, with houses of worship and 
schools, in existence 30 years, on the Ga. railroad, — Walnut 
Grove, and Windsor in N. W., are post-offices. Bro- 
ken Arrow 7 miles S. W., Cowpens, a noted spot for 



WARE. % 133 

many years, 5 miles S. E. Conrt-hoiise, and Alcovee Moun- 
tain, are public spots. Gen. Ecliols is buried near Broken 
Arrow. 

George Walton, a Virginian by birth, in 1740, was ap- 
prenticed to a carpenter, who would allow him no can- 
dles to study nights; so he would collect knots during the 
day, to afford him light by night. He was early engag- 
ed in Savannah with the friends'of Liberty in 1774, and 
was a Colonel of a regiment. Governor of Ga., and sub- 
scribed the Declaration of Independence. Died in 
1804. 

122. Ware County has been roughly handled. In 
1829 she extended one whole degree of Longitude, from 
82° to 88°, from Camden and Wayne to Lowndes, and 
from Florida to Appling. Parts of Coffee, Pierce, Clinch, 
and Echols, have been taken from it ; and Charlton, with 
its hroad axe^ has hacked it almost in twain, near the S. 
W. part ; indeed, so nearly is it severed, that we may 
call it North Ware, and South Ware.* Much of it is poor 
land. North Ware will be passed through by railroad 
from both Savannah and Brunswick. Rivers are St. 
Ilia, and Suwanee ; the latter rises in Okefenoka swamp ; 
part of this swamp is now in Charlton county. 

Wareshoro\ 163 measured miles S. S. E. M., 76 N. W. 
St. Mary's, 89 S. Holmesville, and 75 N. E. Thomasville, 
is the county site. Brunswick will run her railroad to 
this town, where the people of Albany intend to meet it 
with another. Kettle Creek post-of&ce E., Burrell post- 
office, Isabel post-office. 

Mc Donald is situated in the Western part, where the 
railroads meet, some fifty miles W. Wayneville. Ocean 
Wave is in N. W. , and St. Ilia in N. E., Pleasant Valley 
E., near St. Ilia river ; Yankee Town is E., near Savannah, 
railroad. 

Nicholas Wai^e, of Augusta, native of Ya., studied law 
with the elder Seaborn Jones, in Augusta. In our Leg- 
islature he opposed the popular ^^ Alleviating Law ^^ which 

* Some maps represent all the south part, as attached to Charlton. 



134 WARREN — WASHINGTON. 

nearly ruined the State. He was President of the Trus- 
tees of Eichmond Academy, when he died. The offices 
of Mayor, and Judge of the City Court, he resigned when 
elected to the U. S. Senate, 1821. Died in New York, 
1824, with a lively hope of a blessed immortality. 

123. Warren Counts has Taliaferro and Wilkes 
N., Columbia E., Jefferson and Glascock S., Hancock W. 
Ogechee river forms most of the Western and head streams 
of Briar creek, part of the Eastern boundary. Ga. mil- 
road passes through, 4 miles N. of the Court-house, and 
a branch runs into town. 

Warrenton, 45 miles N. K E. M., 43 W. Augusta, 12 
S. E. Powelton, 22 E. Sparta. Academy and houses of 
worship for Methodists and Baptists. This county was 
laid out before 1800. The railroad has increased the size 
of the town, and many more goods and groceries are sold 
here, for parts of contiguous counties, than years ago. 

Post-offices, Double Wells, on R. R., where R. R. di- 
verges to Washington, Jubilee, and Tannville. May- 
field is a small post village at Shivers' Mills on Ogechee, 
12 E. Sparta on old stage road. Camac and Camming 
are small places on the R. R., the one 4 m. from Court- 
house where the branch comes into town, the other on 
the Western border of the county. 

Gen. Joseph Warren, the first distinguished martyr to 
the cause of liberty, fell on 17th of June, 1775, at the 
battle of Bunker Hill. A monument is erected on the 
spot; Webster made the oration. 

124. AYashington County lies S. of Hancock, W. of 
Glascock and Jefferson, N. of Johnson, E. of Wilkinson 
and a cor. of Baldwin. It comprises the whole territory 
from Cherokee corner, 8 m. W. of Lexington, from the 
Ogechee to the Oconee, nnd down S. to Liberty Co. It was 
surveyed in 1781, and divided into Greene, Hancock, &c. 
The first election for county officers was held below the 
Shoals of Ogechee, and voters, among whom was Major 
Oliver Porter, of Greene, had to travel 100 miles to attend. 

In the first settlement, a village was built 8 m. below 
the site of Milledgeville, on the E. bank of the Oconee, 



WAYNE. 135 

called Federal Town, containing 4 framed houses, a dozen 
cabins, and fort. The spot was sickly, the soldiers died, 
and another site was selected. 

It is to be regretted that some other territory had not 
been selected for Glascock county, as it separates the 
union of four counties, connected together, as were the 
distinguished men after whom named, were connected 
together in the Continental Congress and Eevolutionary 
war. Washington, Hancock, Jefferson, and Warren — the 
first eminent martyr in the cause of liberty — lie side by 
side on the map of our State. Gen. Glascock, a youth, 
was in the struggle, but never became so conspicuous as 
the immortal four. 

Sandersville is the seat of justice, 28 miles E. M., 26 
N. W. Louisville, 135 from Savannah. It is a thriving 
place, grown very much in the last few years, both in 
population and refinement. Methodist Meeting-house, 
and the Baptists about to build. 

Post-offices^ Davisboro' in the B. on E. E., Hebron 12 
m. W. Court-house, Irwin's Cross Eoads in the S., Oconee 
on E. E. W. side. Gov. Irwin, who resided and died in. 
this county, is buried 2 miles S. the E. E. on Sand-hill 
creek. 

Tennille is a small place on the R. E., where travel- 
lers stop to go to Sandersville, 3 m. N. 

Drummond in the S. E. ; Worthen's Store is a post vil- 
lage in N. E. part, and has a good Academy, 9. m. from 
Sandersville. 

RiddleviUe, 10 m. S. E. Sandersville, 6 S. W. from Da- 
visboro', 10 W. Fenn's Bridge, is the site of an Academy, 
just begun in 1859, called Mount Vernon Institute. 
Some 22 families, and good school ; building is 60 by 
40 ; 75 pupils. This county was named after the " Fa- 
ther of his Country." 

125. Wayne County has Appling N., Mcintosh F. 
E., separated by Altamaha river, Glynn E., Camden and 
Ciiarlton S., Pierce W. The two large branches of 
St. Ilia river meet in southern part. Pinhollaway creek 
runs N. E. into Altamaha river. The Court-house is a 



136 WEBSTER. 

small place "in the woods," in the S. part, 9 m. N. W. 
Wayneville, within two miles of St. Ilia river. 

Post-offices^ named Bennettsville, Doctor Town in IST. 
E. cor. on K. R. Santilla in S. part, on the Brunswick 
R. R, 2 m. S. St. Ilia river. St. Saville is an old place 
on Altamaha river, Pendarvis' store in N. E. 

The Brunswick R. R. cars run now (July, 1859) some 
10 m. over St. Ilia river, into Pierce Co., 15 m. W. 
Waynesville, and some 35 E. of McDonald. 

Gen. Anthony Wayne, born in Pa., 1745, was in the 
battles of Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. 
Both Generals, Harmar and St. Clair, had been unsuc- 
cessful in subduing the Indians in the N. W., Ohio, and 
Indiana. Gen. Wayne was appointed by Washington 
on this important business, and he succeeded ; he built 
Fort Defiance, in the N. W. part of Ohio, in 179-1 ; in 
August, with 3000 troops, he met the British and Indi- 
ans at the rapids of the Maumee, 18 m. from its mouth 
in Lake Erie, and conquered them, and laid waste their 
country. The British were in Fort Maumee, claiming 
the country. 

Our Legislature had given him a large tract of land, 
for his services, in this State. He died at Presque Isle, 
near Lake Superior, in 1796. No man could do more to 
earn the respect and veneration of his countrj'. Judge 
Wayne, of Savannah, of the Supreme Court, is his son. 

126. Webster County is bounded by Marion on the 
N., Sumter E., Terrell and Randolph S., Stewart W. Kin- 
chafoonee runs diagonally through it, from IST. W. toS. E. 
This Co. was named Kinchafoonee, in 1854, and changed 
in 1856 to Webster. 

Preston, formerly Mcintosh, is the seat of justice, on 
the E. side of Kinchafoonee, centrally situated. It has 
2 schools, beside the public buildings, Baptist Meeting- 
house, &c. 

Hard Money, now called Weston., is another post-ofQce 
in S. W. part, Lannahassee, Holly Grove in N. E., and 
Searsville in theN., are public places. 

This county was formed out of Stewart and Sumter. 



WHITE — WHITEFIELD. 137 

Daniel Webster, a native of N. H., Senator from Mass., 
Sec'y of State under both Harrison and Taylor, 1841, 
and 1850, has a world-wide fame. He was an able States- 
man, a powerful debater, a historian, and scholar ; he 
had no superior in acquaintance with our govermental 
affairs. Died in 1852. 

127. White County was formed out of Lumpkin 
and Habersham in 1857. Towns is N., Habersham E., Hall 
S., and Lumpkin W. The Chattahoochee, and Tessen- 
tee, or Tesnatee, are the chief streams. On Duke's creek, 
are falls in the Western part. (See Antiquities.) 

Mount Yonah is the capital, in S.W. part of the Co., 
some 5 m. S. Yonah mountain, just north of a short 
ridge, a spur of Kitt's Mountain. It is a small place. 

Post-offices are Naucoochee in the N. E., in the valley 
of Duke's creek, and Leo, 6. m. S. Court-house. Kitt's 
mountain is still S. 

Col. John White, of Savannah, was a brave and favor- 
ed soldier in the Kevolutionary war. By stratagem, on 
Ogechee river, he captured 111 soldiers, and took 5 ves- 
sels, with only seven men under his command ! This he 
did by building watch-fires all around the camp of Capt. 
Trench, so as to induce him to believe he was surround- 
ed by a large army. (McCall and Lee's Memoirs.) 

128. AVhitefield County, from Murray and Walker, 
was formed in 1852. Tennessee is on the N., Murray 
is E., Gordon is S., and Walker and Catoosa W. Con- 
nesauga is the Eastern boundary, Cohutta and branches 
of Chickamauga creeks. 

Dalton is the capital, the place where the E. Tennes- 
see Railroad diverges for Knoxville and Virginia, This 
town was erected, and was the terminus of the Western 
and Atlantic Railroad, years before the cars ran to 
Chattanooga, say '47 or '48 ; 100 miles K Atlanta, 38 
S. Chattanooga. It is a large town, with houses of 
worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and Baptists. 

Fillmore is a post village, 9 m. N. E. Court-house. 
Cedar Ridge is 7 miles E. Gordon's Springs, which are in 
S. W. corner, near Walker county ; Red Clay in the K, 
near Tennessee. 



138 WILCOX — WILKES. 

Tunnell Hill is 3 m. E. of Catoosa county, now called 
Tunnelville. Public places are Anderson post-office 
W., Tilton in S. E., Eed Clay Council G-round K 

Bev. Oeorge Whitefield, a scholar of Oxford, an associ- 
ate of Wesley, was one of the most extraordinary men, 
one of the most fascinating orators, that ever lived. As 
Wesley, who had been a few years in Georgia, was re- 
turning to England, Whitefield was just starting with 
Oglethorpe for this country. He preached and begged 
through most of the States, and established a school for 
orphan children some 10 miles below Savannah, where 
many were educated. 

In most of the N. E. States his labors were abundant- 
ly blessed in exciting revivals of religion, though he was 
opposed by the cold and lukewarm — by the President 
of Harvard College, and by some bishops in England, 
where he preached in the fields to 20,000 at a time. 
Charleston also felt the influence of his pious labors. 
Died at Newburyport, Mass., 1770. 

129. Wilcox County was formed out of Dooly, Irwin, 
and Pulaski, in 1857. Pulaski is K, the same county 
and Telfair are E., Irwin is S., and Dooly W. Ocmulgee 
river is the Eastern boundary; Alapaha is in S. W., 
Cedar creek in N. E., Folsom's E., and House creek 
in S. E. corner, are chief streams. House Creek P. 0. 
is on this creek, S. E. part of county. 

Abbeville is the county site, on the E. side, on the 
river, nearly opposite the N, W. corner of Telfair county, 
37 m. E. Vienna, 25 N. W. Jacksonville, — a new and 
small place. 

Boweiwille post village is in S. E. corner ; Adams P. 0. - 
is 5 m. S. Court-houvse in E. part. 

Lawson and Vineyard are public places, the latter 
near the centre of the county, the other N. part. 

Gen. Mark Wilcox was a son-in-law of Gen. Coffee, and 
citizen of Telfair, frequently in our Legislature. He is 
represented to be a native of this State. 

180. Wilkes County is bounded N. by Elbert, E. by 
Lincoln, S. by parts of Columbia, Warren, and Talia- 



WILKES. * 189 

ferro, and W. by the latter county and Oglethorpe. 
Population, 16,975. In 1824 this was the most populous 
county in the State, but, since that time, part of the 
county has been taken to form Taliaferro, and of course 
a deduction must be made in the number. Academy 
funds received, $778 30. Poor School do., $1,875 13, 
and no report of expenditure. We should hope the en- 
lightened county of Wilkes has not forgotten the chil- 
dren of the poor. Washington is the capital. 

The territory now called Wilkes was obtained by the 
treaty at Augusta, in 1773. The inhabitants during the 
war were unanimous almost to a man, in their opposition 
to Britain, and so fierce was their resistance that the 
tories gave this section of our State the distinctive ap- 
pellation of "Hornet's Kest." 

The bones of several distinguished men rest in this 
county, among which may be mentioned those of Rev. 
Messrs. Mercer, Springer, and Whatley, of the clergy. 
Mr. Mercer was a bold, plain, nervous, and powerful 
preacher; few men could produce such lasting impres- 
sions on a congregation. Mr. Springer, though of a dif- 
ferent denomination, was his intimate friend, and they 
frequently preached together. Both of these men estab- 
lished classical schools in their neighborhoods, and 
though Mr. M. himself was not much of a scholar, they 
both were mindful of this well-established fact, that 
Science is the handmaid of Religion, and that neither 
will flourish long alone. A nation wholly infidel will 
soon sink into barbarism ; and that mind which has been 
illumined by the truths of the Grospel, will be reaching 
after all the lights which the torch of Science can throw 
on these truths. 

Mr. Whatley was a soldier at the siege of Augusta, 
and his story of suffering and trial would bring tears 
from the dryest eye. He was an odd, blunt man, and 
began preaching at an advanced age, and though some- 
times a smile was excited by his oddities, he was univer- 
sally beloved; he was a sterling man. Humility was one 
of the distinctive features of his character. Among the 



140 WILKINSON. 

Statesmen who lived here may be named Abbott, and 
Campbell, and Talbot. Bibb also resided in this county, 
but he removed to Alabama. 

Washington^ p. t. and cap., Wilkes county, named in 
honor of the illustrious Washington, after whom counties 
in every State in the Union, and towns without num- 
ber, have received their names, is situated on the great 
road from Augusta to Nashville, Tennessee, ^Q miles 
N. E. Milledgeville, 53 K W. Agusta, 18 W. Lincoln- 
ton, 14 S.E. Mallorysville, 81 E. N. E. Greensboro', 24 
S. E. Lexington, and contains Court-house, with an ex- 
cellent clock, Jail, Branch of the State Bank, Academies, 
and houses of worship for Methodists, Presbyterians, and 
Baptists, 78 dwelling-houses, 38 stores and shops, and 
about 400 white inhabitants, with probably the same 
number of blacks. 

In 1774 a fort was built on the site of this town as a 
defence against Indian intrusion and assault. 

A weekly paper has been published at Washington 
since 1800. 

Since the branch of the Georgia Railroad has been ex- 
tended to this place, from Double Wells, it has been 
somewhat enlarged and improved. Rev. Jesse Mercer 
was a citizen of this town, but died in Butts. His father 
lived and died in Wilkes. 

Post-offices are Centreville, on the road to Lexington, 
12 W. Court-house; has some 20 houses. Danburg is 
N. E. on the road to Petersbarg 14 m., Delhi, Mallorys- 
ville is in N. W. part, and has been for 30 years a con- 
siderable village. Public places, Bookersville is 9 E., 
and Rehoboth post-office 12 N. E. Tyrone is near S. 
line, Stony Point, Aonia. 

MmWilkes, a warm friend of the Colonies in the Brit- 
ish House of Commons, Alderman of London, was born 
in 1727. He plead our cause boldly, and the county 
was named after him in 1777. 

131. Wilkinson County has Jones and Baldwin N., 
Washington E., Laurens and Pulaski S., and Twiggs W. 
The Oconee is the eastern boundary. Commissioner's 



WORTH. ^ 141 

creek runs from N. W. to S. E. Big Sandy passes 
diagonally. Turkey creek cuts the S. W. corner. This 
territory was acquired by the treaty at Fort Wilkinson, 
1802, and all embraced in two counties, Baldwin and 
Wilkinson. 

Iriointon^ equi-distant from Commissioner's and Big 
Sandy creeks, is the county site. ISTot a large place. A 
quarry of beautiful soft stone, of which many chimneys 
are constructed, is near town. Rev. Charles Culpepper 
resided and preached in this county a third of a cen- 
tury. 

Post-offices : Cool Spring, a small place in S. W. corner 
of the county. Gordon is on the railroad where it 
diverges to go up to Milledgeville and Eatonton. 

Mclntire is the station where travellers stop, in order 
to go to Irwinton 4 miles S. Milton is in j S. E. 
Stephensville is S. Toombsboro' is also a post-office — 6 
in all. Nesbit is just on the Jones line. Irwinton has 
Baptist and Methodist meeting-houses, and intends to 
have a high school of first order. Gen. James Wilkinson, 
a native of Maryland, was a useful officer during the 
Revolution, and in the war of 1812. He published 
" Memoirs of my own Times," 2,300 pages. Lost repu- 
tation in his later years. 

132. Worth County was laid out from Dooly and 
Irwin, 1856. Irwin and part of Berrien are E., Dooly 
is N., Colquitt is S., Mitchell, Dougherty, and Lee, W. 
Abram's creek falls into Flint in N. W. ; Indian and 
other creeks S. W. into Little river, which forms most 
of the eastern boundary. 

Isabella, centrally located, is the county site. A new 
place. 

Bloomfield is a post village in N. W., near mouth of 
Abram's creek. 

Brooks' Post-office. Deerland post-office is in the S. 
Minton is in the S. W. 

Warwick is in N. W. corner. Pennsboro' is on E. 
side. 

Public places are, Orel in S. E. corner; Fennsboro' 7 



142 PROGRESS OF EDUCATION. 

miles S. Court-house ; Gintown S. W., near the corners 
of Dougherty and Mitchell. 

Geii. Worth was an efficient officer in the Mexican war, 
with his father-in-law Gen. Taylor ; died in 1858. A 
monument is erected to his memory in New York city. 



History and Progress of Education. 

WhitefielcCs Orphan House, near Providence Island, 
some 16 miles S. of Savannah, was begun in February, 
1740. This was the first of the kind in the United 
States. Until the buildings were finished, the children 
were placed in the city : " they will work in picking 
and carding cotton, a quantity having been purchased 
already." The buildings were extensive, and the con- 
cern flourished some years. At his death Whitefield be- 
queathed the property to lady Huntington, and a class 
of children has been educated in Savannah many years 
past from the avails. 

Schools were early in operation in Savannah, Augus- 
ta, and a few other towns in the lower part of the 
State ; but little attention was paid to learning above 
Augusta, till 1800, if we except the following : 

Rev. Mr. Springer opened a classical school 5 miles 
N. Washington, near the present residence of Rev. Mr. 
Armstrong, in 1791. Here the Rev. Jesse Mercer com- 
menced the study of the learned languages. 

In 1798 the Rev. Silas Mercer employed a Mr. Ar- 
mour to open an academy at his residence, called Salem, 
9 miles S. Washington, now owned by Mr. Gibson. 
This continued till the death of Mr. Mercer, in 1796, 
and at which several persons were educated. 
- In 1794 or *5 Rev. Dr. Waddell taught a classical 
school in Columbia county, called Carmel Academy, 
and was assisted in it by William H. Crawford. 

In 1802 the College commenced operations at Ath- 
ens, then in the wilderness, where could be distinctly 
heard, 

" The fox's bark, or wolf's lugubrious howl." 



COLLEGES. 143 

The first class was taught in a small building, 20 by 14 
feet, standing between the post-office and house former- 
ly occupied by the President of the college. 

In 1801, only six academies had been incorporated in 
the Stace. These were in Savannah, Augusta, Sunbury, 
Louisville, and in Burke and Wilkes counties. In 1802, 
2i female school was commenced at Athens, by Mrs. Allen 
and daughters. In 1805, Mrs. Dugas, a French lady, 
opened a boarding-school in Washington, which flourish- 
ed a number of years. In 1805 or '6, the Meson Acad- 
emy at Lexington was opened. In 1804 the Baptists, 
in general committee, resolved to establish a college. 
Land 15 miles S. W. Augusta, was purchased, and an 
academy opened in 1807, called Mount Enon. Appli- 
cation was made to the Legislature for a charter for a 
college, but the request was denied! The academy 
flourished several years, and educated several men of 
promise, but declined about 1812. Eev. Dr. Holcombe, 
Judge Clay, Mr. Mercer, Joel Early, Sen., Esq., were 
among the active friends of the scheme. Large con- 
tributions w^ere made throughout the Baptist commu- 
nity. 

In 1811 the Mount Zion Academy, and soon after, 
that at Powelton, were brought into operation. The 
importance of education now seemed to be more appre- 
ciated ; and academies, both male and female, sprang 
up in almost every town. The Academies bad each 
the right, by the act of 1792, to purchase, for their use, 
£1,000 worth of confiscated property. 

Colleges. ^ 

L FranMin College, chartered in 1785, opened in 1801, 
This is a State Institution. First class graduated 1804 
consisting of 6 young men. Presidents, Josiah Meigs 
1801 to 1808. John Brown, D. D., 1810 to 1817. Dr 
Finley, 1817 to Sept., 1818. Moses Waddell, D.D., March 
1819 to 1829. Alonzo Church 1819 to 1859, now re 
signed. Its funds, granted by the State chiefly, except 



144 COLLEGES. 

Dr. Terrell's donation, $20,000, for instruction in Agri- 
cultural Chemistry, are over 306,500, including library, 
apparatus, and buildings. 

II. Mercer University had its beginning, like the two 
following, Oglethorpe and Emory, in manual labor 
schools. In 1833 Mercer Institute was opened at Pen- 
field, the seat of the University, by that untiring man, 
Eev. B. M. Sanders, and manual labor was continued in 
the University till 1845. Funds are $155,946.57, be- 
side library, apparatus, and buildings. Mr. Mercer gave 
225 shares in Georgia Kailroad and State Bank, his li- 
brary, and the residuary of his estate. The Central As- 
sociation gave nearly $20,000. Benevolent persons gave 
considerable sums. The charter for Southern Baptist 
College, to be located at Washington, was passed De- 
cember, 1836 ; but in December, 1837, the Executive 
Committee was authorized to build up a College, and it 
was named Mercer University — located 6 miles JST. 
Greensboro'. The town is called Penfield. Presidents^ 
Kev. B. M. Sanders, 1838 to 1839 ; Eev. Otis Smith ; 
Eev. John L. Dagg, D. D. ; Eev. N. M. Crawford, D. D. 

III. Oglethorpe University is at Midway, 2 miles S. 
Milledgeville. In its incipiency was a manual labor 
school ; begun in 1835. The corner-stone for the Col- 
lege was laid in March, 1837. Its funds are respecta- 
ble—over $100,000. Presidents, Eev. Carlisle P. Be- 
man, 1838 to 1841 ; Eev. S. K. Talmage, D. D., 1841. 

lY. Emory College is 2 miles N. of Covington, in a 
town called Oxford. The manual labor school was be- 
gun in March, 1835, near Covington. Funds of the 
Colleg'e not ascertained, but not so large as those of the 
other thre^ named. Presidenis, Eev. J. A. Few, to 
1839 ; Eev. A. B. Longstreet, 1839 to 1848 ; Eev. Geo. 
F. Pierce, 1848 ; Eev. G. H. Thomas. 

Y. Cherokee BaptiU College, at Cassville. This was 
begun in 1851. Its fine brick building was burned, and 
another built in 1856-7. Funds, some $20,000 sub- 
scribed. President, Eev. Thomas Eambaut, A. M. 

YI. Marshall College was begun in 1854. Eev. J. W. 



FEMALE COLLEGES. . 145 

Attaway and Rev. W. H. Robert were among the first 
teachers. It graduated a small class of four, July, 1859. 
It has a good brick building, but no funds. 93 students 
last term of 1859. President, Rev. E. A. Marshall, A. 
M., Chairman of Faculty. 

The Military Institute, at Marietta, owned by the 
State, has several officers and several students. Major 
Capers has been recently appointed Superintendent. 
Some 30 students dismissed at once for insubordination 
in 1859. 

The Legislature passed an Act last year to appropri- 
ate several hundred thousand dollars as a common- 
school fund ; but no good system has been devised ; 
the poor-school fund has failed to accomplish much 
good. 

Female Colleges. 

I. Wesleyan, Macon, chartered in 1886, the first in 
the State, and perhaps in the world; first name was 
"Female College," and funds contributed by all classes ; 
opened in 1839 ; Rev. O. L. Smith, President. 

II. Southern, Lagrange, begun by J. E. Dawson, 
1848 ; H. C. Brookes. 

III. Georgia, Madison, chartered in 1849 ; Gr. W. 

Brown. 

IV. Monroe University, begun in 1850; W. C. 

Wilkes. 
Y. Methodist^ Lagrange ; Rev. W. A. Harris. 
YI. Methodist, Madison ; James Pierce. 
Yll. Masonic, at Covington; C. Fulton. 
Yin. Masonic, at Lumpkin ; W. H. Yernon. 
IX. Synodical, Griffin ; James C. Patterson. 
X. Griffin, Griffin ; W. A. Rogers. 
XL Cassville, Cassville ; D. Kelsey. 
XII. Presbyterian,'Rov[ie. 

XIII. Gree7iesboro\ Greenesboro' ; Homer Hender. 

XIV. Lucy Cohb, Athens. 

XV. Perry, Perry ; H. M. Holtzclaw. 
7 



146 FEMALE COLLEGES. 

XVI. College Temple, Newnan; Kellogg. 
XVII. Baptist, Yilla Nova; E. D. Mallory. 
XVIII. Andrew, Cuthbert; O. P. Anthony. 
XIX. Marietta, Marietta ; W. H. Eobert. 
XX. Troo(ited Cedar Town ; J. M.Wood. 
Those below, it is not known whether all are char- 
tered as colleges, or all female entire : 
Augusta ; Wm. J. Hard. 
Columbus; Thos. B. Slade. 
Albany; Ingraham. 
Barnesville ; W. T. Bead. 
Fort Valley ; G. A. Holcomb. 
Sparta. 

Culverton, Hancock County. 
Turnwold, Putnam do. 
Eatonton ; Smith. 
Palmetto, Heard do. 

Pranklin Seminary, Heard ; M. S. ISTall. 
Eose Bower, 8 miles N. Newman, Coweta ; 
C. M. Hammond. 
Academies and Institutes, some male entirely, some 
female, and some mixed : 

Brownwood, near Lagrange, 20 years old ; W. Johns. 
Another near Lagrange, 15 years old, begun by Otis 
Smith. 

Bowdon Collegiate Institute ; McDaniel and Eichard- 
son. 

Carrolton, Carrolton, 1858 ; Mr. Leake. 
Hearn School, Cave Spring, over 20 years old. 
Thomasville, Methodist. 
Select School, Macon ; Benj. Polhill. 

do. Female ; J. E. Branham. 

Thomaston . 

Jonesboro\ mixed ; Candler. 
Cidloden Central Institute, Methodist. 
CuUodeji, do. Protestant Methodist. 

Washington Institute, Linton, Hancock Co.; C. W. 
Stevens. 
Mount Verjion, Eiddleville, Washington Co. ; Evans. 



FEMALE COLLEGES. 147 

Warthen^s Store, Washington Co. 

Alexander, Burke Co. 

Bock Mountain, Cooper. 

Eatoriton, Male, Eatonton; Hudson. 

Mixed, Fayetteville ; M. H. Looney. 

Mount Zion ; Northern. 

White Plains, Greene. 

Meson, Lexington, (begun in 1806). 

Washington! . 

Stileshoro\ 

Hilliard, near Forsyth, 1858 ; T. G. Scott. 

Colling sivorth, near Talbotton, (15 years old). 

Hamilton. 

Falniyra, Newborn, Newton Co. ; Kev. Mr. Cheeney. 

Amerkus, two or three High Schools, one called Furlow. 

Armuchee Academy, two miles from Dirttown p. o., 
Chattooga Co. 

Subligna, do. post village with a new academy, 12 
miles N. Dirttown. 

Male and Female schools at Buenavista. 

Pineville, nine miles S. W., has a large school. 

Preston, cap. Webster, has two schools. 

Morgan, Calhoun, has an academy, languages taught; 
also at Whitney in same county. 

Oakland Institute at Eowland's Mineral Springs and 
Ironworks. 

Brunswick, R. Fleming. 

There are Academies, in which the learned lan- 
guages are taught, at nearly eYQrj Court-house in the 
State, besides at many country places and villages, as 
Farmington and Salem in Clark, Social Circle in Walton. 

It is estimated that we may reckon for each county, 
two high schools or academies, besides all the common 
schools ; it is true, several of the lower counties, as Ap- 
pling, Irwin, Tattnall, Telfair, Bulloch, Emanuel, Charl- 
ton, Miller, Mitchell, Colquitt, Worth, Brooks, Wilcox, 
&c., may have no classical school ; yet the 182 counties will 
average two schools each, equal to 264 schools where 
languages are taught. 



148 SCHOOL STATISTICS. 

School statistics. 

[From the Governor's Message.] 

TTius far returns have only been received from 102 
counties. These returns contain much valuable informa- 
tion. I have had them arranged in a statistical table, 
which is in this office, and will be at all times subject to 
the inspection of Members of the Legislature. So soon 
as the Ordinaries of the other counties shall have made 
their returns, the table will be printed, if desired by the 
General Assembly. The returns from those 102 coun- 
ties, furnish the following among other interesting facts : 
Whole number of children between the ages of 8 and 18 
—107,825. Number between 8 and 18 taught in 1859, 
67,155 ; total of all persons taught, 79,922 ; of these 45,- 
090 are males, and 34,832 are females. Whole number 
of males taught in the elementary branches, 29,238 ; num- 
ber of females, 22,681. Whole number of males taught 
the higher branches, 8,032 ; females, 7,913. Average 
tuition, per annum, in the elementary branches, $15.50 ; 
in the higher branches, $26.00. Whole number of school-- 
houses, 1775 ; number of schools 1777. Kumber of 
Methodist Male Colleges, 4, in which there have been 
taught 358 pupils ; Methodist Female Colleges, 4, — pupils, 
524; Baptist Male Colleges, 3,— pupils, 207; Baptist 
Female Colleges, 4, — pupils, 322 ; Presbyterian Male Col- 
eges, 1, — pupils, 97; Presbyterian. Female Colleges, 3,— 
pupils, 325 ; Colleges and High Schools not sectarian, 
male, 16, — pupils,774 ; female,16, — ^pupils, 1,222 ; number 
of Academies, 57 . Out of the 102 counties, 99 have ap- 
pointed boards to examine teachers, and 129 teachers 
have passed an examination. The Ordinaries of only 49 
of the counties of this State, have given bonds as required 
by the statute for the proper disbursement of the school 
fund. The remaining 83 have not yet complied with the 
law in this particular, and will not be entitled to draw 
the fund until they shall have given bond as directed by 
the statute. For the benefit of their constituents, Pshall 
have the names of the defaulters published soon. 



KAILROADS — HISTORY. * 149 



Railroads -History. 



There was a great deal of talk about railroads as early 
as 1822 and '3, but in talk it ended. A railroad conven- 
tion was got up at Eatonton, in September, 1831, through 
the exertions of Charles P. Gordon, Wiley W. Mason, 
and others. Col. Cummingfrom Augusta, Major Prince 
from Macon, Judge Nichols of Savannah, and distin- 
guished men from m^ny counties, were present, Now an 
impulse was given to the subject. At the next Legisla- 
ture a charter was granted for a railroad from Augusta 
to Eatonton, but, at the session in 1832, the charter was 
so altered as to run direct to Athens, with branches to 
Eatonton and Madison. This was afterwards extended 
to the Chattahoochee. Operations were commenced in 
May, 1835, and in November twenty-five miles more 
were let out ; this was called the Georgia Railroad. Prior 
to this, Mr. JJavis had obtained a charter for a railroad 
from Darien to Brunswick, and, by the help of the State, 
had succeeded in cutting down the trees and clearing out 
the path ; but his interest was purchased, and in 1835 
the charter was so altered as to make a canal instead of 
a railroad. 

The charter of the Central Railroad, i. e., from Savannah 
to Macon, was granted December, 1833 or '4. 

The railroad from Macon .to Forsyth, twenty -five miles, 
was begun in the winter of 1836. 

In December, 1835, the Legislature granted to the 
Georgia and Central, and some other railroad companies, 
the right to establish banks and issue bills. 

In December, 1835, Col. T. Butler King obtained a 
charter for a railroad from Brunswick to the confluence 
of the Flint and Chattahoochee : this was surveyed in the 
winter of 1836-7. 

Several miles of the Central railroad, from Savannah, 
were completed in the spring of 1837, and cars were run- 
ning ; so also of the Georgia railroad, from Augusta. 



150 EAILROADS — HISTORY. 

This latter is intended to be finished to Crawfordville by 
Christmas, 1837. 

I. The Georgia Railroad runs from Augusta to Atlan- 
ta, 171 miles; cost $1,000,000. Branch to Athens, from 
Union Point in Greene, is 40 miles. Branch to Warrenton 
from Camac, 4 miles, and to Washington, about 18 miles. 
The cars ran up from Augusta some 25 miles into Colum- 
bia county, in January, 1837 ; to Augustin Greene's, 
near Burke's meeting-house, in November, 1838 ; to 
Greensboro', in May, 1839 ; and to Madison, in March, 
1840; 102 miles from Augusta. The whole was not 
completed to Atlanta till September, 1845. Dividend, 
1859, 8 per cent. 

II. Central Railroad. — The company formed 1836. 
First of May, 1838, the cars ran 25 miles ; 1st July, 32 
miles ; by Christmas, it was designed to run 50 miles. 
The whole was completed to Macon, 192 miles, by Octo- 
ber, 1843. Two branches — one from Millen, in Burke, 
via Waynesboro' to . Augusta, 53 miles, and one from 
Gordon to Eatonton, via Milledgeville, 38 miles, cost, 
without the branches, about $4,000,000. Dividend 

\l859, 20 per cent. Stock 120 to 123. 
^ III. Macon and Western Road. — Macon to Atlanta, 102 
miles. The first charter was for a road to Forsyth, some 
31 miles. To this spot cars ran about 1840. In 1843 
the bank connected with the road became deeply in- 
volved. The road was sold in 1845, and a new company 
formed, which hastened the concern to Atlanta in 1846. 
In the fall of 1845, the cars, with locomotive, for first 
time reached Jonesboro', with a load of salt. There 
is a branch from Barnesville to Thomaston, say 18 
miles, completed in summer of 1857. Dividend 16 per 
cent, on the Macon and Western. 

IV. South- Western Railroad. — The companj^ was or- 
ganized in. 1847. It was opened to Oglethorpe, just over 
Flint river, in Macon county, 50 miles from Macon, in 
1851. Here it met difficulties, probably want of funds, 
and was detained some years. The people supposed it 
would never be removed. Oglethorpe became a city in 



RAILROADS — HISTORY. * 151 

size and in corporation, in 1850.* In the fall of 1857 
the cars ran to Albany, which is now the terminus. At 
Smithville it diverges to Greorgetown and Fort Gaines, 
via Cuthbert. 

Y. Muscogee Railroad unites with South-western Rail- 
road in Taylor county, 50 miles east of Columbus. Fort 
Valley^ in Houston, is the point where the roads to Co- 
lumbus and to Albany diverge. Some 12 miles south of 
Americus, on the road to Albany, on the south line of 
Sumter county, a railroad diverges south-west at Smith- 
ville, and, passing through Dawson, the capital of Terrell, 
reaches Cuthbert, where one branch strikes the Chatta- 
hoochee, opposite Eufaula, in Alabama, near Georgetown, 
the capital of Quitman county : the other turns south- 
west to Fort Gaines, in Clay county. This road from 
Smithville was in operation a few miles in 1857. Cars 
reached Cuthbert in June, 1859, and the river in July, 
1860. 

YI. Atlanta and Wesipoint Road^ 87^ miles in length, 
\da Kewnan and Lagrange. At Westpoint the cars 
meet those from Montgomery. 

WII. The Western and Atlantic Railroad was chartered 
in 1836. This road is owned by the State. Much of it 
was graded in 1841, but it was slow work, as all public 
works are when managed by the Stata. The cars ran to 
Dalton, Cross Plains, in 1849, where ii; seemed to hang a 
long time, till the people supposed it would never get 
through the ridge by a tunnel. It was completed to 
Chattanooga in 1851, 138 miles from Atlanta. A branch 
runs from Kingston, down the Etow^ah to Rome, 20 
miles. Pays over $1,000 per day into state treasury un- 



* The cars reached Oglethorpe in July, 1851, then an incorporated 
town, where A. H. Chappell addressed thousands of people in a large ware- 
house. It was then the county seat, and contained some 2,500 inhabitants, 
bank agencies to buy cotton, and mighty wealth flitted before the people 
of the city; but its glory and magnificence faded away as soon as the cars 
moved on southward. Houses have been sold to planters, and removed 
to their plantations. It is difficult to conceive how every one was deluded, 
and led to suppose that the march of improvement would stop at this place . 



152 EAILROADS — HISTORY. 

der Grov. Brown's administration, by Doctor Lewis, su- 
perintendent. 

YIII. jSavan7iah and Gulph JRoad, from the citj to 
the confluence of Chattahoochee and Flint, thence to 
strike the waters of the Gulph. The cars now (July, 
1859,) run over St. Ilia river, within 12 miles of McDon- 
ald, a point in Ware, where the road from Brunswick is 
designed to intersect. By January, 1860, the cars ran to 
McDonald, 125 miles, — soon to reach Yaldosta. 

IX. Brunswick Boad, — Cars run on this road into 
Pierce county, west of St. Ilia river, some 10 miles, over- 
85 from Brunswick. The route now is to go direct to 
Waresboro', thenge to Albany. 

X. Air Line Road is surveyed from Atlanta, through 
Dekalb, Gainesville, Carnesville, and Hartwell, thence 
into South Carolina. 

XL Macon and Brunswick is now (1859) being sur- 
veyed. It crosses Ocmulgee river six miles below Ma- 
con, is to run through Twiggs, Pulaski, eastern part of 
Telfair, corner of Coffee, Appling diagonally, in the 
south-east corner of which it crosses Savannah railroad, 
and strikes the Brunswick railroad near Wayneville. 
Grading is begun, and all will be completed in winter 
of 1861. Soon, say in summer of 1861, much will be 
in running order. 

XII. Savannah and Charleston Railroad. — Length 102 
miles, crossing the Savannah 13 miles above the city, 
and soon unites with Central road to come into Sa- 
vannah. Probably all will be completed in winter of 
1860. 

XIII. Proposed Roads. — From Grifi&n, via Kewnan, to 
Jacksonville in Alabama, 90 miles. The talking and 
paper and puffing work are now in operation, and route 
surveyed. Grading begun in Griffin, 1st January, 1860. 
Soon to be graded to Newnan, 80 miles. 

XIY. Eailroad from Kome, via Cave Spring, to Jack- 
sonville, Alabama. 

XY. Eailroad from Macon, via Milledgeville, Sparta, 
Warrenton. This will no doubt be built. 



PROGRAMME OF THE RAILROADS* 153 

XYI. Griffin, via Indian Springs and Monticello, to 
Madison, 66 miles. 

XYII. Railroad from Rock Mountain, via Marietta, to 
Jacksonville, Alabama. Surveyed from Marietta, via 
Cedar Valley, to State Line, 53^ miles. 

XYIII, From Dalton to Rome. Work on north part 
beguD . 

Programme of the Railroads. 

1. Georgia Rom — Augusta to Atlanta, 171 miles : 
Belair 10 miles, Berzilia 20, During 29, Thomson 37, 

Camac 47, CummiDg 56, Crawfordville 64, Union Point 
76, Greenesboro' 83, Buckhead 95, Madison 103, Rut- 
ledge 112, Social Circle 119, Covington 130, Conyers 
140, Lithonia 146, Rock Mountain 155, Decatur 164, 
Atlanta 171. 

Branches from Double Wells to Washington, 18, and 
from Union Point to Athens, 40 miles. Augusta depot 
147 feet above tide- water, Berzilia 517 feet, Social Circle 
890, Atlanta 1,050. 

2. Western and Atlantic Road — 138 miles, Atlanta to 
Chattanooga: 

Chattahoochee river 8, Marietta 20, Acworth 34, 
Etow'ah river 47, Kingston 60, Williams (Adairsville) 
70, Calhoun 82, Oostenala (Reasaca) 85, Cross Plains 
(Dalton) 100, Tunnellville 107, Dogwood (near Ringold) 
114, Tennessee Line 121, Chattanooga 138. 

Branch from Kingston to Rome, 20 miles. Atlanta 
1,050 feet above tide-water, Marietta 1,132, thence a 
descent to Tennessee river; on Tennessee Line 714 feet 
above tide-water. 

3. Macon and Western—Yvom Atlanta to Macon 103 
miles. Griffin is 975 feet above the sea— 75 lower than 
Atlanta. 

Atlanta to East Point 6, Rough and Ready 5, Jones- 

boro' 11 — 23 miles ; Lovejoy's 9, Bear Creek 3, Fayette 

4, Griffin 7 — 43 miles ; Thornton 6, Milner 6—55 miles ; 

half-way station nearly. Barnes ville 6, Crogan 5, 

7# 



154 LITEEATURE. 

Collier's 6, Forsyth 6—78 ; Smarr's 5, Crawford 6, How- 
ard 8 ; Macon 6 — 103. 

Branch from Barnesville to Thomaston, 16 miles. 

4. Central Road — Telfair 4, Pooler 9, Bloomingdale 13, 
Eden 20, Marlow 26, Guyton 30, Brewer 35, Egypt 40, 
Oliver 45, Haley ondale 50, Cameron 55, Ogechee 62, 
Shelton 65, Scarborough 70, Millen 79 ; here a branch 
diverges for Augusta 53 miles; Cushingville 83, 
Herndon 90, Burton 96, Sebastopol, the S. W. corner 
of Burke county 99, Bostvvick 103, Spier's 111, stopping 
place for Louisville; Key West, ll'?^ l^^visboro 122, 
Powers' 130, Tennille 134, landing for Sandersville ; 
Eobinson 140, near Oconee river, 146, Toombsboro' 154, 
Mclntire 102 (sixteenth station near Irwinton), Gordon 
170, Whitaker 175, Griswold 181, Macon 191. Tennille, 
near Sandersville, 465 feet above tide- water, is the high- 
est point. 

Branch to Augusta via Waynesboro^ : 

Millen to Lumpkin's 10, Thomas 5, Waynesboro 7, 
Green's 7, McBean 7, Allen's 8, Augusta 10—53. 

Branch to Eatonton: 

Gordon to Whiting 9, Milledgeville 8 — 17; Merri- 
wether 8, Dennis 5, Eatonton 8 — 38 miles in all. 



Literature. 

But few authors in our State have attempted to write 
books, or even pamphlets. It may not be uninteresting 
to call up to memory a few. 

1802. Eev. Dr. Holcomb, of Savannah, commenced a 
quarterly periodical, of some 40 pages, entitled the 
"Georgia Analytical Eepository." This was literary 
and religious, conducted with ability, and continued 
about two years ; it was one of the first of the kind in 
the United States. 

After 1808, Judge Charlton published the life of Gen. 
James Jackson. 

1816. Capt. McCall wrote a History of Georgia, in two 



LITERATURE. » 156 

volumes. This is an interesting and useful work, and 
deserves to be better known. 

Messrs. Russell, a Methodist, and Polhill, a Baptist, 
published each a Book on the Baptismal contro- 
versy. 

Eev. Dr. Cummins published a pamphlet on Presby- 
terianism ; in 1820, a Historic Sermon. 

1819. Rev, Jesse Mercer's sermon on the death of Grov. 
Rabun, was preached before the Legislature, and by their 
order published. 

1818. Memoirs of Miss Smelt, by Dr. Waddell. 

1825. The Baptist Convention published two Disserta- 
tions and a sermon, by J. Mercer and A. Sherwood ; the 
sermon was on the education of the Ministry, and Theo- 
logical Schools. 

In 1825, Dr. Daniel, of Savannah, published a work on 
fevers, and suggested the use of mustard and pepper tea, 
instead of so much drastic medicines ; his plan is gain- 
ing with the people. 

Dr. Jones, of Lexington, published a work on fevers, 
specially on the fever which had made dreadful havoc in 
Oglethorpe during the fall of that year. 

Prior to this, Mr. Brantly, of Augusta, had printed 
two or three sermons — one on presenting children for 
prayers, one at the dedication of the Baptist meeting- 
house, one on the proofs of the Christian religion, Trini- 
tarians rational, etc. 

The Rev. Mr. Kilpatrick printed two sermons — one 
on " Grod's "Willingness to save Sinners," and also a Dia- 
logue on Missions, etc., by A. and B. ; a very useful 
publication. 

1828. Strictures on the sentiments of the Kehukee 
Association, by Nehemiah, were published, and passed 
through three or four editions. 

Wm, Mosely, of Henry county, published an Essay on 
Washing the Saints' Feet, in which he attempts to show it 
is an ordinance, and to be administered in connection 
with the Lord's Supper. 

1831. J. L, Brookes, of Jasper, published a sermon on 



156 LITERATUEE. 

the opposite side. His object is, to prove it is no ordi- 
nance, and has no connection with the Eucharist. 

1829. Joseph H. Lumpkin published an Essay on the 
Sabbath. 

1828. Eev. Dr. Cummins published a sermon on the 
salvability of infants, and their right to the ordinances ; 
this was answered in 1830, by Rev. Robert Fleming. 

1829. View of the Atonement, by Rev. Cyrus White, 
of Jasper. His views were supposed to border on Ar- 
menianism. He was answered by the Rev. Thomas 
J. Hand, Rev. Luke Robinson, and Rev. Jesse Mercer, 

*Rev. Mr. Scott published, in Columbus, a work ad- 
dressed to young Christians ; it contains many sensible 
remarks. 

1830. Education sermon before the Baptist Convention 
at Bethesda. 

*Rev. Mr. Pressly, of Gwinnette, on Baptism as held 
by Presbyterians. 

*Rev. Mr. Goulding, on the same subject. 

" The Way of Transgressors is Hard," a sermon by J. 
Shannon. 

1832. Education sermon before Baptist Convention at 
Powelton, by J. Lumpkin.- 

1833. The Introductory before the Baptist Convention 
at McDonough. 

Rev. Mr. Cassells published a book on the Faith and 
Practice of the Presbyterian Church. 

1835. Mission sermon before the Georgia Association 
at Augusta. 

From 1829 to 1835, Mr. Mallory, of Augusta, pub- 
lished numerous tracts and pamphlets of sterling value ; 
and about 1832, Memoirs of Rev. Edward Botsford — a 
valuable production. 

After 1825, the orations delivered before the literary 
societies at Athens were frequently published : those by 
Judges Clayton, Wayne, and Longstreet ; Messrs. Nes- 
bit, Chandler, etc. The one by the last-named gentle- 

<* The dates of these are not certainly known. 



LITERATURE. 157 

man was on Female Education, and, of course, popular 
with the ladies. 

In 1836, Col. Lumpkin's oration before the Societies 
at the Mercer Institute, was published. 

The foregoing is all that memory can, at present, call 
up, and it is a meagre list indeed. Look at our circum- 
stances : Thirty years have not passed away since civil- 
ization crossed the Oconee westward. Our fathers and 
brothers have been compelled, while they have felled 
the trees and cleared our lands, to stand sentinel, the one 
for the other ; they have labored, like the Jews in build- 
ing the second Temple, with the hoe in one hand and 
the rifle in the other. Literary leisure has not been 
afforded them. 

But in no country is the spirit of education more 
roused up. In 1829, the estimate was, that about 27,000 
pupils attend our academies and schools : now more 
than 50,000 are gathering knowledge from those foun- 
tains. Since 1829, too, three colleges have been planned, 
and over $100,000 secured for each : this in about two 
years past. A Female College^ at Macon, is in progress. 

Georgia is not wholly destitute of writers of taste ; 
these have furnished contributions for various periodi- 
cals. " Georgia Scenes and Incidents," a facetious work 
of some 200 pages, ascribed to a gentleman near Augusta, 
has obtained much favor even in neighboring States. 
It represents the customs and manners of former days- 
days when there was less refinement than now. This 
appeared first in the papers about 1834. 

The right to authorship of " My Life is Like a Sum- 
mer Eose," etc., has occasioned much discussion. It 
was ascribed to an Irish bard of great celebrity in by- 
gone days; to a Greek poet who flourished before the 
Christian era ; yet so modest was the real author that he 
asserted no claims. An English gentleman of distinc- 
tion, who was so much pleased with the poem as to 
translate it into Greek, when he witnessed the attempts 
to deprive Georgia of the honor of producing such a 
poet, made known the original writer. He resides in 
Augusta, 



158 LITERATURE. 

New List 

White's " Statistics," 1849, 700 pages; valuable work • 
Do., ".Historical Collections," 1854 ; full of in- 
terest. 

" Bench and Bar of Georgia," 1859 ; Biographical 
Sketches of Judges and Lawyers ; the most distinguish- 
ed men of the profession ; with much other matter. 2 
vols. 8vo. 987 pages in all. By Stephen F. Miller ^ of 
Oglethorpe, Macon Co. — Interesting work. 

First vol. History of Georgia. W. B. Stevens. 

" Law of Slavery," and a " Sketch of Slavery." T. R. 
R. Cobb, of Athens. 

" Mysterious Picture," 1825. By Judge Clayton, of 
Athens. 

" Poems," by J. J. Cassells. 

" Tallulah, and other Poems," by Judge H. R. Jack- 
son, Savannah. 

Poems, by Judge P. M. Charlton, Savannah. 

A work on Austria, by Hon. W. H. Stiles. 

*' Young Marooners," by Rev. Mr. Goulding. 

Manolia, by Wm. Rembert. 

The Pastor's Daughter, by Mrs. C. W. Dubose. 

Works of Mrs. C. Lee Hentz. 

Miranda Elliot ; or, The Voice of the Spirit, by Mrs. S. 
H. Maxwell. 

Prose and Poems, by Miss Gay. 

Poems, by Miss Sinclair. 

Poems, by Miss Blount. 

Manual, by Wm. M. Reese. 

Form Book, by R. K. Hines. 

Georgians, l3y ex-Governor Gilmer, of Lexington. 

Analysis and Book of Forms, by T. R. R. Cobb. 

Life, Love, and Madness of Torquato Tasso, by Hon. 
R. H. Wilde. 

Digest of Laws, by T. R. R. Cobb. 

Index to Georgia Reports, by do. 

Work on Slavery (1856), by Howell Cobb, of Houston 
countv. 



LITERATURE. % 159 

History of Southern Central Agricultural Society, by 
D. W. Lewis. 

Fort's Practice of Medicine, by Dr. T. Fort, Milledge- 
ville. 

Henry Vernon, by James M. Smythe, of Augasta. 

Ethei Somers, by do. 

Medical work, by Dr. Jos. Jones. 

Histo'ry of Presbyterian Church, by C. C. Jones. 

Hist. Instruction of Negroes, Catechism, etc., by do. 

Engineering, by Prof. C. F. McCay, of Franklin Col- 
lege. 

Calculus and Civil Engineering, by do. 

Manual of Medicine, by Thos. S. Powel. 

Work on Baptism, an Answer to a Presiding Elder, 
by J. H. T. Kilpatrick. 

Progress, by Wm. J. Sassnet. 

Sir John Franklin, and other poems, by J. A. Turner. 

Physical Manipulation, by J. D. Easter. 

Memoirs of Jesse Mercer (1844), by C. D. Mallory. 

History cf Georgia Association, by Jesse Mercer. 

Georgia Baptists, 1847, by Jesse H. Campbell. 

Georgia Pulpit (sermons), 1849, by Kobert Flemings 

John's Baptism, 1848, by do. 

Biography of B. M. Sanders, by C. D. Mallory. 
" Wimberly, by do. 

Manual of Theology, 1858, 2 vols., by J. L. Dagg. 

Notes on New Testament, 1857, by Ariel Sherwood. 

Origin and Authority of the Bible, by J. L. Dagg. 

Value of Sabbath-schools, by C. D. Mallory. 

Nature and Means of Sanctification, by do. 

Predestination and Perseverance, by P. H. Mell. 

Baptism, by do. 

Baptism of Jesus, by K. M. Crawford. 

Christian Paradoxes (1858), by do. 

Three vols. Sermons (say 1825), by Dr. Kollock. 

Southern Arithmetic, by M. H. Looney, of Fay^tte- 
ville. 

The Sisters, Mrs. Martin and Mrs. Kandal, of Greenes- 
boro'. 



160 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

Georgia Historical Society, one vol. 

Election, a discourse by B. F. Tbarpe. 

Baptism by Pedobaptist Ministers, by Joseph Walker. 

1858. Address at Synod, Female College; Griffin, by 
Judge Nesbit. 

1859. Do. Societies of Griffin Female College, by C. W. 
Howard. 

Central Africa, 1856, by T. J. Bowen. 

A Grammar of Yarruba Language, published, by 
Smithsonian Institute, 1858, by do. 

Discourse before Baptist Convention, 1859, by C. D. 
Mallory. 

Willie Huard, 1859, by W. J. Hard. 

Maps of Georgia. — Early's, say 1816; Sherwood's, 
small, 1829 and 1837 ; Greene's; Bonner's, large, 1854 ; 
Butts', large, 1859. 

Sherwood's Gazetteer, 1827-'29-'37. 

John's Baptism, by J. H. Corley. * 

Many Discourses and Sermons not recollected. 

Chronological Table of the G-overnors of the State of 
G-eorgia, 

Names of Governors. Elected. Time Expired. 

James Edw'd Oglethorpe July 15, 1732 June 9, 1762 

Wm. Stephens, act. Gov. July 11, 1743 Ap'l 8, 1751 

Henry Parker, act. Gov. Ap'l 8, 1751 Oct. 1, 1754 

John Keynolds* Oct. 1, 1754 Feb. 15, 1757 

Henry Ellis Feb. 16, 1757 Oct. 31, 1760 

James Wright Oct. 31, 1760 July 11, 1762 

J. Habersham, act. Gov. July 2, 1771 Feb. 11, 1773 

William Erwinf June 22, 1775 Jan. 20, 1776 

Archibald Bullock^ Jan. 20, 1776 Feb. 22, 1777 

Button Gwinnett Feb. 22, 1777 May 8, 1777 

John A. Treuilen§ May 8, 1777 Jan. 8, 1778 

JolfM Houston Jan. 8, 1778 Dec. 29, 1778 

^' Governor under the Crown of Great Britain. 

t President of the Council of Safety under the American Government. 

X President of the Provincial Council. 

§ Governor under the New Constitution. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 161 



John Werriatt"^ 


Dec. 


29,1778^ 


:: Nov. 


4, 1779 


George "Walton 


Nov. 


4, 1779 


Jan. 


7, 1780 


Eichard Howley 


Jan. 


7, 1780 


u 


7, 1781 


Stephen Heard 


Jan. 


7, 1781 


Aug. 


15, 1781 


Nathan Brown son 


Aug. 


15, 1781 


Jan. 


8, 1782 


John Martin 


Jan. 


8, 1782 


u 


9, 1783 


Ljraan Hall 


(( 


9, 1783 


u 


9, 1784 


John Houston 


u 


9, 1784 


u 


14, 1785 


Samuel Elbert 


u 


14, 1785 


u 


9, 1786 


Edward Telfair 


u 


9, 1786 


(( 


9, 1787 


George Matthews 


u 


9, 1787 


a 


25, 1788 


George Handly 


u 


25, 1788 


(( 


7, 1789 


George Walton 


(( 


7, 1789 


Nov. 


9, 1790 


Edward Telfair 


Nov. 


9, 1790 


u 


7, 1793 


George Matthews 


(( 


1793 


Jan. 


15, 1796 


Jared Irwin 


Jan. 


15, 1796 


u 


12, 1798 


James Jackson 


(( 


12, 1798 


Mar. 


3, 1801 


David Emanuelf 


Mar. 


3, 1801 


Nov. 


7, 1801 


Josiah Tattnall 


Nov. 


7, 1801 


u 


7, 1802 


John Milledge 


(( 


7, 1802 


Sep. 


3, 1806 


Jared Irwin, Pres. Senate 


) Sep. 


22, 1806 


Nov. 


7, 1806 


Jared Irwin 


Nov. 


7, 1806 


C( 


9, 1809 


David B Mitchell 


u 


9, 1809 


u 


13, 1813 


Peter Early 


a 


1813 


ii 


1815 


David B. Mitchell 


u 


1815 


Mar. 


4, 1817 


William Eabun:!: 


Mar. 


4, 1817 


Nov. 


1817 


William Eabun 


Nov. 


1817 


Oct. 


28, 1819 


Matthew Talbotg 


Oct. 


28, 1819 


Nov. 


13, 1819 


John Clark 


Nov. 


13, 1819 


li 


1823 


George M. Troup 


u 


1823 


(( 


1827 


John Forsyth 


({ 


1827 


(( 


1829 


George E. Gilmer 


u 


1829 


(C 


1831 


William Lumpkin 


u 


1831 


u 


1835 


William Schley 


(( 


16, 1835 


u 


1837 


G. E. Gilmer 




1837 




1839 



''^ President of the Executive Council, 
t President of the Senate. 

President of the Senate, Governor ad interim. 

President of the Senate, Governor ad interim. 



162 



MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 



Clias. J. McDonald 
G. W. Crawford 
G. W. Towns 
Howell Cobb 
H. V. Johnson 
Joseph E. Brown 



1839 


1843 


1845 


1847 


1847 


1851 


1851 


1853 


1853 


1857 


1857 


1861 



Members of Congress from Georgia, from 1774 to 

1788. 



Abrn'in Baldwin, 1785 '88 

Nathan Brownson, 1776 '78 

Arch'bkl Bullock, 1775 '76 

Joseph Clay, 1778 '80 

Txr-iT -c^ \ 1780 '82 

William Few, | 1^35 ,39 

AVilliam Gibbons, 1784 '86 

Button Gwinnette, 1776 '77 

John Habersham, 1785 '86 

Lyman Hall, 1775 '79 

John Houston, 1775 '77 

William Houston, 1784 '87 



Richard Howley, 

N. W. Jones, 

Ed. Langworthy, 
W. Pierce, 

Edward Telfair, 

George Walton, 

Joseph Wood, 
John J. Zubly, 



1780 '81 

1775 '76 

1781 »83 

1777 '79 
1786 '87 
1777 '79 
1780 '83 

1776 '79 
1780 '81 

1777 '79 
1775 '76 



Senators from 1789 to 1860. 



*A. Baldwin, 
*John M. Berrien, 
*Wm. W. Bibb, 
*Wm. B. Bullock, 
*Thos. W. Cobb, 
*Wm. H. Crawford, 
*John Elliott, 
* William Few, 

*J. Forsyth, -j 

*James Gunn, ■! 
*James Jackson, •! 



1799 '07 
1825 '29 
1813 '16 
1813 '13 
1824 '28 
1807 '13 
1819 '25 
1789 '93 
1818 '19 
1829 '37 
1789 '90 
1791 '01 
1793 '95 
1801 '06 



*George Jones, 
*John Milledge, 
*01iver H. Prince, 
*Charles Tait, 
*Josiah Tattnall, 

*G. M. Troup, I 

*Freeraan Walker, 
*John Walker, 
*George Walton, 
*Nicholas Ware, 
John P. King, 
*Alfred Cuthbert, 
Wilson Lumpkins, 



'07 
'09 
'29 
'19 
'99 
'18 
'35 
'21 
'91 
1795 '96 
1821 '24 

1834 '38 

1835 '43 
1838 '41 



1857 
1806 
182S 
1809 
1796 
1816 
1829 
1819 
1790 



Deceased. 



REPRESENTATIVES. 



163 



W. T. Colquitt, 1843 '49 R. M. Charlton, 1852 — 
*J. M. P. Berrien, 1847 '52 Alfred Iverson, j Present 
*W. C. Dawson, 1849 '55 R. A. Toombs, | Senators. 



Mepresentatives from 1789. 



*Joel Abbott, 
*A Baldwin, 
*William Barnett, 
^William W. Bibb, 
* Joseph Bryan, 
*Thos. P. Carnes, 
*George Cary, 
*A. S. Clayton, 
*Howell Cobb, 

*T. W. Cobb. -j 

*Zadock Cook, 
*Joel Crawford, 

*A. Cuthbert, | 

John A. Cuthbert, 
*Peter Early, 
*John Floyd, 

*J. Forsyth, | 

*Tonilinson Fort, 
*Thos. F. Foster, 

*Geo. R. Gilmer, 

*Bolling Hall, 
*Sam'l Hammond, 
*Chas. E. H lynes, 



1817 
1789 
1812 
1806 
1803 
1793 
1823 
1831 
1807 
1817 
1823 
1817 
1817 
1814 
1821 
1819 
1802 
1827 
1813 
1823 
1827 
1829 
1821 
1827 
1833 
1811 
1803 
1825 



'25 

'99 
'15 
'14 
'06 
'95 
'27 
'25 
'12 
'21 
'24 
'19 
'21 
'17 
'27 
'21 
'07 
'29 
'18 
'27 
'29 
'35 
'23 
'29 
'35 
'17 
'05 
'31 



*James Jackson, 
*James Jones, 
Henry G. Lamar, 

W. Lumpkin, -j 

*Geo. Matthews, 
*D. Merriwether, 
Jas. Merriwether, 

*John Milledge, 

*Daniel Newnan, 
*Robert R. Reid, 
*Dennis Smelt, 
*Thos, Spalding, 
*Benj. Taliaferro, 
*Ed. F. Tattnall, 
*Thomas Telfair, 
*William Terrell, 
*Wiley Thompson, 
■^George M. Troup 
*Anthony Wayne, 
James M. Wayne, 
*Francis Willis, 

*R. H. Wilde, 

Julius C. Alford, 



1789 
1799 
1829 
1815 
1827 
1789 
1802 
1825 
1792 
1795 
1801 
1831 
1818 
1806 
1805 
1799 
1821 
1813 
1817 
1821 
1807 
1791 
1829 
1791 
1815 
1824 
1827 
1836 



91 
01 
33 
17 
31 
91 
07 
27 
93 
99 
02 
33 
23 
11 
06 
02 
27 
17 
21 
33 
15 
92 
30 
93 
17 
25 
33 
37 



Members of the 23 7 Congress (1833-'35.) *A. S. Clayton, 
*John Coffee, *T. F. Foster, *R. L. Gamble, *G. R. Gilmer, 
Seaborn Jones, Wm. Soliley, J. M. Wayne, *R. H. Wilde. 



Deceased. 



164 MEMBEKS OF CONGRESS. 

Members of the 24(h Congress (1835-'37.) Jesse F. 
Cleveland, *John Coffee, *Thos. Glascock. Seaton Grantland, 
*CJiarles E. Haynes, Hopkins Halsey, Jabez Jackson, Geo. 
W. Owens, *George W. B. Townes. 

Members of the 25th Congress (1837-'39.) *Thomas 
Glascock, J. F. Cleveland, Seaton Grantland, Charles E. 
*Haynes, Hopkins Halsey, Jabez Jackson, G. W. Owens, *G. 
W. B. Townes, *W. C. Dawson. 

Members of the 2Qth Congress (1839-'41.) Julius C. Al- 
ford, E. J. Black, *W. T. Colquitt, Mark A. Cooper, R. W. 
Habasham, Thos. B. King, E. A. Nesbit, Lott Warren. 

Members of the Tith Congress (1841-'43.) E. J. Black, 
*W. T. Colquitt, Mark A. Cooper, *Thos. F. Foster, *Roger 
L. Gamble, R. W. Habasham, T. B. King, *J. A. Merri- 
wether, L. Warren. * 

Members of the 28th Congress (1843-'45.) E. J. Black, 
A. H. Chappell, *D. L. Clinch, Howell Cobb, *Hugh A. 
Harralson, *John H. Lumpkins, A. H. Stephens, Wm. H. 
Stiles. 

Members of the 2Uh Congress (1845-'47.) Howell Cobb, 
*H. A. Harralson, Seaborn Jones, Thos. B- King, *John H. 
Lumpkin, A. H. Stephens, Robert A. Toombs, *George W. 
Townes. 

Members of the ^Oth Congress (1847-'49.) How^ell Cobb, 
H. A. Harralson, Alfred Iverson, John W, Jones, Thos. B. 
King, *J. H. Lumpkin, A. H. Stephens, Robert A. Toombs. 

Members of the ^\st Congress (1849-'51.) Howell Cobb, 
Thos. C Hackett, H. A. Harralson, T. B. King, Allen J. 
Owen, A. H. Stephens, Robert A. Toombs, M. J. Welborn. 

Members of the ^2d Congress (1851-'53.) David J. Bai- 
ley, Jackson, E. W. Chastain, Toccoa, Junius Hillyer, 
Monroe, Joseph W. Jackson, Savannah, Jas. Johnson, Co- 
lumbus, Chas. Murphy, Decatur, A. H. Stephens, Robert 
Toombs. 

Members of the Mth Congress (1853-'55.) Howell Cobb, 
M. Crawford, Nathaniel Greene Foster, *John H. Lumpkin, 
Jas. L. Sew^ard, A. H. Stephens, R. P. Trippe, Hiram War- 
ner. 



THE PRESS. * 165 

Members of the S5th Congress (1855-'57.) Martin Craw- 
ford, Lucius Gartrell, Joshua Hill, Jas. Jackson, Jas. L. Sew- 
ard, A. H, Stephens, R. P. Trippe, Augustus Wright. 

Members of the SQth Co?tgress (1857-'59.) M. Crawford, 
Columbus ; L. Gartrell, Atlanta ; Thos. Hardraan, Macon ; 
Joshua Hill, Madison ; Jas. Jackson, Athens ; John J. 
Jones, Waynesboro' ; Peter Early Love, Thomasville ; J. 
W. Underwood, Rome. 

Judges of the Supreme Court. — Established in 1845. 

Joseph Henry Lumpkin, Dec, 1845 ; Hiram Warner, 
Dec, 1845 ; Eugenius A. Nesbit, Dec, 1845 ; Ebenezer 
Starnes, July, 1853 ; Henry L. Benning, Nov., 1853 ; Chas. 
J. McDonald, Jan., 1856. 

Present members. Lumpkin, R. F. Lyon, and one va- 
cancy. Judge McDonald resigned in 1859, and Linton 
Stephens was appointed by the Governor, and he resigned. 
Lyon was elected in December, 1859 ; vice Judge Benning, 

Philadelphia^ 1776. — Subscribers to the Declaration of 
Independence : Button Gwinnette, Lyman Hall, George 
Walton. 

Philadelphia^ 1778. — Who subscribed the Articles of 
Confederation : Edward Langworthy, Edward Telfair, 
John Walton. 

Philadelphia^ 1787. — Framers of the Constitution of the 
United States : Abraham Baldwin, William Few, William 
Pierce, George Walton, William Houston, Nathaniel Pen- 
dleton. 

The Press- 1837. 

" The first press," says Dr. Holmes, in his Annals of 
America, "set up in this country, was at Cambridge, 
Mass., in 1639 ; the first thing printed was the Freeman's 
Oath ; the second was an Almanac, and the third the 
Psalms of David, newly turned into metre." 

We cannot be so minute in our statements in regard to 
the Georgia Press. About 1762 or '3, a paper was pub- 
lished in Savannah, called the Georgia Gazette, by James 
Johnson. This expired in '99. 1775 there was still but 



166 THE PRESS. 

one paper in the State. In 1810 there were thirteen. 
Now there are eighteen weekly, semi-weekly, and daily 
papers published. 

As a people we have been too much engaged in pursuits 
necessary to a livelihood, to write books or to read them. 

1. Augusta Chronicle. — This paper was established 
about 1785, now issuing its 44th volume, by J. E. Smith. 
It has passed through several owners, and now published 
by A. H, Pemberton, who offers it for sale. 

2. Savannah Republican^ established in 1798, by Lyon 
& Morse. Now conducted by Frederick S. Fell. 

3. Washington News^ established in 1800, by Alexan- 
der M'Millan, and called "Washington Gazette." In 
1801 it was conducted by Capt. D. P. Hillhouse, and call- 
ed " Monitor." In 1820 it took its present name, and 
was edited by Mr. Gieu. In 1827, Mr. Pasteur assumed 
the duties of its editor. 

4. Georgia Journal, established in 1809, by Seaton 
Grantland ; in 1819, Camac k Hines were the conduct- 
ors ; in 1823, Camac & Ragland, who now conduct it. 
Numiber issued, 2,500. 

5. Savanyiah Georgian., established in 1818, by a socie- 
ty of gentlemen. George Harny, Editor. Now conduct- 
ed by Robinson & Bevan. 

6. Southern Recorder^ established in 1820, by Grant- 
land k Orme, who now conduct it. Number issued, 2,000. 

7. Georgia Messenger^ established 18th March, 1823, by 
Major Matthew Robertson. Now conducted by Rose k 
Slade, price $3. Number issued, 700. The press with 
which this paper was commenced had been used to print 
the Louisville Gazette, a paper established at Louisville, 
say 1796, by Day k Healy. It was changed to "Ameri- 
can Advocate." Then by Wheeler to the " Columbian 
Advocate." Wheeler died insolvent. In 1820 Major 
Robinson bought the press and type for $30, at auction, 
and conducted a paper, called the " Sentinel^^ a while, and 
then exchanged the old types for new, in Philadelphia. 
Brought the press to Macon, and commenced the " Geor- 
gia Messenger " with it, and having purchased a new one, 



THE PRESS. 167 

broke it in pieces. It was an oak press, and made in Eng- 
land. 

8. Constitutionalist, established in Jnlj, 1823, by Wil- 
liam J. Bunce, who now publishes it, on Tuesdays and 
Fridays. 

9. Athenian, established in 1827, by O. P. Shaw. 
Number issued, 500. This paper was called the " Colum- 
bian Sentinel," in 1824, and conducted by P. Eobinson. 

10. Statesman and Patriot, established in 1827, by E. 
H. Burrett. The "Patriot," established in 1822, and 
" Georgia Statesman," in 1825, were amalgamated to form 
tbe " Statesman and Patriot." 

11. Georgia Courier^ established in May, 1826, by 
Brantly k Clarke, now conducted by J. Gr. M'Whorter, 
and published on Mondays and Thursdays. 

12. Hancock Advertiser, established in 1826, by J. P. 
Norton, conducted by the same ; price $2 in advance. 

18. Macon Telegraphy established in 1826, by M. Bart- 
lett, now conducted by the same. Number issued, 700. 
Price, $3 in advance. 

14. Columbus Enquirer, established in 1827, by M. B. 
Lamar. Price, $3 in advance. Number issued 600. 

15. Jackson JRejoublican, established at McDonough, in 
1827, by Minor. 

16. Rural Cabinet^ established in 1828, by P. Eobin- 
son. 

17. Savannah Mercury, established in 1828, by C. E. 
Bartlett. 

18. Darien Phoenix, established in 1829. 

Newspapers^ 1859. 



1. Dailies. 




State Press Macon. 


Chronicle and Sentinel 


1, Augusta. 


2. Tri- Weeklies. 


Evening Dispatch, 


do 


Patriot, Marietta. 


Constitutionalist, 


do 


Advocate, do 


Eepublican,' 


Savannah. 


National American, Atlanta. 


Morning News, 


do 


3. Semi- Weeklies. 


Times, 


Columbus. 


Southern Confederacy, Atlanta. 


Enquirer, 


do 


4. Weeklies. 


Sua 


do 


Temperance Crusader, Atlanta. 


Intelligencer, 


Atlanta. 


Ga. Telegraph, Macon. 



168 



MINERAL SPRINGS. 



Ga. Citizen, Macon. 

Journal & Messenger, do 

Christian Index, do 

Federal Union, Milledgeville. 

Southern Recorder, do 

S. Com. Advertiser, Rome. 

Courier, do • 

S. Western News, Americus. 

Sumter Republican, do 

Albany Patriot, Albany. 

North Ga. Times. Dalton. 

American Union, Griffin. 

Democrat, do. 

Empire State, do. 

Middle Georgian, do. 

American Citizen, Westpoint. 
Southern Banner, Athens. 

Southern Watchman, do 

Independent Blade, Newnan. 
Banner & Sentinel, do 

Argus, Bainbridge. 

Southern Georgian, do 

Palladium, Lumpkin. 

Standard, Cassville. 

Democratic Platform, Calhoun. 
Waynesboro News, Waynesboro. 
Southern Enterprise, Thomasville. 
Wire Grass Reporter, do 

Weekly Gazette, Greensboro', 
S. Ga. Watchman, Troupville. 
Wilkes Republican, Washington. 
Pulaski Times, Hawkinsvillc. 
Central Georgian, iSandersville. 
Educational Journal, Forsyth. 
Independent Press, Rock Mount'n 

A few others have been 
made out. 



Upson Pilot, 
Cuthbert Reporter, 
Express, 
Journal, 

News, 

Weekly Visitor, 
Mountain Signal, 
S. Field & Fireside, 
Corner Stone, 
Herald, 

Literary Casket, 
Times, 
Express, 

Nineteenth Century 
Star of the South. 



Thomaston. 

Cuthbert. 

Cartersville. 

Clarkesville. 

Lawrence ville. 

Madison. 

Dahlonega. 

Augusta. 

Columbus. 

Brunswick. 

Fayetteville. 

Covington. 

Ringold. 

Fort Valley. 

Elberton. 



Macoi^. 
do 

Augusta, 
do 



5. Bi- Monthly 

Spiritualist, 
Champion, 

6 
Southern Cultivator 
Business Director, 
S. Med. and Surg. Journal, do 
Savannah Journal of Medicine, Sa- 
vannah. 
South Countryman, Marietta. 
Medical Journal, Atlanta. 

Progressionist, Newnan. 

College Miscellany, (Female,) Cov- 
ington. 
Fly Leaf, (Female,) Newnan-, 
University Magazine, Athens. 
One at Newnan, by Davis. 

do at Waresboro'. 

do at Elberton. 

established since this list was 



Mineral Springs. — There are several of this kind, that 
are much celebrated for their healing virtues. 

The Indian Springs, in Butts county, 7 m. W. of the 
Ocmulgee, in the fork of two creeks. The chief ingredi- 
ent in the waters is sulphur, though they contain many 
others, and are considered infallible in the most obsti- 
nate cases of rheumatism. They are said also to be a rem- 
edy for the gravel; they cure all cutaneous disorders, 
and are efficacious in removinor the effects of a too liber- 



MINEKAL SPRINGS. x 169 

al use of calomel. This is at present the most fashion- 
able watering-place in the State. From 600 to 800 are 
frequently here at a time. There are several large hotels, 
capable of accommodating 1500 f)ersons, besides 30 or 40 
cabins, which are comfortable buildings, and rented 
every year to one or more families. The treaty by 
which the late purchase was acquired, was concluded at 
this place. 

Madison Springs, in Madison county, are 23 m. N. W. 
Athens, 7 N. W. Danielsville. The waters are strongly 
impregnated with iron, and are effectual in the cure of 
rheumatism, and cutaneous disorders. This has been a 
fashionable resort, but is not at present so much fre- 
quented as the Indian Springs. Here is a spacious ho- 
tel, capable of affording accommodation to 150, or 200 
persons. Several lots have been purchased of the pro- 
prietor, and comfortable houses erected on them for a 
summer residence. A school is kept here during the 
summer season. People in search of health can find no 
purer water, nor healthier climate than are found in this 
section. The soil is very poor around the Springs. 

Franklin Springs are 8 m. N. of the above, in Frank- 
lin county ; and the quality of the water is quite similar. 
Here are several cabins, and many persons resort here to 
spend the sultry season. 

In the neighborhood of Athens are several springs 
highly impregnated with iron; so much so, as to render" 
the water quite unpalatable. 

In Wilkes is also a spring, which formerly was a place 
of considerable resort. 

Cobb's Mineral Spring in Jefferson, has been visited 
by many. 

In Greene are several springs, having much chalybeate 
in their waters. 

In Wayne county are also mineral springs. 

In Taliaferro is a spring. 

In Pike, near the Flint river, is one called the Thunder- 
ing Spring. The waters have effected cures in several ob- 
stinate cases of rheumatism. 
8 



170 SUMMER RETREATS, ETC. 

Gordon^ Springs, near Taylor's" Eidge, some 8 m. S. of 
Tunnelville, in S. W. cor. of White-field county, formerly 
Walker, are much celebrated. The accommodations are 
ample ; hundreds of persons spend the hot months in 
this cool shady valley. Here are some 20 springs; some 
are chalybeate, strongly tinctured with iron, some are 
sulphur, and some magnesia. From Taylor's Eidge, just 
by, the eye can see into North Carolina, Tennessee, and 
Alabama. A view here, of the charming and wonderful 
scenery, is worth a visit, if you have to travel 1000 
miles. 

Catoosa Springs are some 2 m. N. of Eingold, in Ca- 
toosa county : the buildings are elegant, the mountain 
scenery, as around Gordon's, is most romantic and de- 
lightful. About 50 springs are in this valley, all of a 
mineral character ; they used to be called Eed Sulphur 
Springs. 

Cohutta Springs are in Murray, on the waters of the 
Connesauga, 10 m. N. E. Court-house. Many persons 
visit these waters, though not so accessible as the others. 

Powder Sp7'ings, in Cobb, 12 m. from Marietta, in the 
Western part. Here is a pretty village, with Academy, 
Methodist and Baptist houses of worship. Incorporated 
in 1838. 

In almost every county in the Cherokee country, ?'. e., 
all N. W. Chattahoochee river, there are springs of va- 
rious medicinal qualities. 

Summer Retreats, Objects of Am.usement, &c. 

These are numerous,' and full of interest. It is not nec- 
essary that we pack off to the North, to kill the ennui 
occasioned by our long summers ; there are objects of 
interest enough in our own State, to detain every patri- 
ot. Let us enumerate some. 

1. The Madison and Indian springs; Warm springs, 
and Chalybeate, and Limestone springs, in all the upper 
part of our State : most of them are in spots as healthy 
as any part of this globe. 



SUMMER RETREATS, ETC. 171 

2. There are the Kock, and Currahee mountains; 
Toccoa, and Tallulah falls; Nickojack, and Walker 
caves; and water- falls, and cascades, and caves, and 
mountains, and valleys, all over Cherokee country. 

8. Then Clarkesville, Gainesville, Cassville, Eome, 
and other villages, furnish healthy and pleasant places 
for visitors. Limestone and Chalybeate springs abound 
near all those places. 

Should it be said, polite people cannot be entertained 
at those places, — let it be remembered that for fifty years, 
there was but one old Indian hut at the Saratoga 
Springs, the most fashionable watering-place in the world, 
now containing a population of some 2,000. If you do 
not spend your summers in the up-country, you cannot 
expect the citizens to make preparations for you ; try it 
one season, and make out the best you can, promising to 
return the next, and your accommodations will be greatly 
improved. Several reasons urge this course now, viz: 
that you spend your money in your own State ; you can 
have your own servants with you, without the danger of 
a mob. Again, railroads will be convenient, in a short 
time, for travelling all over the State. 

For the benefit of those who have not enjoyed your 
low country polite society, and who are rather awkward, 
clownish hosts, in the commencement, the following old 
letter, addressed to a daughter, just commencing a pub- 
lic house, is inserted: 

Home, July, 1783. 
Dear Bess : — Entering on a new sphere of business, you will need ad- 
vise. I am an old traveller, and know how to give it. The following 
remarks regard your treatment of genteel company : others will not ex- 
pect so much attention : 

1. Let your house be kept neat. Have your furniture, and rooms, 
brushed and wiped every morning. 

2. Keep scrapers at the outside doors, and mats at every door. 

3. Let your beds have clean sheets for every vLsitor: this is indispensa- 
ble. 

4. Let your bedsteads be cleansed every March, and you will be sel- 
dom troubled with multipedes ; if you should be, use quicksilver and 
tallow. 

5. Have your cooking done free from coals and ashes : frequently 
let your ham and chickens be broiled, instead of fried. 



172 COTTON FACTORIES. 

6. Travellers like strong coffee, and well settled : but they cannot en- 
dure smoky, or greasy tea. 

7. Let your water bucket stand so high, that your children shall not 
dabble in it. 

8. Keep a spit-box in each room : this will teach vulgar people that 
the floors were not made to spit on. 

9. In a large establishment, you may have two or three large rooms, 
with several beds : but, as a general thing, have small rooms, and single 
beds. 

10. Teach all around you to perform their duty in a silent manner ; 
let each know the particular ring of the bell for him. 

11. Let it be the business of one, to receive strangers, and show them 
the common entrance room. 

12. Don't allow your children to examine the baggage of your guests ; 
nor to belch up wind at the tab'e. 

13. If you are intent on keeping a still, genteel house, noisy, vulgar 
people will soon take the hint, and leave your worthy guests. 

14. Furnish your public rooms with some good books, geographical, 
and descriptive works, and papers for the season. 

15. If you clear expenses the first season, you should be satisfied ; for 
I am certain, unless you have greatly changed for the worse, since you 
left my roof, your winning manners will secure the return of old guests, 
and each will bring a new one for the next year. 

If you follow the above directions, and such suggestions as will nat- 
urally arise in your inquisitive mind, your guests will always leave you 
with regret, and hasten to return to your well-managed establishment. 
Your loving Father, 

JOSHUA CLIFFORD. 



Cotton Factories. 

Factories. — Factories to make cotton and woollen cloths 
have been established in two or three counties; but^ow; 
ing to the liigh price of labor, they have been but short- 
lived. Since the late tariff, however, they have begun 
to start up in several places. 

In 1810, the Wilkes Manufacturing Company was in- 
corporated, with a capital of $10,000. About this time, 
one was brought into operation on Little river, in Mor- 
gan, but they were short-lived. About 1828, one was 
erected 4 miles below Athens, on the Oconee, by Judge 
Clayton and others, and it was found profitable. In 1830, 
another was erected at Athens, which was burned soon 
after its operations were commenced; it was, however, 
rebuilt. After this, the number began to increase, and 
the capital invested has been very productive. 



COTTON FACTOKIES. 173 

The following is the best list to be procured (1837) : 

1 four miles below Athens. 

1 at Athens. 

1 two miles south-west of Athens, on the middle branch 
of the Oconee. 

1 twelve miles west of Athens, on the Appalachee, at 
the high shoals. 

1 eighteen miles below Athens, in Greene, at the Scull 
shoals on the Oconee. 

1 three miles west of Eatonton, on Little river. 

2 in Upson county, on Potatoe creek. 

1 three miles above Columbus, on the Chattahoochee. 

2 ten miles south-west of Augusta, on Spirit creek. 
One of these was in Jefferson county, but removed. 

1 on the Ogechee, nine miles above the shoals, in War- 
ren. This is owned by Mr. Shivers. 

1 in Newton county, three miles south-west of Coving- 
ton, on Yellow river. 

1 in Upson has but 500 spindles, the other 1,000. The 
others are all probably larger. That near Eatonton con- 
sumes about 600 bags of cotton annually ; about half the 
products is sold in yarn, and half in cloth. Much of the 
cloth is heavy, say two yards to the pound. The num- 
ber of spindles is 1,920, besides a mule and a machine to 
card wool. A good deal of winter cloth, with cotton 
warp and woollen woof, is made, and sells rapidly. Price 
of the woollen is about 45 cents; of the coarse cotton, 17 
to 18. 

Manufactures. — Leather, shoes, hats, carriages, saddles, 
cabinet work, cotton and woollen cloths, &c., are manu- 
factured throughout the State. But little is manufac- 
tured in the southern section, even for the blacks ; but 
homespun in the upper sections is worn by the most 
wealthy and respectable inhabitants. Much, however, is 
imported for every part of the State. 

The Governor's Secretary writes, (1859,) that the num- 
ber of factories is estimated at about 60. After examina- 
tion from books and papers, only about 43 could be found. 
Estimated in 1855 at 43 : Chattagoo, 1 ; Clarke, 3, and a 



174 COTTON FACTORIES. 

paper-mill ; Cobb and Milton, 2, and a paper-mill ; Butts 
1 ; Baldvv^in, 1 ; Bibb, 1 ; Campbell, 1 ; Hancock, 1 
Houston, 1 ; Greene, 2 ; Merriwether, 1 ; Morgan, 1 
Muscogee, 4, and a paper-mill ; Newton, 3 ; Upson, 4 
Putnam, 1 ; Eichmond, 4 ; Troup, 1. Woollen facto 
ries in Jones, Jackson, and other counties ; some cotton 
factories not reported. 

Goal Mmes. — Col. M. A. Cooper's and Rev. Zach. Gor- 
don's are in the north part of Dade ; this coal is bitumi- 
nous, not anthracite ; but excellent for fires and for work- 
ing railroad iron. Col. Cooper has constructed a railroad 
5 miles long from the State road to his iron-works. 

The Slate Quarry in Polk county is a most valuable 
acquisition. It is situated about 20 miles south-west of 
Cartersville, which is on our State railroad, and the slate 
can be laid down at your door on the railroads at from 
$10 to $12 per square of 100 feet. No public building 
that contains valuable property, or records, should be 
covered with shingles. The proprietors pledge them- 
selves to furnish it as cheap as a tin roof Address J. F. 
Dever, Yanwert. S. Jones also has a quarry near. 

Marble Quarries are found in Pickens and several other 
counties. Statuary marble^ said to be as good and polish 
as beautifully as any in Italy, is found in Pickens, near 
Harnageville, south-east part. Rock mountain affords 
much marble ; Richmond produces large quantities. 

Iron-Works. — Etow^ah and Altoona Iron works are 
in Cass. In Murray and other counties iron is wrought. 
The number of tons could not be ascertained; many 
thousands. 

There were forges to melt ore and make iron years 
gone by at the fork of Briar creek, in Warren, in Jackson, 
and other places ; but the matter declined entirely till since 
1830. Near Clarksville is a forge, where thousands of 
tons are prepared every year. The Cherokee country 
is said to abound in iron ore ; copper in Cass and others. 

The Atlanta Rolling Mill. — Messrs. Blake, Scofield & 
Markham are the proprietors and operators of the Atlanta 
(Ga.) Rolling Mill. A correspondent of the Albany (Ga.) 



REVOLUTIONARY FACTS. 175 

Patriot furnislies the following relative to their enter- 
prise : • 

Their business is the re-rolling of wornout railroad 
iron. Capital invested, $125,000. They employ 130 
hands, and work night and day. They burn 32 tons of 
coal per day, costing $5 per ton. They roll 30 tons of 
iron per day, which pays $30 per ton. They pay Mark 
A. Cooper for new iron for working with old rails, about 
$2,500 per month. They pay hands every two weeks 
from $1,800 to $2,500. The power used is two engines, 
one of 100 horse-power, and the other of 24 horse-power. 

Copper Mines are found in Fannin, Cherokee, and other 
counties. In Cherokee they are wrought and well reward 
the proprietors. 

Gold was first discovered in Habersham about 1828. 
The work was prosecuted, and, by the summer of 18S0, 
$230,000 worth was obtained in Habersham, Hall, and 
Cherokee counties. Parts of the Cherokee country were 
divided into 40-acre lots ; the balance into squares of 
202 1- acres. The counties where the principal part of 
the gold has been found, are Lumpkin and Carroll, though 
in those contiguous, considerable quantities have been 
dug. One 40-acre lot in Lumpkin was sold by the for- 
tunate drawer for $30,000 ! 

The value of the gold dug in the State, and carried to 
the mint in Philadelphia, up to 1832, was $528,000; 
amount dug in the last twenty years estimated at 
$8,000,000. 

See Mineral Resources, 

Revolutionary Facts. 

1773. — Doctor Franklin was appointed agent to rep- 
resent the wants and wishes of the Colony, in Great 
Britain. 

1774, January. — Sherrill's Fort was attacked by a 
party of Creeks. 

July 14. — A publication, requesting the people to as- 
semble in Savannah, appears in the Georgia Gazette: 



176 REVOLUTIONARY FACTS. 

the object was, to enter into such resolutions as other 
Provinces had in regard to the hostile attitude of -Great 
Britain. 

August 10. — The people met the third time, and ap- 
pointed a committee to receive subscriptions for the suf- 
fering citizens of Boston. 

1775, January 18. — Deputies met in Savannah, on 
the subject of grievances from the crown, but accom- 
plished nothing. 

March 21. — Dr. Lyman Hall was elected to Congress 
by the inhabitants chiefly of Liberty county. 

July 15. — Delegates met at Savannah, and chose six 
members to Congress. 

November 25. — Snow fell 18 inches deep. 

1776. — Col. John Baker marches to St. Mary's, in 
order to dislodge a band of loyalists, but, by the treachery 
ol two men, who stole most of the horses in the night, 
the expedition was unsuccessful. 

Col. Jack destroys the crops and houses of the Chero- 
kecs, on Tugalo and Chattahoochee rivers : they had 
previously murdered many families. Capt. Clarke, in 
escorting provisions for Jack's army, is attacked by a 
body of Indians, but, after an hour's contest, they were 
compelled to retreat. 

1777, February 17.— Fort Mcintosh, on the St. Ilia, 
was attacked by Cols. Brown, Cunningham, and McGirth, 
and was nobly defended by Capt. Bichard Winn. He 
afterwards surrendered, and being left exposed, as he 
feared, to the Indians, he aroused his men in the night 
and reached Fort Howe. 

In this month the Constitution of the State is formed, 
by a Convention at Savannah. 

Mr. Bullock dies, and Mr. Gwinnette is elected Gov- 
ernor. Disputes between the Governor and Gen. Lachlan 
Mcintosh. 

Cols. Baker and Elbert meditate an expedition against 
St. Augustine, and pass beyond the St. Mary's. Com- 
pelled to retreat without effecting their purpose. 

July. — Indian's kill Delk's family near Ogechee river. 



REVOLUTIOKARY FACTS. 177 

1778. — Unsuccessful attack upon the enemy near Alli- 
gator creek. 

November. — Battle at Midway, and Gen. Scriven kill- 
ed. Col. White pursued by the British ; at the Midway 
Meeting-house wrote a letter, which fell into the hands 
of the British commander, and so alarmed him that they 
dared not pursue the Americans much further, though 
they were double in number. 

November 25. — Col. John Mcintosh is requested to 
surrender the fort at Sunbury, but he answered Col. 
Fuser, "Come and take it ;"but this he did not attempt, 
but retreated towards Florida. 

December. — British ships appear off Tybee. John 
Milton, Secretary of State, is ordered to remove the public 
records : they are taken in boats to Purysburgh. It was 
supposed the British had abandoned their intention of 
attacking Savannah, and the records were ordered to be 
returned ; but Milton disobeyed the order, and soon the 
fleet is seen off our coast — Savannah is taken. 

1779, January. — Sunbury is taken by Provost. 
February. — Battle at Burke Jail. Brown commanded 

the British, and was twice defeated by Twiggs and Few. 
Augusta falls into the hands of the British. 

Battle at Kettle creek. 

March. — General Ash defeated on Briar creek. 

June. — Col. Twiggs defeats Mullen on Ogechee, and 
McGirth on Buckhead creek, in Burke. 

October. — The Americans, assisted by a French fleet, 
attack Savannah, but are repulsed with great loss. Pu- 
laski and Jasper are killed. 

1780, September. — First siege of Augusta, under Col. 
Clarke ; it proved unsuccessful. 

1781, May. — Stores, ammunition, &c., taken from the 
British, by Capt. Kudolph, at Fort Galphin, several 
miles below Augusta. 

June 5. — Augusta surrendered to Capt. Kudolph. 



8# 



178 EECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. 



Receipts and Disbursements at the Treasury. 

Of the receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year 
1859, there was received : 

On account of the General Tax, 1858 $379,614 84 

Net earnings of the W. & A. Railroad. . . 420,000 00 

Tax on Bank Stock 33,417 52 

Dividends on Bank Stocks 25,005 00 

Tax on Railroads 8,026 56 

Tax on Lotteries 2,000 00 

Receipts from U. S. Military Claims 5,323 09 

General Tax, 1859 1,500 00 

From miscellaneous items 6,883 93 

Sale of Bonds to the Atlantic and Gulf Rail- 
road 151,108 33 

Total Receipts $1,032,879 27 

Add to this balance the available funds in 

the Treasury, 21st October, 1858 130,354 65 

And we have a total fund of $1,163,233 92 

It will be seen that the increased receipts of the 
Western and Atlantic Railroad, this year over last, are 
$220,000. 

Of the disbursements of the Treasury during the same 
time, there has been paid : 
On account of Civil Establishment, 1858. . $15,507 13 

Contingent fund, 1858 5,818 30 

Printing fund, 1858 1,867 02 

Poor School fund, 1858 .... 29,569 00 
Civil Establishment, 1859.. 48,841 32 

Contingent fund, 1859 . 9,045 92 

Printing fund, 1859 17,203 00 

Over-payments, 1859 8,145 24 

For pay of members and officers of Legis- 
lature, 95,529 40 

For redemption of the Public Debt not due, 99,250 00 
do do do due, 50,565 00 



RECEIPTS AND DISBU-RSEMENTS. 179 

For interest on do do 138,677 48 

*' subscription to Atlantic & Gulf Rail'd 150,000 00 

•' Lunatic Asylum— for buildings 14,500 00 

" do do — pay of Com'rs of build- 
ings 5,oeo 00 

" do support of pauper patients 9,577 83 
" do salary of superintendent. . 1,800 00 
" do do officers and ser- 
vants 10,000 00 

" Deaf and Dumb Asylum — for support 

of pupils 9,000 00 

" Academy for the Blind— for buildings 30,000 00 

" do do support of pupils 5,000 00 

" Penitentiary— for buildings 15,000 00 

" Georgia Military Institute, support of 

cadets " 2,000 00 

" Taking State census, 1859 22,835 87 

" For purchase from the Penitentiary of 

good Bonds of Rail'ds of other States 36,750 91 
" Penitentiary — for purchase of provi- 
sions 2,500 00 

" other miscellaneous appropriations, 45,482 50 

Total $874,465 92 



180 THE PUBLIC DEBT — IN BONDS. 



The Public Debt— in Bonds. 

Since the payment of the bonds due this year, and the 
redemption, by order of your Excellency, of $99,250 of 

seven and six per cent, bonds, due in the years 1860, 
1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1868, 1869, 18Y0, 1871, 
1872 and 1873, the public debt in bonds of the State is as 
follows : 

Due in 1860, 7 per cent. Central R. bonds $ 7,000 00 

" 1861, " do do do 12,000 00 

" 1862, " do do do 52,000 00 

" 1862," do 100,000 00 

'' 6 do 20,000 00 

" 1863, " do 55,000 00 

" 1863, " do., now rdeemable 62,500 00 

" 1865," do 25,000 00 

" 1868," do., now redeemable... 205,000 00 

" 1869," do 272,500 00 

" 5 do 72,000 00 

" 1870,6 do 150,250 00 

" 1871, " do 161,500 00 

" 1872," do 625,500 00 

" 7 do., redeemable in 1862, 100,000 00 

" 1873, 6 do 173,000 00 

" 1874," do 80,000 00 

" 7 do 181,500 00 

" 1878, 7 do 100,000 00 

" 1879," do 150,000 00 



$2,604,750 00 

Amount subscribed, but not issued 250,000 00 

" pledged conditionally 500,000 00 

Total $3,354,750 00 



PRESIDENTS. 



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182 NATURAL HISTORY. 

Natural History. 

Zoology. — The Alligator^ a loathsome amphibious ani- 
mal, and the ugliest creature that crawls or walks on this 
earth, infests the rivers of Greorgia. It has been found in 
the neighborhood of Milledgeville, and even in Murder 
creek ; but does not frequent the upper parts of the State. 
In 1800, Mr. Ellicott opened several of them, and found 
in their stomachs wood, charcoal, and various indigestible 
substances. It is supposed they swallow these substances 
in order to prevent the parts of the stomach from collaps- 
ing during the dormant state, when they take no suste- 
nance. 

The largest alligators are 16 feet long. Before stormy 
weather, they make a singular roar or bellow. 

When killed, the body emits an intolerable smell of 
musk,. and it is asserted that its head contains a quantity 
of that drug. They will chase children, and a negro girl 
was so much injured by one, that it became necessary to 
amputate her arm. It is difficult for them to overtake 
that which they would devour, because they cannot make 
a quick lateral movement, or change their direction. They 
are destructive to calves and pigs, and their skins are good 
for tanning. It is said a rifle ball will glance from their 
bodies, unless it goes in a particular direction. 

The Opossum is a singular animal, about the size of the 
woodchuck of the northern States, and of a light greyish 
color. It climbs trees, and is very fond of poultry. It 
has ten or twelve young at a time, and, when attacked, 
these hide themselves in a kind of pouch which nature has 
provided under the abdomen of the dam. It is a most de- 
ceitful little rogue, and as soon as caught by the dog, pre- 
tends to be dead. This circumstance has given rise to an 
expression in the country, in regard to any individual who 
feigns himself sick, or what he is not really, ''''He is play- 
ing 'possum with you^ 

The Gopher is a species of the land-turtle, burrowing in 
the ground in the low country. It is able to walk with a 
heavy man on its back. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 183 

The Coach-whip Snake is a curiosity. The head and a 
part of the body are black, and the tail brown, resembling 
very much a carriage- whip. 

The Glass Snake is from one to two feet long, and of a 
grassy green. At some seasons of the year, take it up, and, 
falling, it breaks into many pieces ; and it is said that, 
after you leave the snake, the parts find each other, co- 
alesce, and the reptile crawls off! 

Ornithology. — The Mocking-bird^ (Turdus Polyglottas) 
peculiar to the southern States, may be properly denomi- 
nated the nightingale of America. The color of the bird is 
a pale blue, with white stripes on its wings, and its size and 
form do not differ much from those of the Blue Jay^ as it is 
called ill New York. He has a variety of notes, and 
though he sings no regular and continued strains, he makes 
a great deal of music. If he could modulate his voice a 
little better, he would be the most melodious songster in 
the world. When the moon shines brightly, he frequently 
sings the whole "live-long night." 

The Bed bird is one of the most beautiful of his species. 
The male is of a deep scarlet color, with a tuft upon his 
head, and about as large as the robin. He whistles as 
plainly as the mocking-bird or parrot, chatters a great 
deal, and has occasionally one very sweet note. The fe- 
male is rather a brownish red, and though not destitute 
of voice, seems to think that whistling is not becoming 
her sex. 



Character, manners^ customs^ and amusements. — The 
people are generally polite and affable in their manners, 
and hospitable even to a fault. The distinction into classes 
of society^ which obtains in the northern States, is unknown 
in Georgia ; a man in homespun is as good as one in silk 
or broad-cloth. There is a bold independence of charac- 
ter among the poorer classes truly republican and praise- 
worthy. This trait no doubt derives its perpetuity from 
the fact that every man is a land-holder, and has the 
means of living in his own hands : he is not compelled to 
submit to the dictum of a lord of the soil for permission to 
work his lands. 



184 ANTIQUITIES. 

Drinking, and cursing, and Sabbath-breaking are bad 
habits among us ; but the former, within ten years past, 
has greatly abated. 

Dancing, chicken-fighting, and horse-racing used to be 
favorite amusements. The first two are out of fashion 
very much now ; the latter seems to be growing again 
into greater use. A vivid picture of our former manners 
and customs may be seen in a work, published in Augus- 
ta, some years ago, entitled " Georgia Scenes and Inci- 
dents," and ascribed to the pen of Judge Longstreet. 

Divisions. — The State is now divided into 132 coun- 
ties. These counties are also subdivided into militia dis- 
tricts, being from 8 to 12 or more in each county. In 
each of these districts is a captain and a company of 
militia. 

Antiquities. 

That Georgia was settled in many parts by a race of 
civilized people, long before the existence of General 
Oglethorpe, admits of not the shadow of a doubt. In 
Greene, Hancock, Bibb, Coweta, Habersham, Dekalb, 
and other counties, are the remains efforts and tumuli, 
which existed so long ago, that the present tribes of In- 
dians are unable to give any account of their origin, 
even through the uncertain medium of tradition. 

An intrenchment in. Coweta, covers, in a circular form, 
seven or eight acres, surrounded by a ditch. The 
site is well suited for the defence of those within, being 
on a neck of land, betwixt two creeks, safely pro- 
tected. 

On Shoulderbone creek, in Hancock, on Mr. Shivers' 
plantatioTi, are three mounds, the largest of which covers 
an acre and a half, and is fifty feet high. This is sur- 
rounded by a regularly -constructed intrenchment, pro- 
jected and executed upon the best rules of fortification. The 
ditch, which is in the form of a parallelogram, is not yet 
filled up, and, before the land was cleared, was three 
feet deep. Ten years ago several persons were deter- 



ANTIQUITIES. 185 

mined to see what was contained in the mound ; but 
their patience was exhausted by a few days' labor. Ten 
feet from the top, they passed through a smooth dirt 
floor, which was evidently that of a large tenement, 
since caved in. There is another mound about two 
hundred yards distant, and seems to have been for the 
purpose of protecting the spring. 

The large one, when covered with grass or oats, has 
an enchanting appearance. In the extensive low 
grounds of the creek, it seems like a verdant island ris- 
ing from the bosom of the ocean. 

In the vicinity of Macon are several, the largest of 
which is about half a rnile below the bridge, on the 
east side of the river, and is in the shape of a cone flat- 
tened at the top. This rests on more than an acre of 
ground. 

In Greene, near the mouth of Harris's creek, 10 miles 
above Greenesboro', on the east side of. the Oconee, are 
several mounds and forts. Near a fort an iron claw 
hammer was found in 1787, just after the country was 
settled, and well burnt brick were plowed up ! On the 
forts were trees at least 200 years old. 

A cedar post, of octagon form, was standing in a small 
fort at the Cherokee Corner, with a cross cut on it, long 
before the land was ceded by the Indians. 

Hammers, swords, gun-locks, etc., have been found 
in various sections of the State, in the first settling of 
them. 

Curious Discovery. — In 1831:, a subterranean Indian 
village was discovered in Nacoochee valley, in Georgia, 
by gold miners, while excavating a canal for the purpose 
of washing gold. The depth to which it is covered 
varies from seven to nine feet ; some of the houses are 
imbedded in a stratum of rich auriferous gravel. They 
are thirty-four in number, built of logs, from six to ten 
inches in diameter, and from ten to twelve feet in length. 
The wajls are from three to six feet in height, forming a 
continuous line of street of three hundred feet. The 
logs are hewed and notched as at the present day. The 



186 ANTIQUITIES. 

land beneath which they are found, was covered, at the 
first settlement bj the whites, with a heavy growth of 
timber, denoting the great antiquity of those buildings, 
and a powerful cause which submerged them. Cane 
baskets and fraorments of earthenware were found in 
the rooms ; the houses are situated from fifty to one 
hundred yards from the principal channel of the creek. 
A great number of curious specimens of workmanship 
have been found in situations which preclude the possi- 
bility of their having been moved for more than a thou- 
sand years ; among these, half a crucible, of the capac- 
ity of nearly a gallon, ten feet below the surface, and 
immediately beneath a large oak tree, which measured 
five feet in diameter, and must have been four or five 
hundred years old. The soil is diluvial, or what may be 
termed table-land. The stratum of quartz gravel, in 
which the vessel was imbedded, is about two feet in 
thickness, resting on decomposed chloride slate. It is 
not difficult to account for the deposit of those sub- 
stances in an alluvial soil; for the hills are generally 
very high and precipitous, and from the immense quan- 
tity of rain which falls, the streams are swollen to a 
great height, sweeping everything with them, and fre- 
quently forming a deposit of several feet in thickness in 
a season. A vessel resembling a double mortar was 
found in Duke's creek, about six inches in diameter, and 
the excavation on each side nearly an inch in depth, 
basin like, and perfectly polished. It was made out of 
quartz, which had been semi-transparent, but had be- 
come stained with the iron, which abounds in quantity in 
all the country. In the bottom of each basin was a 
small depression, half an inch in depth, and about the 
same in diameter. What its use could have been is 
difficult to conjecture. The high finish, and its exact 
dimensions, induce the belief that it is the production 
of a more civilized people than the present race of 
Indians. 

But how shall we account for these wonders ? This, 
no doubt, is a difficult task, and one which the reader 



ANTIQUITIES. 187 

has no right to demand of the author; it is sufficient for 
the design of his book to state facts, and leave it to his 
wise readers to form their opinions in regard to them as 
they please. He will, however, leave a few suggestions 
on this subject. 

There are three kinds of mounds in our State, — the 
large ones described above, smaller ones, containing 
human bones and Indian implements of war, and regular 
fortifications. These last were, without doubt, con- 
structed by European adventurers, either before or after 
Columbus visited our shores. In his History of North 
Carolina, Williamson has in substance this passage : 
" Ferdinand de Soto landed in Florida in May, 1539, 
with 600 men and 200 horses. This adventurer had 
served with Pizarro in South America, and shared the 
spoils of Peru. He came in quest of gold, not with any 
design to plant a colony. He passed the second winter 
among the Chickasaws, who had the address to get some 
of his horses. He crossed the Mississippi, and died on 
Ked river," 

Tradition informs us that a number of persons from 
Wales passed a winter in Greorgia, and made potash. 

A learned savant of Copenhagen has given us assur- 
ance, lately, that he has in his possession manuscript de- 
scriptions of America, written by adventurers who had 
visited it in the latter part of the tenth century ! "It 
was in the year 985 that America was (irst discovered 
by Biaske Herjeufsen; but he did not land. In the year 
1000, or perhaps earlier, the coast was visited by Leif, a 
son of Erik the Red^ who first colonized Greenland.'' 
Now, if these documents be genuine, the conjectures of 
antiquaries about our mounds and fortifications will be 
over. The great difficulty has lain in assuming it as a 
fact, that Columbus first saw the new world. This is 
the logic employed : America was not discovered till 
1492 ; the Indians were then on the soil ; the mounds 
must have been constructed by a civilized people, at 
least 300 years ago ; but there were no civilized people 
living in America 300 years ago ; therefore, all is vague 



188 MINERAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA. 

conjecture. But if the learned Dane shall show that 
civilized people were here as earlj as the year 1000, 
then we can account for these artificial tumuli. 

Evidences that the Ocean once overflowed the South- 
eastern part of the State. — In the S. E. corner of Burke, 
is a spot called Shell Bluffs which is composed of 
oyster shells, 80 feet deep, on the bank of the Savannah. 
At Hartford are great quantities of sea-shells. Millstones 
are prepared in Burke, and the quarry from which they 
are dug is formed of sea-shells. These millstones are 
full of petrified oysters, conch-shells, etc. A rotten lime- 
stone, formed of vegetable productions and sea-shells, 
pervades all the lower counties in this State ;. and, as 
deep into the earth as man has yet penetrated, sea-shells 
are to be found. 



The Mineral Resoiirces of Georgia. 

The magnitude of the Mineral Eesources of Northern 
Georgia, is but little known to, and less appreciated by, 
the people of our State. No estimate is put on them, 
even by the people of Cherokee, within whose limits they 
are found in such rich abundance. Iron, Gold, Copper, 
Plumbago, chiefly, with traces of Lead, Silver, Cobalt, and 
Tin, and Marble and Slate, in great quantity; for the devel- 
opment of these, but little is done, except in Gold. Iron, 
Marble, and Slate. Products of these are being furnish- 
ed daily. The most important of these is Iron, because 
most useful. We propose to consider the resources of 
this metal in Northern Georgia, its products as manufac- 
tured, and the interest that Georgia, as a commonwealth, 
has in it. 

With no little opportunity to observe, we have ven- 
tured the assertion, that the resources of Northern and 
Western Georgia, in Iron Ore, are superior to any por- 
tion of the Union. That they are found better than any 
in the Middle or Eastern States, is beyond doubt. That 
they excel those of the Western States, not excepting 



MINERAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA. 189 

Missouri, witH lier far-famed Iron mountain, is maintained 
by competent Geologists who have examined both. 

This Iron district lies north-east and south-west, 
coming down from North and South Carolina, into Rabun 
and Habersham counties, through this part of Georgia, to 
Alabama, in Chattooga, Floyd, Paulding, and Polk coun- 
ties. It passes through the intermediate counties, com- 
prising a belt of fifty or seventy-five miles — the best sup- 
ply and most convenient locality for it, being Cass coun- 
ty. This county alone, it is believed, has concentrated in 
its limits as much Iron Ore as all Pennsylvania to- 
gether, and is of superior quality. Here are found the 
chief operations in Iron of the State of Georgia. This 
Iron and Gold region of Georgia, (they lie contiguous,) is 
traversed by the Stow 'ah river, from its source to its junc- 
tion with the Oostenala at Rome. 

That part which lies in Cass county has been par- 
tially explored by the Geologists, who are familiar with 
all the remarkable localities in the Union. To enable 
the people of Cass county, and of Cherokee, as well as 
the Statesmen of Georgia, to estimate the worth of its sec- 
tion, we cannot do better than to give the published 
opinion of such men, taken from a book of highest au- 
thority, recently published. " The Iron-Master's Guide," 
speaking of the Ore of Cass county, says : 

'' Of the wonderful profusion of these Ores, and of theirt 
richness, I can, unhesitating!}^, speak in the highes 
terms ; and the best varieties and largest quantities I saw, 
were among these, within two or three miles of the 
Etow'ah river, where it is crossed by the railroad. I have 
visited almost all the great Iron Ore deposits of 
the United States ; I have explored the beds of the Iron 
mountain of Missouri, but have never been so impressed 
by any exhibition of Ore, as by the Mines of the Etow'ah 
district. They pass along within from one to five 
miles of the great Limestone formation of Cass county, 
so that this essential material for flux, in the making of 
Iron, will everywhere be conveniently supplied. They 
are near a rich Agricultural district, where provisions 



190 MINEKAL RESOURCES OF GEORGIA. 

can be afforded at the cheapest rates ; and yet they ex- 
tend into the heart of the Allatoonachain of hills, where 
the air, in the heat of summer, is most salubrious, and 
the climate, like that of the table-lands of Mexico, perfectly- 
healthy. Where the Etow'ah river has broken through 
these hills, the high ledges of rock still resist its progress, 
and a succession of falls over them furnishes abundant 
water-power for the most extensive works. 

"A large portion of this region is covered with a heavy 
growth of good, hard-wood timber — the original unbrok- 
en forest. The best of Charcoal was offered at the Fur- 
nace in 1842 for 3| cents per bushel." 

Such is the recorded opinion of competent men, who 
have examined our county. Wood is still abundant, 
and Charcoal at 4 cents per bushel. Stone Coal and 
Coke can be had in full supply, at three and a half dol- 
lars per ton. The Iron Ore here, as developed to date, is 
more wonderful. It leduces remarkably easily, requiring 
only 150 to 166 bushels of charcoal to a ton of pig metal. 
It makes Bar Iron, in quality, like that of Salisbury and 
Peru, yielding sixty per cent, of Iron from the Ore. It 
makes a superior quality of Steel. For this purpose, a 
ton of Etow'ah pig metal has been fully tested in England, 
and files and cutlery of the best quality were made, and 
sent to us as samples, with a report in full from the. Eng- 
lish manufactory, classing our Iron and Steel made from 
it, amongst the first. 

We will next consider the progress in manufactures of 
Iron in the Etow'ah district. 

In speaking of the ojiinions of competent Geologists, as 
recorded in the book referred to, touching the compara- 
tive values of the Iron Ores of Georgia, we ought not to 
pass by what is said concerning the Iron Ores in Chero- 
kee and Gilmer counties. 

Of these he says : " Beyond the Furnaces " ( Lewis & 
Ford's Furnaces) " to the norlh-east, the Ore is found in 
even greater quantities than before noticed. Upon a 
high knob, eight miles from the river (Etow'ah,) is a 
greater show of it than I have seen at the famous Iron 



MINEKAL RESOUECES OF GEOIiGIA\ 191 

mountain of Missouri." Of the vicinity of Sharp moun- 
tain, he says : " The quantity here, too, upon Sharp 
mountain, within six miles of the river, is enormous." 

Passing through Lumpkin county, he might have said 
the same of the hills and mountains there. 

Who, in Europe or America, that considers these sub- 
jects, has not heard of the "Pilot Knob," and "Iron moun- 
tain " of Missouri, so famous for Iron Ore ? And we 
have greater than those in Cass county — greater in Chero- 
kee, Gilmer, and Lumpkin counties — and yet it creates no 
sensation in Cherokee, Georgia — is not known, or 
cared for by our Legislators and Statesmen at Milledge- 
ville. They are not prompted to appoint a competent 
man to examine and report the facts ! 

Hundreds of thousands of dollars are invested in Fur- 
naces in different States, relying on those localities in 
Missouri to keep them going. Millions of tons of the 
raw Ore of Missouri are transported to Ohio, and even 
to Pennsylvania, and sold to make Iron for the use of 
Cotton-planters in Georgia! We are greater in these re- 
sources than Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania all put 
together, and our own Statesmen over-look it, and the 
course of legislation is such as to drive capital and labor 
from this region, and keep more of this wealth than Mis- 
souri has, buried in the hills of Georgia ! 

The progress which individuals have made in the de- 
velopment of this hidden wealth, is slow and limited. A 
few, however, unsparing of their means, their time, and 
their efforts, have done enou'/h in " 'prospecting^'' as Min- 
ers term it, to expose the Mines, and lead the Common- 
w^ealth of Georgia to a knowledge of where the treasure 
lies. Just enough to show what could be done, if aided 
by that countenance which the State, having so large and 
deep an interest, could and ought to afford. 

The main progress has been made wdthin fifteen years 
past. Prior to that, one or two small Blast Furnaces, 
and these of recent origin, with as many Piimitive For- 
ges, now abandoned, was the limit of Iron operations in 
Georgia. During the past fifteen years, there have been 



192 POPULATION. 

erected six Charcoal Furnaces, making now seven in all. 
These are all located in Cass county, to wit : Lewis' Fur- 
nace; the Fire-Eater, or Ford's Furnace ; Pool's Furnace ; 
Milner's Furnace ; Allatoona Furnace, and the Etow'ah 
Furnace, and Kiver Furnace, owned by the Etow'ah 
Manufacturing and Mining Company. All are blown 
by water-power, and use Charcoal as fuel. The five first 
produce annually an aggregate of about twenty-five hun- 
dred tons of Pig metal. The two last are making at the 
rate of about 3,000 tons per annum. The Pig metal here 
sells at about $25 per ton. All of these Furnaces produce 
more or less Castings. There is, however, but one Foun- 
dary with a Cupola. This is at Etow'ah Furnace, habitu- 
ally producing cast machinery and hollow ware. 

There is at Eto\\r'ah, a Polling mill for Merchant Iron 
of all kinds, now turning out about ten tons of Iron per 
day. Also a Kail Factory, with ten machines for cutting 
nails ; a machine for Eailroad Spikes, machine shops, &c., 
for fitting up — all propelled by water-power. A Rail- 
road has been built, and is now in operation, from the 
Western & Atlantic Eailroad along the bank of Etow^ah 
river, four miles, to the Rolling-mill at Etow'ah, passing 
immediately by the River Furnace. These Furnaces and 
other operations in Iron, give employment to five or six 
hundred operators and laborers, and afford support to a 
population of about 2,000 people, of all ages and sexes. 
Of these, about one hundred are blacks. 



Population. 

In 1790, 82,000 inhabitants; 1800, 162,000; 1810, 
252,432; 1820,340,989; 1824, 400,930; 1830, 616,823; 
1840, 691,392 ; 1850, 905,999. Census for 1859, from 130 
counties, 1,014,418 ; and when that of the other two 
counties is reported, it will be about 1,024,000. 

Yalue of lands, $149,5478,80, equal in average value 
to $4,43 per acre. 

Yalue of 443,364 slaves, $271,620,405. 

The am.ount of exports of the State in 1853, was $371,- 



i 



GOVERNMENT — 1859. * 193 

883— imports, $508,261 ; received at her ports, 394,490 
bags cotton, and 39,929 tierces of rice. Since, however, 
it is stated that 600,000 bags cotton have been exported 
in one year. These, at 500 pounds to the bag, would 
make 300,000,000 pounds. But then, much rice is con- 
sumed in the State; so also in the 50 factories, many- 
thousand bags of cotton are manufactured. Georgia ex- 
ports, also, lumber, and naval stores. Steamers ply regu- 
larly twice a week — Thursdays, and Saturdays — between 
Savannah ar^d New York ; also between Savannah and 
Philadelphia, to Charleston, Augusta, Brunswick, Jack- 
sonville, Ala., and other points. 

In 1850, 7,209,292 yards of cloth, and 4,198,351 
pounds of yarn were manufactured, employing 873 males, 
and 1399 females, chiefly white laborers. 

Gold, iron, copper, slate, marble, and coal, are sources 
of wealth. (See Col. Cooper's letters, p. 188.) 

Capital in manufacturing, about $7,500,000. Banks 
28, capital about $12,500,000. Lunatic Asylum, near 
Milledgeville ; do. for the blind, in Macon ; do. for the 
deaf and dumb, near Cave Spring ; Mint at Dahlonega, 
J. M. Patton, Supt. and Treas. 

Religious Denominations. 

As reported by U. S. census, 1850. Baptists, churches 
879; Methodists, 809; Presbyterians, 97; Episcopal, 
20; Catholic, 8; Union, 16; Universalists, 3; minor 
sects, 7 ; Christians, 5 ; Friends, 2 ; Moravian, 1 ; Con- 
gregationalist, 1. 

Most have greatly increased since 1850. The Baptists, 
in 1859, report 64 Associations ; 1317 churches ; 90,000 
members; Ministers, 980; baptised, -the previous year, 

Grovernment.— 1 859. 

Jos. E. Brow?^^ Governor, term ends Nov., 1861 ; E. 
P. Watkins, Sec'y of State ; J. B. Trippe, Treasurer ; 
P. Thweat, Comptroller Gen'l ; A. J. BoGGS, Surveyor 



194 SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. 

Gen'l ; T. L. Guerry, President of the Senate ; J. T. Ir- 
VIN, Speaker of the House. 

Judges, — Thos. W. Thomas, Sparta ; Wm. B. Flem- 
ing, Savannah; A. H. Hansell, Thomasville; N. L. 
HuTCHiNS, Lawrenceville ; W. W. Holt, Augusta ; I. 
L. Harris, Milledgeville ; E. G. Cabaness, Forsyth ; 
E. H. Warrell, Talbotton ; L. W. Crook, Dal ton ; O. 
A. Bull, Lagrange ; A. A. Allen, Bainbridge ; H. G. 
Lamar, Macon ; Geo. D. Eice, Marietta ; A. E. Cock- 
ran, Brunswick ; W. C. Perkins, Cuthbert; D. F. Ham- 
mond, Newnan. 

Soil and Prodiictions. 

I. It was not thought necessary to describe the soil 
and productions in each county, after the general state- 
ment in regard to the three divisions. The line of divi- 
sion should vary a little, from east to west, and bear 
south, so as to strike Columbus about 82J degrees, for 
the sandy soil runs further north, on the east side of 
the State. Persons desirous of purchasing, would of 
course examine for themselves. South-western Georgia, 
as much of it is fresh, now presents the best region for 
the planter to accumulate a fortune. 

II. The second, or middle section, from the 38rd, to 
the 34th deg. contains the red soil, and mulatto, or choco- 
late, generally very fertile ; though much of it is very 
much exhausted by cultivation. Sickly in all the sec- 
tions on the water-courses and rich bottoms, but by no 
means so sickly as it was 40 to 20 years ago. Few per- 
sons dared to venture on a trip from the middle sectioQ 
to Savannah, in the summer and fall ; a fever, fatal to 
life, was the consequence. Now, the whole State is trav- 
elled over without dread of sickness. 

III. In the third division, from the mouth of Broad 
river, through Clarke, Fulton, Paulding, and Polk, the 
grey, gravelly soil predominates, and when you reach 
the valleys of the Cherokee country, the land is very 
yich. This produces cotton, not however so kindly as 



INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. * 195 

the lower divisions. Wheat, apples, Irish potatoes, cab- 
bage, grow finely in all this region. Much wheat is ship- 
ped in the month of June, from the middle region, every 
year. In the Northern part of this division are beauti- 
ful water-falls and cascades, high, abrupt mountains, 
and scenery as romantic and wild as ever the eye look- 
ed upon . Mineral springs are abundant in number, and 
the proprietors will beguile you with good fare, pleasant 
company, hunting, fishing, and bathing, to your heart's 
content. 

Industrial Pursuits. 

The mechanic arts have come into use very much, 
in the last twenty-five years ; there is scarcely a town in 
which these are not carried on. Augusta, Macon, Griffin, 
Atlanta, Columbus, and others, may be regarded as man- 
ufacturing towns ; almost any article needed is made in 
those places. The busy hum of industry is as palpable 
as in any part of the land. 

Another thing : it is the settled determination of many 
planters and merchants to have direct trade with Eu- 
rope — to send our produce there, in our own bottoms, 
and bring back the goods we do not see fit to manufac- 
ture. Non-Intercourse in regard to the North, in the 
minds of thousands, is now the settled policy. They do not 
intend to have any more intercourse and interchange of 
commodities with those that are attempting to steal away 
their rights and their property. 



INDEX. 

The United States Post Office list is very incorrect, 
owing to the fact that several new counties are not named. 



Ahbeville, p t and capital, 

Wilcox, 
Acquisition of Territories, 
Acworth, p o on R.R., N W. 

part Cobb 
Adairsville, p o in Cass 
Adams, p o E. part Wilcox 
Adamsville, Gordon Co 
Airline, p o in Hart 
Alapaha river, rises in Dooly 
Allandale, p o in Banks 
Allatoona, place in Cass 
Albany, cap. Dougherty 
Allen's, p Richmond 
Alma, p o Gilmer 
Alexander, p o in Burke 
Alleghany mountains, N. 

part State 
Alligator Creek, Montgom- 
ery 
Alpharetta, cap. Milton 
Altamaha, formed by Oconee 

and Ocmulgee 
Alpine, p o Chattooga 
Amandasville, p o S. Hart 
Americus, cap. Sumter 
Ami, p o Forsyth 



Anderson, p o W. White. 

field 
Andersonville, p o Sumter 
Antioch, p o in Troup, and 
villages in Berrien, Polk 
etc, 
Antiquities, po 
Anthony Shoals, p o Elbert 
Aonea, p o S. E. Wilkes 
Appling county, page 26 
Appling, cap. Columbia 
Appalachee river 
Arabia, p o Thomas 
Argo, p o in Hall 
Armuchee, p o Floyd 
Arrarat, village in Putnam 
Argyle Island, p o S W De- 
catur 
Arnette, village in Decatur 
Armicalola, p o Lumpkin 
Asbury, p o Troup 
Asbury Academy, Houston 
Atlanta, cap. Fulton 
Athens, town Clarke 
Auburn, p o Gwinuette 
Auburn Hill, p o Franklin 
Auraria, p o Lumpkin 



INDEX. 



197 



Augusta, cap. Richmond 

Ava, p o Berrien 

Avalona, p o Putnam 

Aquilla, p o Franklin 

do Falls, on line, between 
Dawson and Gilmer 

Bainbridge, cap. Decatur 
Baker county, page 25. 
Bald Hill, p o Chattahoochee 
Ball ground, p o Cherokee 
Baldwin county, page 26 
Bancroft, p Franklin 
Banks county, page 29. 
Bankston, Monroe 
Barker's Store, p o Floyd 
Bark Camp, C. & M. H. 

Burke 
Bairdstown, p o Oglethorpe 
Batesville, p o Habersham 
Bascobel, p o Jackson 
Barnesville, p village. Pike 
Barrcttsville, p o Decatur 
Battle ground, p o Johnson 
Bath, Summer retreat, Rich- 
mond 
Bengal, p o Bullock 
Beckom's x roads, p o Cal- 
houn 
Bibb county, page 30 
Bennettsville, p o Wayne 
Belair, p o Richmond 
Belview, p o Talbot 
Berrien county, page 30 
Benevolence, p o Randolph 
Berrien, village Heard ; do in 

Pickens 
Berzilia, p o Columbia 
Bethel, p o Glynn 
Birdsville, village Burke 
Beulah, ip o Hancock 
Bethlehem, p o Forsyth 



Bear Creek, p o Henry 
Beard's Ci-eek, p o Liberty 
Beersheba, p o do 

Belt on, p o Franklin 
Benevolence, p o Randolph 
Big Creek, p o Forsyth 
Bio, p o Hart 
Blakely, cap. Early 
Blairsville, cap. Union 
Blackshear, cap. Pierce 
Blackcreek, p o Scriven 
Blackspring, i> o Baldwin 
Bladen's Creek, p o Quit- 
man 
Bloomfield village, Worth 
Blowingcave, p Decatur 
Bookersville, p Wilkes 
Bonnydoon, p Jefferson 
Boltonville, p o Cobb 
Blue Ridge, p o Gilmer 
Blue Creek, p o White 
Boston, p Thomas 
Brunswick, cap. Glynn 
Brooks county, page 33 
Brooks, p o Worth 
Brooksville, p o Randolph 
Bowden, p o Carroll 
Bowenville, p o Wilcox 

do p o Carroll 
Bowersville, p o Hart 
Blountsville, p o Jones 
Berkshire, p o Gwinnette 
Brookline, p o Madison 
Bottsford, p o Sumter 
do M. H. Burke 
Brown's, p o Cobb 
Brasstown, p o Towns 
Brewton's Mills, Tattnall 
Boxville, p o Montgomery 
Box Spring, p o Talbot 
Bluff Spring, p o do 
Buena Vista, caj). Marion 



198 



INDEX. 



Buck Creek, p o Scriven 
Broad River, p o Elbert 
Buck Head, p o JVrtrgan 
Buford, p Pickens 
Busbyville, p o Houston 
Buffington Fort, p o Chero- 
kee 
Buffalo, p o Carroll 
Bunkerhill, p Pulaski 
Bushville, p o Banks 
Brick Store, p o Newton 
Bryan county, page 34 
Burke county, page 35 
Buchanan, cap. Haralson 
Bullock county 
Bull Creek, p o Tattnall 
Burrett, p o Ware 
Byron, p Dougherty 
Byromville, p o Dooly 
Buzzard's Roost Ferry, 

Houston 
Burnt Fort, Charlton 
Burnt Stand, do 

Butts county, page 36 
Butler, cap. Taylor 
Byrd's Mills, p o Coffee 

Calhoun county, p. 37 
Calhoun, cap. Gordon 
Cairo, p in Decatur 
Camac, p in Warren, on R. R. 
Camden county, p. 37 
Campbell county, p. 38 ; do. 

Campbellton, cap. 
Carroll county, p. 38 
Camilla, cap. Mitchell 
CarroUton, cap. Carroll co. 
Canton, cap. Cherokee 
Carnesville, cap. Franklin 
Cave Spring, vil. and school 

Floyd 
Cartersville, p t Cass 



Cartersbridge, on Alapaha, 

Lowndes 
Carticary, p o Gilmer 
Canoochee river 
Canoochee, p o Emanuel 
Cass county, p. 39 
Cassville, cap. Cass co. 
Catoosa county, p. 41 ; do. 

Spring 
Catoosa, p o Dawson 
Camp Pinckney, in Charlton 
Cedar town, cap. Polk 
Centre, p v Talbot 
Centreville, Wilkes 
Centre, v Charlton 
Chattoogaville, p o Chattoo- 
ga CO. 
Cidron, or Kidron, p o Cow- 
eta 
Cataula, p o Harris 
Charlton county, p. 41 
Chatham county, p. 42 
Choestoe, p o IJnion 
Chattahoochee county, p. 45 
Chestnutgap, p o Fannin 
Chattooga county, p. 45 
Cherokee county, p. 48 ; do. 

Cherokees 
Clay county, p. 50 
Claysville, p in Telfair 
Clayton county, p. 50 
Clay Hill, p o Lincoln 
Clayton, cap, Rabun 
Clinch county, p. 51 
Clarke county, p. 48 
Clarkeville, cap. Habersham 
Clinton, cap. Jones 
Clyattville, v. Lowndes 
Cobb county, p. .51 
Coffee county, p. 52 
Coweta county, p. 55 
Cold Water, p o Elbert 



INDEX. 



199. 



Cook's Law office, do. 
Cook's Store, p o Appling 
Colleges, Male and Female, 

p. 142 
Columbia comity, p. 53 
Chenubba, p o Terrell 
Chickasawhatchie p o 
Cohimbus, cap. Muscogee 
Coleraine, p in Charlton 
Colquitt county, p. 53 
Colquitt, cap. Miller 
Corinth, p v Heard 
Cork, p o Butts 
Crawford county, p. 55 
Crawfordville, cap. Taliaferro 
Covington, cap. Newton 
Coleparchee, p o Monroe 
Cohutta Springs, Murray 
Collingsworth Institute, Tal- 
bot^ 
Copeland, p o Telfair 
Courtesy, p in Floyd 
Craftsville, p v. N. E. Elbert 
Cusseta, cap. Chattahoochee 

CO 

Culverton, p v in Hancock 

Cuthbert, cap. Randolph 

Cumberland Island 

Cedar Branch, p o Campbell 

Chapel Hill, p o do. 

C base vi lie, p o Gordon 

Chanceville, p o Carroll 

Central Point, do. 

Concord, p Calhoun 

Cottage Mill, p o Chatta- 
hoochee 

Compton, p o Stewart 

Cobbville, p o Telfair 

Cane Creek and Cassandra 

Cedar Grove, Chestnut Flat, 
p o in Walker 

Cut-off, p o in "Walton 



Cool Spring, p b Wilkinson 
Crossville, p o Dawson 
Crosskeys, p o Dekalb 
Crosscreek, p o Pulaski 
Coal Mountain, p o Forsyth 
Clay Hill, p o Lincoln 
Clyatville, p o Lowndes 
Churchill, p o Marion 
Cherry Log, p o Gilmer 
Cotton Hill, p o Randolph 
Curtwright, p o and factory, 

Greene 
Chinkapin Grove, p o Gwin- 

nette 
Chestnut Mt., p o Hall 
Chestnut Gap, p o Fannin 
Coosawatta, p o Murray 
Clopton's Mills, p o Putnam 
Creek Stand, p o Macon 
Curry's Mills, p o Washington 

Dade county, p. 56 
Dahlonega, cap. Lumpkin 
Dallas, cap. Paulding 
Dalton, cap. Whitefield 
Damascus, p o Early 
Darien, cap. Mcintosh 
Danville, p o Sumter 
Danielsville, cap. Madison 
Danburg, p o Wilkes 
Dawson county, ]) 57 
Dawsonville, cap. D. co 
Dawson, cap. Terrell 
Dawson, p in Habersham 
Delay, p o Jackson 
Deerland, p o Worth 
Delhi, p o Wilkes 
Darkcorner, p o Campbell 
Darkcorner, place in Lincoln 
Davisboro', p v in Washing- 
ton 
Daviston, p v Taylor 



200 



INDEX. 



Davis Creek, Forsyth 
Decatur county, p. 58 
Dekalb county, p. 58 
Decatur, cap. Dekalb 
Dover, p Terrell 
Dooly county, p. 59 
Drayton, old, cap. Dooly 
Dougherty county, p. GO 
Douglas, cap. Coffee 
Dubhn, cap. Laurens 
Dirttown, p v Chattooga 
Duncansville, p o Thomas 
Draketown, p Paulding 
Double Cabins, p Spalding 
Double Branches, p o Lincoln 
Double Wells, p o on R R, 

Warren 
Double Bridges, p o Upson 
Duane St., p o in Banks, on 

the maps, though reported 

for Habersham, but it is in 

Banks 
Desoto, p o Paulding 
Dennis, p o Putnam 
Duck Creek, p o Walker 
Doctor Town, p o Wayne 
Dry Lake, p o Thomas 

Early county, p. 61 
Ebenezer, p o Morgan 
East Point, p on R R, Fulton 
Eaton ton, cap. Putnam 
Echols county, p. 61 ; Ebe- 
nezer village, Eff. co. 
Effingham county, p. 62 
East Wood, p o Thomas and 

Monroe 
Echoconnee, p o and creek, 

Bibb 
Eleanor, p o Bibb 
Elbert county, p. 63 ; Elber- 
ton, cap. E. 



Egypt, p o Effingham co. 
Eden, cap. Bryan co. 
Edenfield, p o Irwin 
Effingham county 
Edom, p o Gilmer 
Emanuel county, p 64 
EUaville, cap. Schley 
Elijay river, Gilmer 
Elijay, cap. Gilmer 
Ellerslie, p o Harris 
Erin, p o Merriwether 
Eolia, p o Towns 
Enon Grove, p Gilmer 
Erastus, p o Banks 
Etna, p o's in Haralson, Ma- 
con, and Paulding. 
Euharlee, cr. in Polk, and p o 

in Cass 
Eubanks, p o Columbia 
Eutaw, p in Randolph 
Everett's Spring, p o Floyd 
Etow'ah river, Etow'ah p o 
Eagle Grove, p o Hart 
Empire Mills, p o Campbell 

Paceville, p v Decatur 
Fairburne, p o in Caiiipbeli 
Fairplay, p o Morgan 
Fairview, p v in Franklin 
Fail- Mount, p o Gordon 
Fancy Hill, p o Murray 
Fannin County, p 64 
Fall Creek, p o Clay 
Farmers, p o Merriwethei- 
Farmersville, p o Chattooga 
Farmington, p o in Clarke 
Fayetteville, cap Fayette 
Fayette County, p 65 
Fenn's Bridge, p o Jefferson 
Falls, Armicalola, Tallulah, 

Toccoa 
Fennsboro', p. Worth 



INDEX. 



201 



Feronia, p o Coffee 
nilinore, p o Whiteficld 
Fishdam, p o Elbert 
riatcreek, p o Berrien 
Flat Shoals, p o Merriwether 
Flat Pond, p o Lee 
Flat Rock, p o Henry 
Flint River 

Flint Factory, p o Upson 
Flintsville, p o Franklin 
Flint Hill, p o Carroll 
Florence, p o Stewart 
Floyd County, p. 66 
Floyd Springs, p o 
Forsyth, cap. Monroe 
Forsyth Co., p. 67 
Foster's Mills, p o Cherokee 
Ford's Store, p o 
Fort Argyle, on Al tarn aha 
Fort Early, Dooly 
Fort Barrington, p o 
Fort Gaines, cap. Clay 
Fort Hawkins, in East Macon 
Fort Lamar, p o Madison 
Fort Valley, p o Houston 
Free Bridge, p o Gordon 
Fowl town, Decatur 
Fort Wilkinson, Baldwin 
Franklin College, Athens 
Franklin Co., p. 68 
Franklin, cap. Heard 
Franklin Springs, p o 
Francisvilie, p Crawford 
Fred erica, p o Glynn 
Frecniansville, p o Milton 
Friendship, p o in Terrell 
Fricksgap, p o Walker 
Friers Pond, p o Burke 
Fulton Co., p 69 
Fulton, p o Cobb 
Fragoletta, p o Schley 

9* 



Gaddistown, p o Union 
Glascock Co., p. 70 
Gainesville, cap. Hall 
Glynn Co., p. 70 
Gaines' Fort, cap. Clay 
Georgian, p o Franklin 
Geneva, p v Talbot 
Galphinton, old place Jeffer- 
son 
Gartrell, p o Campbell 
Gatesville, p Early 
Georgetown, cap. Quitman 
Glenalta, p o Marion 
Gibson, cap. Glascock 
Gilmer County, p. 70 
Gladesville, p o Jasper 
Glades XRoads, Putnam 
Gillionville, p v Dougherty 
Glasgow, p v Thomas 
Gin Town, p Worth 
Grantville p o Cowta 
Golgotha, p Cobb 
Goodwill, p o Franklin 
Gordon County, p. 71 
Gordon, v Wilkinson 
Goshen, p o Lincoln 
Greene County, 71 
Greensboro', cap. Greene 
Glilsville p o Banks 
Greeneville, cap. Merriwether 
Graysville, p o Catoosa 
Greenbush, p o Walker 
Grab-all, p Jones 
Greenhill, p Stewart 
Good hope, p o Walton 
Griffin, cap. Spalding 
Griffin's Mills, p o Berrien 
Griswold, p o Jones 
Grove Level, p o Banks 
Grooverville, p Brooks 
Gumpond, p o Mitchell 
Gwinnette County, p 74 



202 



INDEX. 



Gullettsville or Newmarket, 
p o Monroe 

Guy ton, p o Effingham 

Green's Cut, p o Burke 

Ghentsville, p o Henry 

Guys, p o Pierce 

Gordon's Springs, p o White- 
field 

Greenwood, p o Whitefield 

Greenfield, p o Colquitt 

Grove, p o Elbert 

Goodman's XRoads, Harris 

Habersham County, p. t5 
Hahira, p o Berrien * 
Hall County, p. 76 
Hall, p o Appling 
Hamburg, p v Macon 
Hall oca, p o Chattahoochee 
Hamilton, cap. Harris 
Hamet, p o Ciierokee 
Hamlet, p o Randolph 
Hannahatchie, p o Stewart 
Hancock Co., p. 76 
Haralson Co., p. 78 
Halcyondale, p o Scriven 
Haralson, p o Coweta 
Harnageville, p o Pickens 
Harris Co., p. 79 
Harrrisonville, p Troup 
Harmony, p o Elbert 
Hart Co., p. 79 
Heard Co., p. 80 
Hartwell, cap. Co. 
Hartford and Hawkinsville, 

cap. Pulaski 
Hearnsville, p o Putman 
Hayneville, p v Houston 
Hartford, p o Forsyth 
Hog Mountain, p o Hall 
'Hebron, p o Washington 
High Shoals, p o Morgan 



Hightower, p o Forsyth 
Henderson, p o Houston 
Head of Tennessee, p o Rabun 
Herndon, p o Burke 
Henry Co., p. 80 
Hillsboro', p o Jasper 
Hinesville, cap. Liberty 
Hickory Level, p o Carroll 
do Flat, p o Cherokee 
do Grove, p o Crawford 
Hiawassee, cap. Towns 
Hopewell, p o Crawford 
Hollingworth, p o Banks 
Hobbie, p o Dade 
Hogansville, p o Troup 
Homer, p t cap. Banks 
Holcomb, p o Burke 
Holmesville, cap. Appling 
Holmes, p o Early 
Homersville, p o Clinch 
Hopeful, p o Burke 
Houston Co., p. 81 
Houston Factory 
Hortonville, p Terrell 
Holly, p o Merriwether 
Holly Grove, p Terrell 
Huguenin, p Sumter 
Hothouse, p o Montgomery 
Huntsville, p o Macon 

Ida, p o Greene 

Indians, see Cherokee and 

Creek 
Irwin Co., p. 82 
Irwinton, cap. Wilkinson 
Irwinville, cap. Irwin 
Isabel, p o Ware 
Isabella, cap. Worth 
Initial Point, in Appling or 

Pierce 
Indian Springs, p v Butts 
Island Creek, p o Hancock 



V 



INDEX. 



203 



Ivy log, p o Union 

Irbyville, p o Fulton 

Irwin's X Roads, Washington 

Jackson County 
Jacksonville, cap. Telfair 
Jackson, cap. Butts 
Jasper Co., p. 83 

do cap. Pickens 
Jefferson Co., p. 84 
Jeffersonton, cap. Camden 
Jefferson, cap. Jackson 
Jefferson ville, p o in Twiggs 
Jamestown, p Chattahoochee 
Jerusalem, p Pickens 
Johnson County, p. 86 
Johnstonville, p o Monroe 
Jones County, p. 86 
Jones's Mill, p o Merriwether 
Jonesboro', cap Clayton 
Jonesville, p Mcintosh 
Joy's Mills, p o Burke 
Juno, p o Lumpkin 
Jubilee, p o Warren 

Kettle Creek, Wilkes 

do p o Ware 

Kennesaw Mountain, Cobb 
Kidron, p o Coweta 
Kingston, p o Cass 

do p Morgan 
Kiokee, p o Columbia 
Kinchefoonee Creek, trib. Flint 
Knoxville, cap. Crawford 
Lafayette, cap. Walker 
Lamar, p in Sumter 
Fort Lamar, p o Madison 
Lagrange, cap, Troup 
Lanahassee, p Stewart 
Lanier, cap. Macon 
Lawson, p o Pulaski do p 
Wilcox 



Laurens Co., p. 87 
Laurens Hill, p o Laurens 
Lawrenceville, cap. Gwinnette 
Leathersville and Lisbon, p o 

Lincoln 
Leathersford, p Lumpkin 
Lee county, Leo p o 
Leaksville, p o Jasper 
Lester dist., p o Burke 
Lexington, cap. Oglethorpe 
Little River, p o Cherokee 
Little Prairie, p o Cass 
Liberty county, Liberty Hill, 

p o Pike 
Lime Sink, p Laurens 
Lincoln county, do Lincolnton, 

cap 
Linton, village and school, 

Hancock 
Lithonia, p o Dekalb 
Lodi, p o Coweta 
Loudsville, p Lumpkin 
Longstreet, p o Pulaski 
Louisville, cap. Jefferson 
Lowndes eo., Locust Grove, 

p o Henry 
Lowell village, Clay 
Lombardy, p o Columbia 
Look-out Station, p o Dade 
Location, p o Coweta 
Long's Bridge, p o Hancock 
Lumpkin county, do cap. Stew- 
art 
Little York, p o Montgomery- 
Macon county, p. 30 ; do cap. 

Bibb CO. 
Madison co., do cap. Morgan 
Macedonia, p o Cherokee 
Magnolia, cap. Clinch 
Magdalene, p o Merriwether 
Mallorysville^ p o Wilkes 



204 



INDEX. 



Marshallviile, p o Macon 
Marthasviile, p do. 
Marion county, do cap. Twiggs 
May field, p o Warren 
Marble Works, p o Pickens 
Maysvilie, p o Jackson 
McElvinville, p o Mitchell 
Merriwether co., p, 95 
McDonald village. Ware 
McBean, cr and p o Richmond 
McDonough, cap. Henry 
Mechanicsville, p o Jasper 
Mcintosh county, do p o Lib- 
erty 
Midway, p o Baldwin 
Midway, M. H. Liberty 
Mellville, p o Chattooga 
Milledgeville, cap. Baldwin p, 

26 
Miller co,, Mickasukee Lake, 

Thon)as 
Millray, p o Bullock 
Millen, p o Burke 
Mil ford, p Baker 
Milton county, do p o Wil- 
kinson 
Mitchell c(»,, p. 97 
Middle River, p o Banks 
Minton, p Worth 
Millwood, p Dougherty 
Mineral Springs, p. 168 
Montezuma, p o iMacon 
Millhaven, p o Sonora 
Millgrove, Moon and Moun- 
tain, p o in Cobb 
Midville, p o Burke 
Mill Creek, p o Union 
Mill Stone, p o Oglethorpe 
Milltown, p o Berrien 
Mill Creek, p o Union 
McRae's Store, p o 
Morgan co., do cap. Calliuun 



Milner, p in Pike 
Monticello, cap. Jasper 
Millard, p o Stewart 
Minerva, p Houston 
Misletoe Bower, p o Carroll 
Monroe county, do cap. Walton 
Moultrie, cap. Colquitt 
Muckalee creek, trib. Flint 
Mulberry Grove, p o Harris 
Murray co., p. 100 
Muscogee co,, p. 101 
Mount Zion, p o Hancock 
Morven or Sharp's Store, p o 

Brooks 
Mountain Hill, p o Harris 
Mountain Town, Gilmer 
Mount Carmel, p o Henry 
Mount Yonah, cap. White 
Mount Vernon, cap. Mont- 
gomery 
Mountain ^'cene, p o Towns 
Mountville, p o Troup , 

Mountain House, p o Cass 
Mountain (Rock) Dekalb 

Naucoochee, p o and valley 

White 
New Echota, p o Gordon 
Nebraska, p Columbia 
Newnan, cap. Coweta 
Newsville, p o Plaralson 
Newton comity, p. 102 

do cap. Baker 
Newton Factory 
Newbridge, po on Chestatee, 

Lumpkin 
Newborn, p o Newton 
New Market, p o Monroe 
Nickojack cr. and cave, Dade 
Notchaway, creek and p o 

Terrell 
Nunnerlin, p Decatur 



INDEX. 



206 



Oak Lawn, p Dougherty 
Oak Eidge, p o Merriwether 
Oak Mountain, Talbot 
Ocean Pond, Lowndes 
Ocean Wave, p in Ware 
OsceoJa, p o Terrell 
Ocopilco, p o and creek 

Brooks 
Ocilla river, Thomas 
Ogechee 
Ochlochnee river, and p o 

Col qnitt 
Ocmulgee river 
Oconee river 
Odchodka, p o Quitman 
Ohoopie river 
Oglethorpe county, p. 103 
" town Macon 
" college Baldwin 
Olive Branch, p Merriwether 
Olive Grove, p Decatur 
Orel, p o Worth 
Oostenaula river 
Oxford Town, Newton 
Ophir, p o Cherokee 
Orange, p o do 

Pachitla, p o Calhoun 

Palmyra v Lee 

Pataula cr. in Clay, Falls and 
town 

Paulding county, p. 105 

Pickens county, p. 105 

Penfield, p o Greene 

Pennsboro', p Worth 

Perry, cap. Houston, Peters- 
burg, p o Elbert 

Perry's Mills, p o Tattnall 

Pierceville, p o Tannin 

Pierce county, p. 106 

Pike county, p. 106 

Phidelta, p o Banks 



Pine Hill 

Pine Mountains, Talbot 
Pinckneyville, p o Gwinnette 
Pineridge, p Early 
Pineville, p Marion 
Pinderton, p Worth 
Plains of Dura, p o Sumter 
Pleasant Retreat, Lumpkin 
Poindexter, p o Schley 
Piscola, p V Brooks and cr. 
Polk CO., Powder Springs, 

Cobb 
Poverty Hill, p o Jones 
Powelton, p V Hancock 
Pondtown, see cap. Schley co 
Prattsburg, p o Talbot 
Pom aria, p o Clay 
Providence, p Sumter 
Paloalto p o Jasper 
Pulaski county, p. 108 
Pondfork, p o Jackson 
Pulaski Monument in Savan- 
nah 
Philomath, p o Oglethorpe 
Pumpkintown, p Randolph 
Preston, cap. Webster 
Pumpkinvine, p o Paulding 
Punkinpile, p o Polk 
Putnam county, p. 108 

Quaker Springs, Columbia 
Quebec, p o Schley 
Quitman county, p. Ill 
Quitman, cap. Brooks 
Quito, p o Talbot 

Kabuii county, p. Ill 
Raccoon Mt., Dade Co 
Raesville, p v Columbia 
Ray Town, p v Taliaferro 
Railroads, page 149 
Randolph county, p. 113 



206 



INDEX. 



Rancher, p o Hall 
Reasaca, p o Gordon 
Red Bud do 
Redbone, p o Talbot 
Repose, p o Haralson 
Redishvllle, or Rushville, p o 

Appling 
Riedsville, cap. Tattnall 
Reedy Creek, p o Jefferson 
Rehoboth, p o Wilkes 
Riceboro', p o Liberty 
Republican, p o Warren 
Richland, p o Stewart 
Richmond county, p, 113 
Riddleville, v & school in 

Washington 
Ringgold, cap, Catoosa 
Rio, p Coweta 
Riverton, p o Campbell 
Roanoake, v Stewart 
Rockbridge, p o Gwinnette 
Rockhill, p o Gilmer 
Rocky Mount, p o Merri- 

wether 
Rocky Plains 

Rich Mountain, p o Pickens 
Rollin, p o Fannin 
Rome, cap. Floyd 
Rossville, p o Walker 
Roswell, p o Cobb 
Rosehill, p o Union 
Rotherwood, p o Carroll 
Ruckersville, p v Elbert 
Russelville, p v Monroe 
Round hill, p o Lumpkin 

Saffold, p o Early 

Saint Ilia river, & p o Wayne 

Saint Cloud, Heard 

Saint Mary's river, Town 

do Camden 

Santa Luca, p o Gilmer 



Salem, p v Clarke 
Saluda, p o Coweta 
Saluda Farm, p o Dade 
Sandhill, p o Carroll 
Sandersville, cap. Washington 
Salt Springs, p o Campbell 
Sandtown, p o do 

Saint Cloud, p o Heard 
Savannah, cap. Chatham 
Sawdust, p o Columbia 
Scarboro', p o Scriven 
Schley Co., p. 119 
Scottsboro, V Baldwin 
Searsville, p Webster 
Seward, p o Montgomery 
Scienceville, p o Stewart 
Scull Shoals, p o Greene 
Slade village, Lee 
Sharon, p o Talliaferro 
Sherwood, p Wayne 
Sheltonville, p o Forsyth 
Slate Quarry, Polk 
Shady Dale, p o Jasper 
Sandy Ridge, p o Henry 
Sleepy Hollow, p Early 
Sharp Top, p o Cherokee 
Sooque, p o Habersham 
Social Circle, p o Walton 
Skeinah, p o Fannin 
Scriven Co., p. 119 
Shoals of Ogechee, Hancock 
Sanderstown, p o Pickens 
Spier's Turn-out, Jefferson 
Snowhill, p o Walker 
Sneed, p o Lee 
Springfield, cap. Effingham 
Spalding Co., p. 120 
Spring Place, cap. Murray 
Smithville, p o Dawson 

do p Lee 
Spring, p o Henry 
Stockbridge, p o Henry 



INDEX. 



207 



Spring Creek, p o Early 
Starkville, cap. Lee 
Starsville, p o Newton 
Statesboro, cap. Bullock 
State Line, p o Heard 
Statenville, cap. Echols 
StockJ|ill, p o Fannin 
Summerville, cap. Chattooga 
Subligna, p v Chattooga 
Suinmerfield, p Stewart 
Summerville, v Richmond 
Summervale, p o Elbert 
Summer Retreats 
Swainsboro', cap. Emanuel 
Sugar creek, p o Telfair 
Sugar Valley, p o Gordon 
Sugar Hill, p o Hall 
Suwannee, p o Gwinnette 
Stephens, p o Oglethorpe 
Stephensville, p o. Wilkinson 
Strickland, p o Pierce 
Sheffield, p o Newton 
Snaffing Shoals, p o do 
Stamfordville p o Putnam 
Sulphur Springs, p o Merri- 

wether 
Sweetwater, p o Gwinnette 
Sylvania, cap. Scriven 
Sylvan Hill, p Hancock 

do Grove, p Jefferson 
Stark, p o Butts 
Sumter Co., p. 122 
Sumterville, p. Sumter 

Talbot Co., 123 
do. cap Talbot 
Tallapoosa, p o Carroll 
Tallocas, p o Brooks 
Tail's cr, p o Gilmer 
Tallulah p o Habersham 
Talmadge, p o Baldwin 
Tannville, p o 



Talking Rock, p o Pickens 
Tarversville, p o Twiggs 
Tattnall Co., p 124 
Tavern-keepers, letter to 
Tazewell, p v Marion 
Taylor Co., p 125 
Taylor's Creek, p o Liberty 

do Mountain p o Walker 
Telfair Co. p 125 
Tennille, p o Washington 
Temperance, p o and p Tel- 
fair 
Temperance, p o 
Teloga Springs, p o Chat- 
tooga 
Terrell Co., p. 126 
Tharp, p Bibb 
Texas, p in Merri wether 
Thompson, p o Columbia 
Tiger, p o Rabun 
Thomas county, p. 126 
Thomaston, cap. Upson 
Thomasviile, cap. Thomas 
Tired Creek, p o Decatur 
Thundering Spring, p Upson 
Tooinbs, p Richmond 
Toombsboro', p o Wilkinson 
Towns county, p. 125 
Towel iga river and p o in 

Butts 
Trader's Hill, cap. Charlton 
Traveller's Rest, p Dooly 
Troublesome, p o now Staten- 

ville, Echols 
Troup county, p. 128 
Troupville, cap. Lowndes 
Treaties and acquisitioi. of 

territory 
Trickem p. p. Carroll 
Troy, p o Cherokee 
Tucker's Cabin, p Henry 
Tunnelville, p o Whitefield 



20^ 



INDEX. 



Turin, p o Coweta. 
Twiggs county, p. 129. 
Twiggsville, p o Twiggs, 
Tyrone, p o Wilkes. 

Union county, p. 130. 
Union Point, p o Greene. 
Unionville, p o Monroe. 
Union Hill, p Upson. 
Upson county, p. 131. 
Upatoy, p o and creek, Mus- 
cogee. 
Utoy, p o Fulton. 

Taldosta, cap. Brooks. 
Vanwert, cap. Polk. 
Varnell's, p o Whitefield. 
Van's Valley, Floyd. 
Valley Store, p o Chattooga, 
Vernon, p o Troup. 
Verona, p o Run do] ph. 
Villa Rica, p o Carroll. 
Vienna, cap. Dooly. 
Villanow, p o Walker. 
Vineville, suburb of Macon. 
Vineyard, p o Wilcox. 
Viola, p o Mitchell. 

Walker Co., p. 131 
Walton Co., p. 132 
Walthourville, p o Liberty 
Walnut Grove, p o Walton 
W.arm Spring, see Mineral 

Springs 
Warnerville, p o Me rri wether 
Ware Co. p. 133 
Waresboro, cap. Ware 
Warren Co. p. 134 
Warrinton, cap. Warren 
Warsaw, p o Milton 
Wartbem, p o Wasbington 
Washington Co. p. 134 



Waverley, p o Harris 
Washington, cap. Wilkes 
Wayne Co., p. 135 
Waynesville, p o and cap. 

Wayne 
Webb's Creek, p o Banks 
Webster Co., p. 136 | 
Waynesboro', cap. Burke 
Webster-place, p o Elbert 
Walnut Hill, p o Franklin 
Walesca, p o Cherokee 
WarhiU, p o Hall 
Warwoman, p o Rabun 
Warwick, p o Worth 
Watkinsville, cap. Clarke 
Water oak, p o Muscogee 
Watermelon, p o Tattnall 
W^aynman's Factory, Upson 
Ways, p o Bryan 
Weston, p o Webster 
W^estpoint, town Troup 
Welborn's Mills, p o Houston 
White Co., p. 137 
Whitesville, p o Harris 
White Plains, p o Greene 
Whitefield Co., p. 137 
Whitehouse, p o Henry 
Whitney, p o Calhoun 
Whitepath, p o Gilmer 
Winchester, p o Macon 
Winficld, p o Columbia 
Wimberly, Carroll 
White Oak, p o 
White Water, p o Fayette 
Wilkes Co., p. 138 
Wilkinson Co., p. 140 
Willow Dell, p o Coweta 

" Grove, p o do 
W^indsor, p o Walton 
Wisdom's Store, p o Harris 
AVithlacoochee river 
Woodbury, p o Merriwether 



INDEX. 



209 



Wooclburn, Jefferson 
Wood! awn, p o Murray 
Woodville, p o Green 
Woodstock, p o Cherokee 
Worth Co., .p. 141 
Worthville, p o Butts 
Wrightsboro', p o Cohimbia 
Wrightsville, cap. Johnson 
Yardboro', p o Cherokee 



Yellow Stone, p o Polk 
Yellow River, Gwinnette 
York, p o Spalding 
York (Little), p o Mont- 
gomery 

Zero, p o Appling in Wayne, 
near Initial Point 




J- 






v^ .;^^, ^^v -^^ .^^^_^-, _^. 




